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Galaxy–halo alignments in the Horizon-AGN cosmological hydrodynamical simulation
Chisari, N. E.,Koukoufilippas, N.,Jindal, A.,Peirani, S.,Beckmann, R. S.,Codis, S.,Devriendt, J.,Miller, L.,Dubois, Y.,Laigle, C.,Slyz, A.,Pichon, C. Oxford University Press 2017 MONTHLY NOTICES- ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY Vol.472 No.1
Parvizi Javad,Cha Yonghan,Chisari Emanuele,Kim Kangbaek,Koo Kyung-Hoi 대한의학회 2024 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.39 No.15
Total joint arthroplasty (TJA) is a surgical procedure, in which parts of damaged joints are removed and replaced with a prosthesis. The main indication of TJA is osteoarthritis, and the volume of TJA is rising annually along with the increase of aged population. Hip and knee are the most common joints, in which TJAs are performed. The TJA prosthesis is composed of metal, plastic, or ceramic device. Even though TJA is the most successful treatment for end-stage osteoarthritis, it is associated with various complications, and periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is the most serious complication after TJA. With the increasing volume of TJAs, there is a simultaneous rise in the incidence of PJI. Contamination of the surgical wound and the adherence of bacteria to the surface of prosthetic component represent the initial step in the pathogenesis of PJI. The main sources of the contamination are 1) patient's own flora, 2) droplets in the operation room air, and 3) surgical gloves and instruments. Even though modern techniques have markedly reduced the degree of contamination, TJAs cannot be done in completely germ-free conditions and some degree of contamination is inevitable in all surgical procedures. However, not all contamination leads to PJI. It develops when the burden of contamination exceeds the immune threshold or the colony forming units (CFUs) and various factors contribute to a decrease in the CFU level. Surgeons should be aware of the germ burden/CFU concept and should monitor sources of contamination to maintain the germ burden below the CFU to prevent PJI.
Cosmic evolution of stellar quenching by AGN feedback: clues from the Horizon-AGN simulation
Beckmann, R. S.,Devriendt, J.,Slyz, A.,Peirani, S.,Richardson, M. L. A.,Dubois, Y.,Pichon, C.,Chisari, N. E.,Kaviraj, S.,Laigle, C.,Volonteri, M. Oxford University Press 2017 MONTHLY NOTICES- ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY Vol.472 No.1
<P>The observed massive end of the galaxy stellar mass function is steeper than its predicted dark matter halo counterpart in the standard Lambda cold dark matter paradigm. In this paper, we investigate the impact of active galactic nuclei (AGN) feedback on star formation in massive galaxies. We isolate the impact of AGN by comparing two simulations from the HORIZON suite, which are identical except that one also includes supermassive black holes (SMBHs) and related feedback models. This allows us to cross-identify individual galaxies between simulations and quantify the effect of AGN feedback on their properties, including stellar mass and gas outflows. We find that massive galaxies (M-* >= 10(11) M-circle dot) are quenched by AGN feedback to the extent that their stellar masses decrease by up to 80 per cent at z = 0. SMBHs affect their host halo through a combination of outflows that reduce their baryonic mass, particularly for galaxies in the mass range 10(9) M-circle dot <= M-* <= 10(11) M-circle dot, and a disruption of central gas inflows, which limits in situ star formation. As a result, net gas inflows on to massive galaxies, M-* >= 10(11) M-circle dot, drop by up to 70 per cent. We measure a redshift evolution in the stellar mass ratio of twin galaxies with and without AGN feedback, with galaxies of a given stellar mass showing stronger signs of quenching earlier on. This evolution is driven by a progressive flattening of the M-SMBH-M-* relation with redshift, particularly for galaxies with M-* <= 10(10) M-circle dot. M-SMBH/M-* ratios decrease over time, as falling average gas densities in galaxies curb SMBH growth.</P>