혈중 Progesterone 수준 측정에 의한 제주마의 조기 임신진단에 관한 연구

정창조,장덕지,김중계 제주대학교 방사능이용연구소 1989 연구보고 Vol.4 No.-

Radioimmunoassy 기법을 이용하여 제주 재래마의 조기진단방법을 규명하기 위해 혈중 progesterone을 측정하였다. 총 226두의 임신 및 비임신마를 번식계절과 비번식 계절에 걸쳐 조사하였다. 발정개시후 20-23일의 평균 혈중 progesterone 수준은 임신마가 4.67+0.67ng/㎖, 비임신마는 0.55+0.04ng/㎖로 유의적인(P<0.01) 차이를 나타내었다. 임신전기간 중의 혈중 progesterone 수준은 임신기간이 진행됨에 따라 증가하여 임신 3개월에 최고(10.3ng/㎖)에 달하였으나 그후 점차 감소되어 임신 7개월에는 최저 수치 (1.11ng/㎖)를 나타내었고 그후 다시 증가하고 있었다. 발정개시후 20-23일의 혈중 progesterone 수준을 중심으로 임신진단을 했을 때 4.6ng/㎖ 이상을 임신으로. 1.3ng/㎖을 비임신으로 판정한 경우 정확도는 88%였으며 2.0ng/㎖을 임신으로 하였을 때에는 96%로 정확도는 개선되었다. 번식계절에서 제주마 사육농가가 추정한 임신마와 혈중 progesterone 수준에 의한 임신판정의 정확도는 69.6%에 불과하였다. 비번식계절에 있어서 임신마와 비임신마의 혈중 progesterone 수준은 개체에 따라 큰 폭의 변이를 보이고 있으며 임신마는 3.5-6.2ng/㎖ 범위인데 반하여 비임신마의 progesterone 수준도 그와 큰 차이를 보이고 있지 않았다. 제주재래마의 조기임신진단을 위해 radioimmunoassay 기술은 임신초기(발정개시후 20-23일)의 progesterone 수준을 측정함으로서 응용할 수 있으나 비번식계절의 progesterone 수준은 임신진단의 방법으로 응용하는데에는 정확도가 떨어지는 것으로 보여진다. Plasma progesterone concentrations were measured by using radioimmunoassay for early diagnosis of pregnancy in Cheju-native mares. A total of 226 pony mares were examined for pregnancy during breeding and non-breeding seasons. Plasma progesterone levels 20-23 days after the onset of oestrus were 4.67+0.67ng/㎖ and 0.55+0.04ng/㎖ for mares becomming pregnant and not pregnant after the estrus, respectively, and there was a significant difference(p<0.01) between the two groups. Progesterone concentration of pregnant mares gradually increased in 30 days and reached a peak (10.3ng/㎖) during the third month of gestaion. However, the concentration decresed to the base line (1.11ng/㎖) at 7 months and gradually increased again as foaling approached (5.9ng/㎖). Early pregnant diagnosis of Cheju mares by progesterone level at 20-23 days after onset of oestrus was 88% accurate when 4.6ng/㎖ was used to classify mares as pregnancy and below 1.3 ng/㎖ was used to determine nonpregnant mares. However, the accuracy of the pregnant diagnosis was improved to 96% when a progesterone level of above 2ng/㎖ was used to classify mares as pregnancy. Pregnant diagnosis was 69.6% accurate when mares were classified as pregnancy by horse owners during breeding season. Non-breeding season progesterone levels of pregnant and non-pregnant mares varied greatly between individual animals. Plasma progesterone levels of pregnant animals ranged from 3.5ng/㎖ to above 6.2ng/㎖ whereas similar values were observed in non-pregnant animals. Radioimmunoassay techniques can be applied for early pregnant diagnosis of Cheju native mares when progesterone levels are measured during the early gestation period (18-23 days after onset of oestrus). However, progesterone concentration of mares in non-breeding season is conisidered unsuitable as a indicator of pregnant diagnosis.

低質粗飼料의 飼料價値增進에 관한 硏究 : Ⅱ. 放射線照射가 보리 및 油菜副産物의 In Vitro D.M. 消化率과 V.F.A. 生成에 미치는 影響 Ⅱ. Effects of Gamma Ray Irradiation on the In Vitro D. M. Digestibility and V.F.A. Production of Barley and Rape Byproducts

鄭在畯,鄭昌朝 제주대학교 방사능이용연구소 1985 연구보고 Vol.1 No.-

低質粗飼料의 飼料價値 增進을 위해 放射線照射의 效果를 試驗하였다. 보리짚, 보리가락 및 油菜깍지를 供試하여 ?? 線源을 ?? 0, 2.5, 5, 10 및 25 Mrad를 照射하였다. 放射線照射水準은 Hemicellulose와 NDF의 組成分에 影響을 주어 高水準에서 그 含量이 減少되고 있었다. 放射線照射의 效果는 보리가락에서 In vitro 消化率을 높였으며, 10, 25Mrad 水準에서는 현저한 (P<0.01) 消化率의 增加를 나타내었다. 다만, 2.5, 5Mrad照射는 減少現象을 보이고 있었다. 醱酵 48時間에서 平均 Total VFA의 生成量은 보리가락과 油菜깍지가 가장 優秀하였으며, 25Mrad水準은 모든 飼料의 VFA 生成量을 增加시키고 있었다. C₂/C₃Ratio는 高線量水準에서 3∼5時間에 가장 크게 나타났으며 그後부터는 漸次 減少되고 있었다. Effects of Gamma irradiation on low quality roughage, to enhance their potential nutritive value were examined. Barley straw, Barley husks and Rape hulls were irradiated with doses of 0, 2.5, 5, 10 and 25 Mrad using ?? Cosource. Hemicellulose and Nutural Detergent Fiber (NDF) content of tested materials were decreased by the higher irradiation dose, with 10 and 25 Mrad. Significant (P<0.01) increases in In Vitro D.M. disapperance of barley husks were altered by 10 and 25 Mrad doses but to a less extent the digestibility with other doses. Mean total V.F.A. production at 48 hours fermentation was highest in Barley husks and Rape hulls. 25 Mrad dose increased the V.F.A. concentration in all materials tested. Higher doses also improved the acetic and propionic ratio (C₂/C₃) at 3-5 hours fermentation, this ratio gradually decreased thereafter.

濟州道 中山間地帶 草地圈內 地表水源 調査

鄭昌朝,Wilson, M.J. 제주대학교 1980 논문집 Vol.12 No.-

A survey located surface water resources for cattle on the mountain grassland of Cheju Island. Stereoscopic air-photo examination of 14% of the 50,000 ha grassland-belt, was followed by field trip to identify dam, weir and off-stream reservior sites and useful river pool. Desirable aspects of a good dam site are discussed and related to Cheju conditions. With topographical considerations satisfied, basin porosity is considered the most limiting factor and a list of soil offering the most likely self-sealing sites is selected from the island's soil surey. Of nine dam sites found, one could have three times the capacity of the largest existing dam on the island. Weir and off-stream reservior sites and the few springs and river pools worthy of attention are also listed. The authors then discuss water development on the grassland in broader terms. Choice between surface storage, exploiting ground water of pumping water up from the cast, will depend on relative costs-about which more needs to be learnt. Representatives of interested organisations should pool available knowledge and determine a water resource research and development programme. This would collect long term meteorological and hydrological data; investigate feeding spring water and inserting hydraulic rams into the existing reticulation; investigate artificial seals for dams and highly silty soils as dam building materials. The partition of precipitation into runoff, evaporation and underground seepage could be determined using river guages, automated weather stations, and isotopic techniques. Isotopes could determine direction, flow rates and length of storage of underground water; assist borehole location; measure river flows and identify pipeline losses.

同位元素를 利用한 濟州地域 水資源에 關한 硏究(Ⅲ)

정창조,송성준,유장걸,안종성 제주대학교 방사능이용연구소 1988 연구보고 Vol.3 No.-

本 硏究는 鹽分含量이 비교적 많은 舊左·城山 地域의 地下水 資源에 대한 基本的인 理化學的 特性을 調査함으로써 地下水의 鹽水化 現象에 대한 원인을 究明코자 수행되었다. 이 地域의 湧泉水, 地下水, 海水를 時期別 (3月, 5月, 8月, 10月)로 採水하여 溫度, pH, 陽이온, 陰이온 및 전기전도도 그리고 환경동위원소 ( ³H, ²H, ??O )의 存在量을 測定하였다. 그리고 城山 근처의 地下水質이 不良한 우도지역의 地下水에 대한 基礎調査를 하기 위해 8月에 地下水, 海水, 연못물을 採水하여 상기의 理化學的 分析 項目에 대해서 測定을 하였다. 1) 舊左·城山地域 舊左·城山地域의 地下水와 湧泉水의 양·음이온 농도, 電氣傳導度 값은 濟州市 地域보다 地下水인 경우 5∼10배, 湧泉水에서 30∼60배 정도 높은 함량을 보였으며 Cl 함량이 150ppm 이상 되는 湧泉水 G7, G13과 地下水 G2, G4, G5, G9, G10 은 食水로서 利用이 부적당하나 SAR값이 2-8.5 범위이므로 농업용수로서 使用은 可能한 것으로 생각된다. 本 調査地域의 地下水는 7∼8月의 집중호우의 영향으로 地下水의 鹽分含量이 쉽게 稀釋되는 것으로 보아 帶水層이 적고 강우에 의한 Mixing process 가 대단히 빠르다고 생각된다. 환경동위원소( ³H, ²H, ??O) 含量은 季節에 따라 差異를 보여 3月보다 5月에 높은 경향을 보였다. 地下水의 鹽水化 現象을 究明키 위해 地下水의 鹽分含量과 ³H, ²H의 含量간에 상호관계를 調査했으나 海水의 浸透에 의해 變化되는 鹽分含量에 比해 ³H, ²H의 變化量은 測定誤差內에 있기 때문에 일정한 경향을 보이지 않았다. 그러나, ??O의 測定結果를 보면 海水汚染이 전혀 發生하지 않은 것으로 생각되는 송당(G6) 地下水가 그 含量이 제일 낮으며 기타 鹽分含量이 높은 地下水와 湧泉水는 대체로 높은 含量을 보이고 있다. 한편, ??O含量과 電氣傳導度값 ( r=0.94**), Na 含量 ( r=0.94**), Cl (r=0.98**) 간에 유의상관이 인정됨으로써 海水에 의한 鹽水化現象이 있을 것으로 생각된다. The salt contents and electrical conductivity of ground waters as well as spring waters in the areas of Songsan and Kujwa were much higher than those of Cheju-shi area;5-10 times in salt content and 30-60 times in electrical conductivity. Since the chloride contents of ground waters in these areas were higher than 150 ppm, ground waters proved not to be suitable for drinking purpose but adequate for agricultural irrigation. The fact that there were significant correlationship among the salt (Na, Cl) contents, electrical conductivities and oxygen-18 contents, indicates the ground waters close to the coastline were affected by sea water. The high ratio of Cl and HCO₃+CO₃in those ground waters also provides the evidence of sea water intrusion. Considering that the salt concentrations of ground waters were much diluted by heavy rain fall, the catchment basin seemed to be small and the mixing process might occur rapidly. Additional survey on the existing boreholes in Udo Island area showed that the ground waters were not adequate for drinking but could be used for the irrigation purpose.

Holstein 착유우에 대한 감귤가공부산물 Silage 급여가 유량 및 유조성에 미치는 영향

정창조,양승주 제주대학교 농과대학 제주도축산문제연구소 1986 畜産論叢 Vol.1 No.1

Citrus waste silage, urea added silage and urea plus wheat bran sitage were fed to eight milking cows for 140 days. Control cows were grazed and fed silage freerations. Two cows in each treatment were allowed to graze for 4-6 hours daily, fed dairy concentrate according to milk yields and offered 10kg of one kind of citrus waste silage. Intake of citrus waste was higher in urea added silage (T_(2)) and urea plus weat bran silage(T_(3)) than in control silage (T_(0)) and T_1 silage where cows were fed citrus waste silage without additions. It was noted that the cows in T_(2) and T_(3) gave higher milk yields and that peak periods were extented. The butterfat percentage increased slightly when cows were fed citrus waste silage with addition of urea and wheat brans. It was observed that the palatability of citrus waste silage was excellent and gave rise to increased milk production and improved milk quality.

低質粗飼料의 飼料價値增進에 관한 硏究 : II 放射線照射가 보리 및 油菜副産物의 InVitro D.M.消化率과 V.F.A.生成에 미치는 影響 II. Effects of Gamma Ray irradiation on the In vitro D.M. disapperarance and V/F.A. Prodution of Barley and Rape Byproducts

鄭昌朝 제주대학교 1984 논문집 Vol.19 No.-

低質粗飼料의 飼料價値 增進을 위해 放射線照射의 效果를 試驗하였다. 보리짚,보리가락 및 油菜깍지를 供試하여 ??線源을 利用 0,2.5,5,10 및 25 Mrad를 照射하였다. 放射線照射水準은 Hemicellulose와 NDF의 組成分에 影響을 주어 高水準에서 그 含量이 減少되고 있었다. 放射線照射의 效果는 보리가락에서 Invitro 消化率을 높였으며, 10,25 Mrad 水準에서는 현저한 (P<0.01)消化率의 增加를 나타내었다. 다만,2.5, 5 Mrad照射는 各試料 모두 對照區에 비해 消化率의 減少現象을 보이고 있었다. 醱酵 48 時間에서 平均 Total VFA의 生成量은 보리가락과 油菜깍지가 가장 優勢하였으며,25Mrad水準은 모든 飼料의 VFA 生成量을 增加 시키고 있었다. C/C Ratio 는 高線量水準에서 3~5 時間에 가장 크게 나타났으며 그後 부터는 漸次 減少되고 있었다. Effects of Gamma irradiation on low quality roughage, to engance their potential nutritive value were examined. Barley straw,Barley husks and Rape hulls were irradiated with doses of 0,2.5,5,10 and 25 Mrad using ??Cosurce.Hemicellulose and Nutrural Detergent Fiber (NDF) content of tested materials were decreased by the higher irradiation dose,with 10 and 25 Mrad. Significant (P<0.01)increases in InVrtro D.M.disapperance ofbarley husks were altred by 10 and 25 Mrad doses but to a less estent the digestibility with other doses.Mean total V.F.A. production at 48 hours fermentation was highest in Barley husks and Rape hulls.25 Mrad dose increased increased the V.F.A. concentration in all materials tested. Higher doses also improved the acetic and propionic ratio (C₂/C₃)at 3-5 hours fermentation, this ratio gradually decreased thereafter

감귤부산물의 사료화에 관한 연구 : -Ⅳ. 산란계에 대한 건조감귤부산물의 사료가치-

정창조,양승주 제주대학교 1985 논문집 Vol.20 No.-

As a follow up to recent local broiler experiments further studies were carried out using dried citrus peel and pulp at different substitution levels in layer's rations. 150 nineteenweeks-old Warren layers were used in the present experiment over a period of twenty two weeks. The experimental design used included five treatments; TO (control). T1 (5% dried citrus peel substitu-tion), T2 (10% Ditto), T3 (15% Ditto), T4 (5% dried citrus segment and pulp). Egg production rate (78.9%-82.5%) decreased significantly in T3 but no statistically significant differences were found between other treatments. Egg weights (59.6-62.1g) decreased according to substitution level. Daily feed intake (127.0-129.8g) decreased significantly in T3 and was higher in T 1 and T2. There were no differences in palatability up to the 10% substitution level. Feed efficiency (2.5-2 7) also showed a simillar tendency to that of the feed intake. There were no singificant differences in daily weight gains between treatments but a slightly higher weight gain was observed in treatment 3 and 4. Yolk colour intensity increased and percentage of cracked and soft eggs dropped when substitution levels rose. The proportion of yolk weight to whole egg weight, however, decreased. Crude protein utilization decreased according to the increasement of substitution (especially in T3) but there were no differences in NFE utilization between treatments. It is suggested, based on these results, that the substitution of dried citrus waste improves egg yolk colour but results in a decrease in egg weight. It would appear that 10% is the optimum substitution level of dried citrus waste in layers rations.

放射線照射에 의한 柑橘貯藏에 관한 硏究

鄭昌朝,趙漢玉,金洙賢,金在河 제주대학교 방사능이용연구소 1985 연구보고 Vol.1 No.-

柑橘의 貯藏性 向上을 爲한 ?? 線 照射가 濟州産 溫洲柑橘에 미치는 影響을 調査하였다. 溫洲柑橘 4個 系統을 10,000Ci, ?? 線源을 利用 0, 50, 100, 150Krad水準으로 照射하여 92日間 半地下式 貯藏庫에 貯藏, 調査한 結果를 要約하면 아래와 같다. 1. 貯藏終了時까지의 柑橘 累積腐敗率은 中生系인 米澤(T₂) 74.32%, 早生溫洲(T₁) 69.67%, 中晩生系林溫洲(T₃) 61.79%와 晩生系 靑島(T₄)가 64.33%였다. 反面 서울地域의 腐敗率은 D-72에서 T₁; 28%, T₃; 25% 및 T₄; 24%로 濟州地域에 比해 越等히 낮았다. 柑橘의 腐敗는 貯藏初期에 徐徐히 增加하나 照射後 59日부터는 急激히 上昇하기 始作하였다. 腐敗率과 柑橘系統 사이에는 高度의 相關關係가 있었으며 貯藏性은 T₃와 T₄가 가장 우수하였다 ??. 高放射線 照射水準(100, 150Krad)은 貯藏中期까지 柑橘貯藏에 效果가 있었으나 照射 76日 以後에는 對照區와 差가 없었다. 2. 放射線 照射는 貯藏期間中 柑橘의 酸度를 減少 시켰으며 平均 酸度는 T₁; 1.01%, T₃; 1.01%, T₄; 0.84% 및 T₂; 0.77%로 柑橘系統 및 照射線量間에는 高度(P<0.01)의 有意差가 認定되었다. 3. 모든 處理區에서 還元糖과 全糖含量은 增加하고 있었으나 統計的 有意性은 없었고 50Krad照射區에서만은 對照區에 比해 有意的(P<0.01)으로 減少하고 있었다. 糖度는 T₁,T₄가 T₂, T₃에 比하여 높았으며 高線量水準(100, 150Krad)에서 Control에 比해 有意的인 減少가 있었다(P<0.01). Ascorbine 酸含量은 모든 處理區에서 貯藏時期가 經過됨에 따라 減少하였으며 高照射線量水準에서 對照區에 比해 有意的인 減少가 있었다(P<0.01). A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of ?? irradiation on the preservation of Satsuma mandarin in Cheju Island. Four varieties (S. m. early, S. m. Komezawa, S. m. Hayashi and S. m. Aoshima) were irradiated using 10,000 Ci, ?? ray with dosages of 0, 50, 100 and 150Krad. During 92 days of storage the effects of irradiation on mandarin properties were as follows; 1. At the end of storage period the accumulated fruit rotting percentage were S. m. Komezawa (T₂); 74.32%, S. m. early (T₁); 69.67%, S. m. aoshima (T₄); 64.33% and S. m. Hayashi (T₃); 61.79%. The rottings steadily increased from the early stage of storage and rapid spoilage continued after 59 days of irradiation. A high correlation existed between fruit rotting and varieties (T₃; Y=0.78x-15.30, T₄; Y=0.79x-12.29, T₁; Y=0.93x-9.01 and T₂; Y=0.79x-13.49). High dosages (100 and 150 Krad) improved fruit preservation during the mid storage stage. However 76 days after high dose irradiation there was no significant difference a rotting between irradiated fruit and the control. 2. Irradiation decreased acidity of fruit during storage (P<0.01). The mean acidities of examined varieties were T₁; 1.01%, T₃; 1.01%, T₄; 0.84% and T₂; 0.77%. A significant differences were observed in acidity between varieties and dosages (P<0.01). 3. With one exception in all treatments, the increase in free and total sugar content was not statistically significant. The exception was the 50 Krad treatment where the total sugar content decreased. T₁and T₄showed slightly higher value of Brix than T₂and T₃and were significantly (P<0.01) decreased by higher dosage. The ascorbic acid content in all treatments decreased with length of storage and also decreased significantly with a higher dosage.

同位元素를 利用한 濟州地域 水資源에 관한 硏究(第2報)

鄭昌朝,安鍾成,宋成俊,柳長杰 제주대학교 방사능이용연구소 1986 연구보고 Vol.2 No.-

本 硏究는 濟州道 西歸浦地域에 位置하고 있는 地下水 資源에 관한 기초적인 理化學的 特性을 分析함으로써 장래에 발생할 수 있는 해수에 의한 地下水의 汚染을 사전에 豫防하기 위해서 海水 2점, 湧泉水 1점, 地下水 11점을 대상으로 時期別로 採水하여 온도, pH, 양이온, 음이온, 電氣傳導度 그리고 환경동위원소인 tritium, deuterium과 oxygen-18의 存在量을 정량하였다. 1) 湧泉水의 영향을 받지않은 해수의 전기전도도는 50,000μmho/cm였으며, 일반 양질의 地下水는 100μmho/cm 내외였다. 반면에, S4, S5, S9, S12地下水는 200∼600μmho/cm범위였다. 2) Tritium 함량은 海水 4 ∼ 5 TU, 湧泉水 15∼17TU, 地下水 11∼17TU였다. 3) Deuterium함량은 海水 -4∼-2per mill, 湧泉水 -38per mill, 地下水 -40∼-37per mill 정도였다. 4) 일반 양질의 지하수에 비해서 S4, S5 管井의 地下水는 염분함량과 전기전도도가 약 5∼3배 정도 높으나 tritium 함량과 decteriumg 함량이 일반 지하수와 비슷하기 때문에 해수의 오염에 의한 염분 증가가 아닌 것으로 판단된다. 5) 한편, S9인 경우 일반 地下水에 비해 tritium함량도 높고 특히 S4, S5지하수 보다 deuterium과 0-18함량이 높은 것으로 보다 염분함량이 높은 것은 海水의 영향을 받았기 때문이라고 생각된다. In order to establish effective protective measures to prevent the contamination of ground water caused by the sea water intrusion, environmental isotope-aided techniques were applied in the Soguipo-shi area situated in the south of Cheju island to ascertain whether existing boreholes were free from salty water contamination. Water samples were collected, according to season, from the sea, the spring and the boreholes for measuring temperature, pH, mineral contents, electrical conductivity and environmental isotopes(H-3, H-2, O-18). 1. Electrical conductivities of sea water and ground water of good quality were 50,000μmho/cm, 100μmho/cm respectively, while the poor ground waters located closely at seashore had the range of 200 to 600μmho/cm. 2. The content of tritium was 4 to 5 TU in sea water, 15 to 17 TU in spring water and 11 to 17 TU in ground water. 3. The deuterium content was -4 to -2 per mill in sea water, -38 per mill in spring water and -40 to -37 per mill in ground water. 4. The mineral content and electrical conductivity of ground water from boreholes, S4, S5 were 1.5 to 3 times higher than good ground water but the contents of tritium, deuterium and oxygen -18 were very similar to it. The result indicates that these ground waters are being contaminated by municipal seawage or other sources. 5. However, in case of ground water from borehole S9, its tritium content was very similar to sea water and its deuterium and oxygen -18 content were higher than ground water(S4, S5). Consequently, it is concluded that the ground water of borehole S9 is affected by sea water.

제주도 방목용 야초지의 식생조사에 관한 연구 : 해발 200M를 중심으로

양창범,정창조 제주대학교 농과대학 제주도축산문제연구소 1991 畜産論叢 Vol.6 No.1

A vegetation aurvcy of the native pasture was conducted in &ju from July to September, 1980. The purpose of this investigation were, to determine the botanical composition of the native pasture and to estimate how they can be improved to the feed re~ources of livestock industry. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Grass specks existed in native pasture were 64 species with Poaceae 13, Fubaceae 8, Caduacea 12 and other 31. Most of them wen identified as perennial grasses. 2. Botanical composition of major pass species were Imperata cylindria 32.1%, Pteridium aquilinum 18.9% Miscanthus sinend 8.4 %, and Artemisia japonia 2.8 % respectively. 3. The average dry matter yield of forage taken on the native pasture was 383kg per 10a and these yields were increased as the growing stages progressed. 4. Seamd distribution of edibk plants were increased as the growing stages progressed.