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Bak, Seong-Min,Nam, Kyung-Wan,Chang, Wonyoung,Yu, Xiqian,Hu, Enyuan,Hwang, Sooyeon,Stach, Eric A.,Kim, Kwang-Bum,Chung, Kyung Yoon,Yang, Xiao-Qing American Chemical Society 2013 Chemistry of materials Vol.25 No.3
<P>In this work, we present results from the application of a new in situ technique that combines time-resolved synchrotron X-ray diffraction and mass spectroscopy. We exploit this approach to provide direct correlation between structural changes and the evolution of gas that occurs during the thermal decomposition of (over)charged cathode materials used in lithium-ion batteries. Results from charged Li<SUB><I>x</I></SUB>Ni<SUB>0.8</SUB>Co<SUB>0.15</SUB>Al<SUB>0.05</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> cathode materials indicate that the evolution of both O<SUB>2</SUB> and CO<SUB>2</SUB> gases are strongly related to phase transitions that occur during thermal decomposition, specifically from the layered structure (space group <I>R</I>3̅<I>m</I>) to the disordered spinel structure (<I>Fd</I>3̅<I>m</I>), and finally to the rock-salt structure (<I>Fm</I>3̅<I>m</I>). The state of charge also significantly affects both the structural changes and the evolution of oxygen as the temperature increases: the more extensive the charge, the lower the temperature of the phase transitions and the larger the oxygen release. Ex situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are also utilized to investigate the local structural and valence state changes in Ni and Co ions, and to characterize microscopic morphology changes. The combination of these advanced tools provides a unique approach to study fundamental aspects of the dynamic physical and chemical changes that occur during thermal decomposition of charged cathode materials in a systematic way.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/cmatex/2013/cmatex.2013.25.issue-3/cm303096e/production/images/medium/cm-2012-03096e_0014.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/cm303096e'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Lee, Suk-Woo,Bak, Seong-Min,Lee, Chang-Wook,Jaye, Cherno,Fischer, Daniel A.,Kim, Bae-Kyun,Yang, Xiao-Qing,Nam, Kyung-Wan,Kim, Kwang-Bum American Chemical Society 2014 JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C - Vol.118 No.5
<P>We explore structural changes of the carbon in MnO<SUB>2</SUB>/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) hybrid materials prepared by the direct redox reaction between carbon and permanganate ions (MnO<SUB>4</SUB><SUP>–</SUP>) to reach better understanding for the effects of carbon corrosion on carbon loss and its bonding nature during the hybrid material synthesis. In particular, we carried out near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy at the C K-edge (284.2 eV) to show the changes in the electronic structure of RGO. Significantly, the redox reaction between carbon and MnO<SUB>4</SUB><SUP>–</SUP> causes both quantitative carbon loss and electronic structural changes upon MnO<SUB>2</SUB> deposition. Such disruptions of carbon bonding have a detrimental effect on the initial electrical properties of the RGO and thus lead to a significant decrease in electrical conductivity. Electrochemical measurements of the MnO<SUB>2</SUB>/reduced graphene oxide hybrid materials using a cavity microelectrode revealed unfavorable electrochemical properties that were mainly due to the poor electrical conductivity of the hybrid materials. The results of this study should serve as a useful guide to rationally approaching the syntheses of metal/RGO and metal oxide/RGO hybrid materials.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2014/jpccck.2014.118.issue-5/jp411176b/production/images/medium/jp-2013-11176b_0008.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jp411176b'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Relaxed Stability Condition and State Feedback H∞ Controller Design for T-S Fuzzy Systems
Xiao-Heng Chang,Guang-Hong Yang 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2009 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.7 No.1
In this paper, a fuzzy Lyapunov approach is presented for stability analysis and state feedback H∞ controller design for T-S fuzzy systems. A new stability condition is obtained by relaxing the ones derived in previous papers. Then, a set of LMI-based sufficient conditions which can guarantee the existence of state feedback H∞ controller for T-S fuzzy systems is proposed. In comparison with the existing literature, the proposed approach not only provides more relaxed stability conditions but also ensures better H∞ performance. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is shown through two numerical examples.
Xiao Tang,Kun Tong,Lishan Zhu,Guoqing Fu,Wei Chang,Ting Zhou,Zhibing Zhang,Ling Tong,Ling Zhang,Yuqin Shi,Ling Zhang,Yuqin Shi 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2016 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.12 No.4
Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) which belongs to phthalatic-acid esters, is a kind of harmful, global environmental pollutants. It is a known endocrine disrupting chemical and male reproductive toxicant. However, the mechanism by which DEHP exposure result in male reproductive toxicity is still unclear. To elucidate the productive toxicity mechanism of DEHP, we attemptted to investigate oxidative stress, apoptotic effects, mRNA and protein expression of apoptosis-associated genes including FasL, caspase-3, and caspase-8 in GC-2spd (mouse spermatogenic cells). The results showed that, with the increase of DEHP concentration, cell apoptosis rate increased; the activities of relation index of oxidative stress such as malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutatione peroxidase (GSH-PX) changed significantly; the mRNA and protein expression levels of FasL, caspase-3, -8, altered obviously. These results suggested that DEHP could induce apoptosis of GC-2spd cells through oxidative stress and FasL-dependent pathway.
Fuzzy Resilient Energy-to-Peak Filtering for Continuous-Time Nonlinear Systems
Chang, Xiao-Heng,Park, Ju H.,Shi, Peng Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2017 IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems Vol. No.
<P>The problem of resilient energy-to-peak filtering for a class of uncertain continuous-time nonlinear systems is investigated in this paper. A Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy model with norm-bounded uncertainties is used to represent the nonlinear plant. Attention is focused on the design of an energy-to-peak filter such that the filtering error system is asymptotically stable and the prescribed energy-to-peak filtering performance is guaranteed, where the designed filter is assumed to have additive gain variations. The proposed design is aimed at all filter matrices with gain variations, which improves the existing results on resilient energy-to-peak filtering for continuous-time systems. A simulation example is provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed methods.</P>
Chang Yuan,Chang Liu,Xueyin Zhang,Tianyang Zhao,Xiangning Xiao,Niang Tang 전력전자학회 2017 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.17 No.3
In modern power systems, high penetration of distributed generators (DGs) results in high stress on system stability. Apart from the intermittent nature of DGs, most DGs do not contribute inertia or damping to systems. As a result, a new control method named virtual synchronous machine (VSM) was proposed, which brought new characteristics to inverters such as synchronous machines (SMs). In addition, different active power droop controls for VSMs are being proposed in literatures. However, they are quite different in terms of their dynamic characteristics despite of the similar control laws. In this paper, mathematical models of a VSM adopting different active power droop controls are built and analyzed. The dynamic performance of the VSM output active power and virtual rotor angular frequency are presented for different models. The influences of the damping factor and droop coefficient on the VSM dynamic behaviors are also investigated in detail. Finally, the theoretical analysis is verified by simulations and experimental results.
H_∞ Controller Design for Linear Systems with Time-invariant Uncertainties
Xiao-Heng Chang 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2011 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.9 No.2
This paper considers the problem of designing robust H_∞ state feedback controller for linear continuous-time systems with time-invariant uncertainties. The main result given here concerns H_∞ controller design using the parameter dependent Lyapunov function approach and a new control law. A new condition ensuring the linear systems to be is asymptotically stable with a prescribed H_∞ performance is proposed in terms of a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Theoretic proof is given to show that the proposed condition is less conservative than existing results in the literature. An example is provided to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method.
Xiao-Dan Yue,Jing-Yu Wang,Xin-Rong Zhang,Ju-Hong Yang,Chun-Yan Shan,Miao-Yan Zheng,Hui-Zhu Ren,Yi Zhang,Shao-Hua Yang,Zhen-Hong Guo,Bai Chang,Bao-Cheng Chang 대한의학회 2017 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.32 No.4
Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are newly developed but promising medicine for type 2 diabetes. However, patients with a different renal threshold for glucose excretion (RTG) may have a different reaction to this medicine. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics of RTG and its impact factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The clinical and laboratory data of 36 healthy individuals and 168 in-hospital patients with T2DM were collected and analyzed, RTG was calculated using blood glucose (BG) measured by dynamic BG monitoring, urinary glucose excretion (UGE) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The characteristics of RTG were investigated. The risk factors for high RTG were analyzed using non-conditional logistic regression analysis. Our results found that RTG of the T2DM group was higher than that of the healthy individuals (P < 0.05); and 22.22% from the healthy individuals group but 58.33% from the T2DM group had high RTG. Age, duration of diabetes, body mass index (BMI), and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were independently associated with high RTG (P < 0.05). Further stratified analysis revealed that RTG in T2DM patients increased with age, duration of diabetes, and BMI. In conclusion, RTG is increased in patients with T2DM, especially in those with longer diabetic duration, higher BMI, and those who are older. Therefore, these patients may be more sensitive to SGLT-2 inhibitors.