Survival of tissue-resident memory T cells requires exogenous lipid uptake and metabolism

Pan, Youdong,Tian, Tian,Park, Chang Ook,Lofftus, Serena Y.,Mei, Shenglin,Liu, Xing,Luo, Chi,O’Malley, John T.,Gehad, Ahmed,Teague, Jessica E.,Divito, Sherrie J.,Fuhlbrigge, Robert,Puigserver, Pere,Kru Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nat 2017 Nature Vol.543 No.7644

Tissue-resident memory T (T<SUB>RM</SUB>) cells persist indefinitely in epithelial barrier tissues and protect the host against pathogens. However, the biological pathways that enable the long-term survival of T<SUB>RM</SUB> cells are obscure. Here we show that mouse CD8<SUP>+</SUP> T<SUB>RM</SUB> cells generated by viral infection of the skin differentially express high levels of several molecules that mediate lipid uptake and intracellular transport, including fatty-acid-binding proteins 4 and 5 (FABP4 and FABP5). We further show that T-cell-specific deficiency of Fabp4 and Fabp5 (Fabp4/Fabp5) impairs exogenous free fatty acid (FFA) uptake by CD8<SUP>+</SUP> T<SUB>RM</SUB> cells and greatly reduces their long-term survival in vivo, while having no effect on the survival of central memory T (T<SUB>CM</SUB>) cells in lymph nodes. In vitro, CD8<SUP>+</SUP> T<SUB>RM</SUB> cells, but not CD8<SUP>+</SUP> T<SUB>CM</SUB> cells, demonstrated increased mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in the presence of exogenous FFAs; this increase was not seen in Fabp4/Fabp5 double-knockout CD8<SUP>+</SUP> T<SUB>RM</SUB> cells. The persistence of CD8<SUP>+</SUP> T<SUB>RM</SUB> cells in the skin was strongly diminished by inhibition of mitochondrial FFA β-oxidation in vivo. Moreover, skin CD8<SUP>+</SUP> T<SUB>RM</SUB> cells that lacked Fabp4/Fabp5 were less effective at protecting mice from cutaneous viral infection, and lung Fabp4/Fabp5 double-knockout CD8<SUP>+</SUP> T<SUB>RM</SUB> cells generated by skin vaccinia virus (VACV) infection were less effective at protecting mice from a lethal pulmonary challenge with VACV. Consistent with the mouse data, increased FABP4 and FABP5 expression and enhanced extracellular FFA uptake were also demonstrated in human CD8<SUP>+</SUP> T<SUB>RM</SUB> cells in normal and psoriatic skin. These results suggest that FABP4 and FABP5 have a critical role in the maintenance, longevity and function of CD8<SUP>+</SUP> T<SUB>RM</SUB> cells, and suggest that CD8<SUP>+</SUP> T<SUB>RM</SUB> cells use exogenous FFAs and their oxidative metabolism to persist in tissue and to mediate protective immunity.

<tex> $ \phi $</tex> photoproduction on the proton at <tex> $ E_{\gamma }=1.5\hbox{--}2.9\;\mathrm{GeV}$</tex>

Mizutani, K.,Niiyama, M.,Nakano, T.,Yosoi, M.,Nozawa, Y.,Ahn, D. S.,Ahn, J. K.,Chang, W. C.,Chen, J. Y.,Daté,, S.,Gohn, W.,Hamano, H.,Hashimoto, T.,Hicks, K.,Hiraiwa, T.,Hotta, T.,Hwang, S. H.,I American Physical Society 2017 Physical Review C Vol.96 No.6

<P>Differential cross sections at t = t(min) and decay asymmetries for the gamma p -> phi p reaction have been measured using linearly polarized photons in the range 1.5 to 2.9 GeV. These cross sections were used to determine the Pomeron strength factor. The cross sections and decay asymmetries are consistently described by the t-channel Pomeron and pseudoscalar exchange model in the E-gamma region above 2.37 GeV. In the lower energy region, an excess over the model prediction is observed in the energy dependence of the differential cross sections at t = t(min). This observation suggests that additional processes or interference effects between Pomeron exchange and other processes appear near the threshold region.</P>

마우스 서라균(鼠癩菌) 감염에 대한 병인론적 연구

張寅奎,梁容泰,柳駿 연세대학교 의과대학 1972 연세의대논문집 Vol.5 No.1

Preparation and characterization of shape memory polymer networks based on carboxylated telechelic poly(@?-caprolactone)/epoxidized natural rubber blends

Chang, Y.W.,Eom, J.P.,Kim, J.G.,Kim, H.T.,Kim, D.K. Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemi 2010 Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry Vol.16 No.2

Shape memory polymer networks were prepared from blends of end-carboxylated telechelic poly(@?-caprolactone) (XPCL) and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR). The XPCL/ENR blends can form cross linked structure via interchain reaction between the reactive groups of each polymer during molding at high temperature. Degree of crosslinking of the blend network and their thermomechanical properties were characterized by gel content measurement, DSC and DMA. We found that the degree of crosslinking and crystalline melting transition temperatures was dependent upon the blend compositions as well as the molecular weight of the XPCL segment in the blends. The blends showed a good shape memory behavior such as good shape fixity as well as a high final recovery rate when they exhibit crystalline melting transition with a sufficiently high degree of crosslinking. And the response temperature of the recovery was well matched with T<SUB>m</SUB> of the samples.

Dependence of GaN Channel Thickness on the Transistor Characteristics of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs Grown on Sapphire

Chang, S.-J.,Bhuiyan, M. A.,Won, C.-H.,Lee, J.-H.,Jung, H. W.,Shin, M. J.,Lim, J.-W.,Lee, J.-H.,Ma, T. P. Electrochemical Society 2016 ECS journal of solid state science and technology Vol.5 No.12

<P>Various GaN channel thicknesses (0.5, 2.0, 3.5 and 6.3 mu m) grown by metal organic vapor chemical deposition (MOCVD) on sapphire substrate were prepared to investigate the effects of the channel thickness on the transistor characteristics. X-ray diffraction (XRD), pulsed I-D(V-D), as well as gate stress and DC measurements were employed in this study. The results have revealed that charge trapping in the AlGaN/GaN hetero-structure is reduced and transistor performance is improved as the GaN channel thickness is increased up to a certain value (T-GaN_Channel = 3.5 mu m); More specifically, as the GaN channel thickness is increased from 0.5 mu m to 3.5 mu m, the sheet resistance and carrier mobility values are changed from 475 to 400 Omega/square and 780 to 1100 cm(2)/Vs, respectively. These results are attributed to the ameliorated crystalline quality when the GaN thickness increases as evidenced by the XRD data. (C) 2016 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.</P>

Particle size dependence of relaxivity for silica-coated iron oxide nanoparticles

Ahmad, T.,Bae, H.,Rhee, I.,Chang, Y.,Lee, J.,Hong, S. Elsevier 2012 Current Applied Physics Vol.12 No.3

We investigate the particle size dependence of the relaxivity of hydrogen protons in an aqueous solution of iron oxide (Fe<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>) nanoparticles coated in silica for biocompatibility. The T<SUB>1</SUB> and T<SUB>2</SUB> relaxation times for various concentrations of silica-coated nanoparticles were determined by a magnetic resonance scanner. We find that the relaxivity increased linearly with increasing particle size. The T<SUB>2</SUB> relaxivity (R<SUB>2</SUB>) is more than 50 times larger than the T<SUB>1</SUB> relaxivity (R<SUB>1</SUB>) for the nanoparticle contrast agent, which reflects the fact that the T<SUB>2</SUB> relaxation is mainly influenced by outer sphere processes. The high R<SUB>2</SUB>/R<SUB>1</SUB> ratio demonstrates that silica-coated iron oxide nanoparticles may serve as a T<SUB>2</SUB> contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging with high efficacy.

Safety assessment of trans-tympanic photobiomodulation

Moon, T. H.,Lee, M. Y.,Jung, J. Y.,Ahn, J. C.,Chang, S. Y.,Chung, P. S.,Rhee, C. K.,Kim, Y. H.,Suh, M. W. Springer Science + Business Media 2016 Lasers in medical science Vol.31 No.2

<P>We evaluated functional and morphological changes after trans-tympanic laser application using several different powers of photobiomodulation (PBM). The left (L) ears of 17 rats were irradiated for 30 min daily over 14 days using a power density of 909.1 (group A, 5040 J), 1136.4 (group B, 6300 J), and 1363.6 (group C, 7560 J) mW/cm(2). The right (N) ears served as controls. The safety of PBM was determined by endoscopic findings, auditory brainstem response (ABR) thresholds, and histological images of hair cells using confocal microscopy, and light microscopic images of the external auditory canal (EAC) and tympanic membrane (TM). Endoscopic findings revealed severe inflammation in the TM of C group; no other group showed damage in the TM. No significant difference in ABR threshold was found in the PBM-treated groups (excluding the group with TM damage). Confocal microscopy showed no histological difference between the AL and AN, or BL and BN groups. However, light microscopy showed more prominent edema, inflammation, and vascular congestion in the TM of BL ears. This study found a dose-response relationship between laser power parameters and TM changes. These results will be useful for defining future allowance criteria for trans-tympanic laser therapies.</P>

Determinants of serum organochlorine pesticide and polychlorinated biphenyl levels in middle-aged Korean adults

Kim, J. T.,Kang, J. H.,Chang, Y. S.,Lee, D. H.,Choi, S. D. Springer Science + Business Media 2018 Environmental science and pollution research inter Vol.25 No.1

<P>The serum levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were measured in a middle-aged Korean population and investigated associations with age, gender, body mass index (BMI), metabolic syndrome (MS), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and dietary habits. The median concentrations of 22 OCPs and 34 PCBs in the serum samples were 483 and 216 ng g(-1) lipid, respectively. The most abundant compound was p,p'-DDE, followed by PCB 153, beta-HCH, PCB 118, and PCB 180. The results of multiple linear regression and other statistical analyses revealed that serum OCP and PCB levels were higher in women and were positively correlated with age. BMI was positively associated with serum OCP and PCB levels, reflecting the influence of food intake and the preserving effect of body fat. MS and T2DM were significantly associated with serum OCP and PCB levels. The intake of animal foods had positive associations with serum OCP and PCB levels, whereas the intake of phytogenic foods showed negative associations, presumably because of contamination levels in food items and food matrices that governs absorption and excretion of OCPs and PCBs in the body. The relationship between dietary habits and serum OCP and PCB levels were different in participants with MS compared to healthy participants, suggesting MS may alter the influence of food intake on serum OCP and PCB levels.</P>

Ultrasmall iron oxide nanoparticles: Synthesis, physicochemical, and magnetic properties

Bae, S.J.,Park, J.A.,Lee, J.J.,Lee, G.H.,Kim, T.J.,Yoo, D.S.,Chang, Y. Elsevier 2009 CURRENT APPLIED PHYSICS Vol.9 No.1

A new synthetic method leading to the formation of polycaprolactone (PCL)/iron oxide nanoparticles using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is described. The unique feature of this method is that the conventional polymerization step can be avoided. A stable colloidal dispersion of the PCL-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (PCLNP) is thus formed in the presence of PVP as a stabilizer. The PCLNP has a mean diameter of 20-50nm as measured by TEM. Magnetic measurement by SQUID shows that the PCLNP has a strong superparamagnetism to be used as a liver MR T2 agent.

방사성동위원소옥소(131I)에 의한 갑상선질환의 임상적연구

정경태,이문호,이범홍,김목현,장고창,김명재,이장규 대한핵의학회 1967 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.1 No.1

$quot;서울대학교 의과대학 부속병원 방사성동위원소진료실에서 1960년 5월부터 1966년 6월까지 진료한 1,716명의 각종 갑상선 질환 환자에 대하여 131I에 의한 각종 갑상선기능검사를 실시하는 동시에 갑상선 기능항진증에 대한 131I의 치료성적을 종합검토하여 아래와 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1) 1,716예의 갑상선질환중 중독성미만성선종이 596명 (34.7%)으로 가장 많았으며 비중독성결절성선종이 412명 (24.0%), 정상기능이 278명 (16.2%), 비중독성미만성선종이 236명 (13.8%), 기능저하가 89명 (5.2%), 중독성결절성선종이 53명 (3.1%), 갑상선염이 32명 (1.9%), dyshormonogenesis가 20명 (1.2%)이었다. 2) 갑상선질환의 성별 발생빈도는 남자 218명 (12.7%), 여자 1,498명 (87.3%)로 그 비는 1:6.9이었다. 3) 연령별 발생빈도는 20∼40대가 1,365명으로 가장 많았으며 이는 전예의 79.6%이었다. 4) 각종 갑상선기능검사중 131I 갑상선섭취율, 131I 혈청내방사능, T3 시험, PB131I 전화율, BMR 등의 진단적가치를 논하고 각 검사의 정상범위에 대하여 고찰하였다. 5) 갑상선 기능항진증예 545명에 대한 131I의 완치율은 초회에 68.3%, 2회에 92.3%이었으며 1회 투여량은 6mC가 가장 많았다. 6) 131I 투여$quot; Over the past 6 years, from May 1960 to June 1966, 1,716 patients with various diseases of thyroid were examined and thyroid function tests with 131I were done. Among them, 545 patients with hyperthyroidism were treated with (131)^I. A summary of the clinical data of the (131)^I-thyroid function tests and the therapeutic results of (131)^I were presented and discussed. 1) The patients examined consisted of;596 cases (34.7%) with toxic diffuse goiter, 412 cases (24.0%) with non-toxic nodular goiter, 278 cases (16.2%) with euthyroidism, 236 cases (13.8%) with non-toxic diffuse goiter, 89 cases (5.2%) with hypothyroidism, 53 cases (3.1%) with toxic nodular goiter, 32 cases (1.9%) with thyroiditis and 20 cases (1.2%) with dyshormonogenesis. 2) There were 218 (12.7%) male patients and 1,498 (87.3%) female patients, showing a ratio of 1:6.9, female predominantly. 3) The majority of patients (79.6%) were in the 3rd through 5th decades of their lives showing the peak in the 4th decades (35.9%). 4) The diagnostic values and normal ranges of (131)^I uptake test, 48 hour serum activity, T3 red blood cell uptake and PB131I conversion ratio were discussed. 5) An attention was given to dyshormonogenesis, a qualitative hypothyroidism, due to its characteristic findings of clinical and (131)^I thyroid function tests, and its pathogenesis was briefly reviewed. 6) Among 545 patients with hyperthyroidism treated with (131)^I, 68.3% was cured after single therapeutic dose and another 24.0% was cured after second dose. 7) The complications of (131)^I therapy were discussed in some details and myxedema had developed in 3.9% of our cases. No thyroid cancer was found after (131)^I therapy.