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        Developing a Korean Language Measure of Generalized Expectancies for Negative Mood Regulation

        Jack Mearns,Jae Hwang Park,Salvatore J Catanzaro 한국상담학회 2013 Journal of Asia Pacific counseling Vol.3 No.1

        Negative mood regulation expectancies (NMRE) represent people`s confidence that, when they are in an unpleasant mood, they will be capable of improving that mood. Catanzaro and Mearns (1990) created the NMR Scale to measure NMRE. Evidence for the cross-cultural validity of NMRE is provided by translations of the NMR Scale into European and Asian languages. The current paper presents two studies assessing the reliability and preliminary validity of a new Korean-language NMR Scale (the NMR-K). The NMR-K was created following an emic approach that went beyond literal translation. Initially 60 items were tested, including Korean translations of the original 30-item American NMR Scale, as well as Korean translations of 19 items created for Japanese and Chinese language NMR Scales. Finally, 11 new items were written to assess methods of regulating moods that may be especially relevant to Korean culture. Over 1,700 Korean college students completed the NMR-K and measures of mood, adjustment and socially desirable responding. Psychometric analyses suggested 30 items should be retained; the resulting scale had a Cronbach`s alpha of .90. The 30-item NMR-K correlated positively with happiness, life satisfaction and positive affect. It correlated negatively with depression, suicidal ideation, negative affect and symptoms of psychopathology. The NMR-K correlated significantly but modestly with social desirability. These results support the reliability and preliminary validity of the NMR-K as a measure of NMRE in South Korea and provide further evidence for the cross-cultural validity of the NMRE construct.

      • Imaging of Interlayer Coupling in van der Waals Heterostructures Using a Bright-Field Optical Microscope

        Alexeev, Evgeny M.,Catanzaro, Alessandro,Skrypka, Oleksandr V.,Nayak, Pramoda K.,Ahn, Seongjoon,Pak, Sangyeon,Lee, Juwon,Sohn, Jung Inn,Novoselov, Kostya S.,Shin, Hyeon Suk,Tartakovskii, Alexander I. American Chemical Society 2017 Nano letters Vol.17 No.9

        <P>Vertically stacked atomic layers from different layered crystals can be held together by van der Waals forces, which can be used for building novel heterostructures, offering a platform for developing a new generation of atomically thin, transparent, and flexible devices. The performance of these devices is critically dependent on the layer thickness and the interlayer electronic coupling, influencing the hybridization of the electronic states as well as charge and energy transfer between the layers. The electronic coupling is affected by the relative orientation of the layers as well as by the cleanliness of their interfaces. Here, we demonstrate an efficient method for monitoring interlayer coupling in heterostructures made from transition metal dichalcogenides using photoluminescence imaging in a bright-field optical microscope. The color and brightness in such images are used here to identify mono- and few-layer crystals and to track changes in the interlayer coupling and the emergence of interlayer excitons after thermal annealing in heterobilayers composed of mechanically exfoliated flakes and as a function of the twist angle in atomic layers grown by chemical vapor deposition. Material and crystal thickness' sensitivity of the presented imaging technique makes it a powerful tool for characterization of van der Waals heterostructures assembled by a wide variety of methods, using combinations of materials obtained through mechanical or chemical exfoliation and crystal growth.</P>

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