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Zhenlu Cai,Xiaoxuan Hu,Ruolan Tan,Yunran Feng,Meiqi Sun,Ning Ma,Xingxing Li,Li Huang,Jing An,Qian Ge,Haixia Lu 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2019 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.15 No.4
Backgrounds: Previous studies were mainly focused on the effect of catechins and caffeine, the main pharmacological ingredients of green tea. However, the ordinary way of taking green tea is by drinking the tea water. Hence the benefits of water extractives of green tea were investigated in the current study. Methods: H2O2 was applied to induce the oxidative stress on PC12 cells. The neuroprotective effects of green tea against oxidative stress were determined by observing the biological behaviors of PC12 cells. Results: With the pre-treatment of light green tea, the survival and proliferation of oxidative stressed PC12 cells were significantly enhanced. H2O2 induced PC12 cell apoptosis was completely reversed. Consistently, the expression of JNK was up-regulated while the caspase-3 was down-regulated. Conclusion: These results suggested that drinking green tea, particularly the light green tea, performed neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress.
Hsien Xiong Lee,Audrey Yeo,Cai Ning Tan,Suzanne Yew,Laura Tay,Yew Yoong Ding,Wee Shiong Lim 대한노인병학회 2021 Annals of geriatric medicine and research Vol.25 No.3
Background: While sarcopenia and frailty independently contribute to functional impairment and disability, the combined impact resulting from their interplay is unclear. We investigated if functional, physical, cognitive, and nutritional measures were more adversely affected in community-dwelling older adults who were screened positive for both frailty and sarcopenia. Methods: Using the FRAIL (≥1) and SARC-F (Strength, Assistance with walking, Rising from a chair, Climbing stairs, and Falls) (≥1) scales for screening, we categorized 200 participants (age, 67.9±7.9 years) as combined (both positive, 12.5%), intermediate (either positive, 25.5%), or robust (both negative, 62%). Results: Comparisons of the three groups showed that the combined group had significantly worse functional ability (Frenchay Activities Index and Modified Barthel Index), physical performance (knee extension, gait speed, and Short Physical Performance Battery score), cognition/mood (Chinese Mini-Mental State Examination [CMMSE] score and Geriatric Depression Scale), and nutrition (Mini Nutritional Assessment [MNA] score) (p<0.05, one-way analysis of variance). Post-hoc comparisons revealed similar findings between the combined and robust groups, except for knee extension and CMMSE scores. Only MNA scores were significantly lower between the intermediate and robust groups. Conclusion: Functional ability, physical performance, and nutrition were more adversely affected in our study population of community-dwelling older adults who screened positive for both frailty and sarcopenia than in those who screened positive for either or neither, supporting the use of community screening for early detection and intervention for both frailty and sarcopenia as opposed to either alone.
Herb Howard C. Hernandez,Eng Hui Ong,Louise Heyzer,Cai Ning Tan,Faezah Ghazali,Daphne Zihui Yang,Hee-Won Jung,Noor Hafizah Ismail,Wee Shiong Lim 대한노인병학회 2022 Annals of geriatric medicine and research Vol.26 No.2
Background: The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) is a well-established functional assessment tool used for the screening and assessment of frailty and sarcopenia. However, the SPPB requires trained staff experienced in conducting the standardized protocol, which may limit its widespread use in clinical settings. The automated SPPB (eSPPB) was developed to address this potential barrier; however, its validity among frail older adults remains to be established. Therefore, this exploratory study compared the eSPPB and manual SPPB in patients attending a tertiary fall clinic in relation to their construct validity, reliability, and agreement.Methods: We studied 37 community-dwelling older adults (mean age, 78.5±6.8 years; mean FRAIL score, 1.2±1.0; 65% pre-frail) attending a tertiary falls clinic. The participants used the mSPPB and eSPPB simultaneously. We evaluated the convergent validity, discriminatory ability, reliability, and agreement using partial correlation adjusted for age and sex, an SPPB cutoff of ≤8 to denote sarcopenia, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), and Bland-Altman plots, respectively.Results: The eSPPB showed strong correlations with the mSPPB (r=0.933, p<0.01) and Berg Balance Scale (r=0.869, p<0.01), good discriminatory ability for frailty and balance, and good to excellent reliability (ICC=0.94; 95% confidence interval, 0.88–0.97). The Bland-Altman plots indicated good agreement with the mSPPB (mean difference, -0.2; 95% confidence interval, -3.2–2.9) without evidence of systematic or proportional biases.Conclusion: The results of our exploratory study corroborated the construct validity, reliability, and agreement of the eSPPB with the mSPPB in a small sample of predominantly pre-frail older adults with increased fall risk. Future studies should examine the scalability and feasibility of the widespread use of the eSPPB for frailty and sarcopenia assessment.