A content analysis of the difference in critical perception of English and American critics of the ambiguous homoerotic elements in Herman Melville's "Billy Budd, Sailor (An Inside Narrative)"

Brown, Roger New York University 2002 해외박사(DDOD)

The dissertation begins with the evolution of the 1962 Sealts Reading and Genetic text of <italic>Billy Budd, Sailor</italic> (<italic>An Inside Narrative</italic>). The critical and social context is discussed in which, Brown feels, there is a multiplicity of response to the homoerotic. Brown's thematic statement is this: “It is the contention of this study that there is a core element of Melville's work that has been overlooked, ignored or denied, yet discerned and felt by an increasing number of critics, which, if acknowledged would make a meaningful difference in our view of his work” (14). The bulk of this work, Chapter IV THE ESSAYS, is devoted to an analyzation of thirty-six critiques, by twenty-seven American critics, and nine English critics, all of whom confront, in one way or another and to a greater of lesser degree, the ambiguous homoerotic element in <italic>Billy Budd</italic>. These homoerotic elements are presented in Sub-Problem 4, and are culled from the critical literature of the field and from the writer's own response. The reader response theories of Louise Rosenblatt, “the lived through experience of the text,” are central to the study and underlie the interpretation in Chapter IV and the summarization of Chapter V. The method employed in the analyzation of the essays is based on MIDD, The Modes of Inquiry Discourse Descriptors, developed by Carl P. Schmidt and modified by the writer. These “descriptors” or “categories” are ways in which the critic focuses his attention and that which he focuses it upon. The first half of each essay is a compilation of sentences from the critique that demonstrate a particular category. Reading these sentences a reader gets a sense of the article and of the critics stance. The second half of each essay is an interpretation of the sentences compiled and the critic's approach to the homoerotic elements. The total number of critical responses in each category are tabulated in The Appendices and the results are used to aid in the discussion of the English and American difference.

Numerical calculations of quantum field theories on the continuum

Emirdag, Pinar Brown University 2002 해외박사(DDOD)

Source Galerkin technique is an alternative numerical method developed by Garcìa, Guralnik, and Lawson at Brown. It is not based on any statistical methods and has controllable errors. It also has the advantage that it can be used in a continuum formulation. This new method promises an increase in accuracy and speed of calculations. In this method, we treat field theory with the presence of external sources. The functional relations become a set of coupled differential equations for the generating functional <italic>Z</italic>. Source Galerkin is used to solve these equations for the Green's functions of the theory. According to this technique, the set of the residuals and the test functions are required to be orthogonal with respect to some inner product. The test functions that we are using are polynomials that consists of source terms and preserve the group symmetry of the problem. Symmetries of translation and reflection invariance are used in constructing the solution. A good choice of the test functions and the initial guess speeds the convergence to the result. The accuracy of the approximation can be judged by measuring its numerical stability and convergence. An exact solution can be obtained as the number of test functions increases. This sort of techniques for solving sets of differential equations are known as Galerkin methods. Application of this method to various field theories are investigated. Quantities such as mass gap and β function are calculated. The results are compared to the results in the literature.

Power, perceptions and the social contexts of low-income adolescents' technology use

Brown, Tara Marie Harvard University 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

In U.S. society, there are strong beliefs about the benefits of technology to both learning and social progress (Selfe, 1999; Brown-L'Bahy, 2002). This, in combination with the assertion that technology use is now "a prerequisite for the most desirable jobs, and access to the new technology is every child's democratic right," has precipitated the virtual saturation of computer technologies in U.S. public schools (Marx, 1999). There exists great optimism that technology use does or will enhance academic achievement as well as the future socioeconomic success of youth, particularly those from marginalized groups (i.e. poor people and people of color) (Mossberger, Tolbert et al., 2003; Warschauer, 2003). Young people continue to use new technologies in growing numbers, in multiple facets of their lives, but knowledge about the effects of that use is relatively thin. The majority of studies on their use focus on specific, school-based activities. Beyond the findings of these relatively isolated interventions, little is known about the impact of new technologies on the lives of youth. This is due to the dearth of research on youth's every day experiences of technology use, both inside and outside of school, as well as a neglect of youth's own perspectives. As pointed out by Buckingham (2000), research on youth's technology use "has been conducted over the heads of the children themselves" and thus, "we know very little about how children perceive, interpret and use these new media" (Buckingham, 2000, p. 7). Addressing these gaps in knowledge is vital in order to better understand the present and future significance of young people's technology use. This study investigated how new technologies were used in an urban public high school. It largely focuses on students' uses, how they understand significance of those uses for themselves and others, as well as the relationships between their uses and understandings and the contexts in which they use ICT. The questions guiding this research were: (1) In what ways do students and staff at an urban, public high school use ICT in school, and-out of-school contexts, such as classrooms, computer labs, libraries, workplaces, after school programs, and home? (2) How do participants understand the significance of ICT use for themselves and others? and (3) In what ways do participants' understandings relate to the contexts in which they use ICT?. Data for this study was gathered primarily through questionnaires, interviews, and observations. Data analysis was informed by a conceptual framework focusing on the uses, understandings, and multiple social contexts of participants' technology use. This study highlights the everyday experiences and perceptions of participants, from their own perspectives, in order to understand how contextual factors shape the ways in which they use and understand ICT. Ultimately, this study sought better understandings of how new technologies can be used, both inside and outside of school, to enhance adolescents' educational experiences as well as the quality of their lives. Though findings are not generalizable to other schools, nor to high school seniors in general, given the dearth of data on this topic, this study has the potential to make a significant contribution to understandings of the ways in which students develop technological literacy. Better conceptualizations of how and why young people use ICT and the significance of those uses, across contexts and from students' own perspectives, can help to inform school practices of technology use.

A history of the Korea mission, Presbyterian Church, U.S. from 1892 to 1962

Brown UMI 1990 국내박사

Saturation problem for affine Kac-Moody algebras

Brown, Merrick The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 2014 해외박사(DDOD)

This thesis is a study of the saturated tensor cones of the affine Kac-Moody algebras A1(1) and A2(2). In general, we show that the occurrence of certain components in the tensor product of two highest weight integrable representations implies the occurrence of other components. For A1(1) and A2 (2), we are able to prove the occurrence of enough components to explicitly determine the saturated tensor cone and saturation factors. Moreover, in these two cases, we show that the saturated tensor cone is given by the inequalities conjectured in Brown-Kumar.

PHYSICIAN KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, AND PRACTICE REGARDING ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH HAZARDS: LAY VS. PROFESSIONAL INTERACTION IN A TOXIC WASTE SETTING (LAY PROFESSIONAL INTERACTION, PHYSICIAN EDUCATION)

KELLEY, JUDITH KIRWAN BROWN UNIVERSITY. 1999 해외박사

Browning의 詩에 나타난 예술관

정한기 韓國外國語大學校 1989 국내석사

Symphonic Poems for Wind Ensemble

Brown, Kyle W The Florida State University ProQuest Dissertation 2023 해외박사(DDOD)

Symphonic Poems is a collection of two movements Arcadian Flair (06:30) and The Wing of a Lark (8:30) written for wind ensemble. For inspiration, I looked to notable composers John Corigliano, John Mackey, Adam Schoenberg, and Joseph Schwantner. This work was written in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Music from Florida State University.Inspired by the sounds of video games, Arcadian Flair is meant to represent the childhood wonder of a video arcade. Post-minimalist in style, the work incorporates fun, exciting textures, and grooving bass lines reminiscent of many video game soundtracks. Arcadian Flair is comprised of 3 main sections: 2 sections drawing on similar motives followed by a coda. The harmonic structure was systematically constructed through chaining together diatonic pentachords. These pentachords were ordered to create the sharp chromatic modulations between tonal centers of the first two sections. The coda features a chromatic sequence alternating suspended chords with inverted major triads while a slow melody provides contrast to the rapid texture that brings the movement to a climatic close.The Wing of a Lark is inspired by a simple 6 note motive [C-B-C-G-G-E] borrowed from a good friend of mine JaRon Brown. This motive is interwoven into most musical aspects of the movement. The motive itself serves as a melody and is fragmented into various ostinato. The intervallic content informed much of the harmonic nature by incorporating the half-step as sudden harmonic shifts and fifths as quintal harmony. The movement is comprised of many short contrasting sections that form a loose narrative of a bird in flight. Larks are birds that sound like they are singing while in flight, thus much of the melodic content is short & fragmented, has a wide range, or comprises of fast rhythms as a bird call might. Over the course of the movement one can hear a rise and fall, often occurring at different rates, meant to depict how a bird may fly in the various air streams in the sky. .

From equivalence to equity: Myths of equality in American letters

Emerson, Amanda Marie Brown University 2004 해외박사(DDOD)

Texts written in the US between the Revolutionary and Civil wars construct the nation, "America," around an inwardly conflicted and socially contested myth of equality. This dissertation shows how that instability itself functioned as a means to unify the new nation. Chapter 1 explains the inheritance of ambiguous notions of equality from a British natural rights tradition and how those notions split in early America between conceptions of an idealistic equivalence (sameness) and a more pragmatic equity (impartially assigned difference). Chapter 2 observes how early Americans preserve a sense of themselves as defined by equality despite evidence to the contrary in the form of immigration, war, and disease. From Crevecoeur's homogeneous "competence" to the dangerous leveling of Charles Brockden Brown's 1790s Philadelphia: American texts register a change in emphasis in the national myth from equivalence to equity. Chapter 3 observes how the trend toward equity---an equality based on the presumption of difference---informs fictional Barbary captivity narratives by Royall Tyler and Susanna Rowson. These tales dramatize how all whites are equal in their inner proclivity for freedom. Proof of this collective equality depends on the erasure of the black slave and the displacement of slavery from North America to North Africa. The chapter ends with Leatherstocking's vernacular philosophy of gifts in James Fenimore Cooper's Deerslayer. Gifts name those natural endowments of color that distinguish "whites" and "reds" and, crucially, justify their living according to different but equal ethical imperatives. Chapter 4 describes how white women writers in the early to mid-nineteenth century confront excesses of equivalence and equity in the laws of coverture and in the discourse of "separate spheres." To imagine ideal womanhood as a multiple rather than a unitary possibility---and thus head off coverture---Catharine Sedgwick's Hope-Leslie looks backward to imagine ideal womanhood in several possible forms. Margaret Fuller's Woman in the Nineteenth Century opens the possibility that women might stand both inside and outside gender and anticipates the union of the myth of equality with a liberal ideal. Resilient in the face of contradiction, the myth of equality will continue to inform national self-image.

Essentially Shimmering: Contemporary Poetics at the Edges of Materialism

Simon, Emily ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Brown University 2022 해외박사(DDOD)

prelude | what is essentially shimmeringEarly in her azure-saturated, poetic treatise Bluets, contemporary writer Maggie Nelson enumerates various ambient factors that are enmeshed with our perception of a seemingly self-contained and self-evident quality like color:Try, if you can, not to talk as if colors emanated from a single physical phenomenon. Keep in mind the effects of all the various surfaces, volumes, light-sources, films, expanses, degrees of solidity, solubility, temperature, elasticity, on color. Think of an object’s capacity to emit, reflect, absorb, transmit, or scatter light; think of “the operation of light on a feather.” Ask yourself, what is the color of a puddle? Is your blue sofa still blue when you stumble past it on your way to the kitchen for water in the middle of the night; is it still blue if you don’t get up, and no one enters the room to see it? (20).Nelson entreats readers to eschew our customary, facile sense of “color” as an isolable, singular, and determinate property of an object—what anthropologist Michael Taussig calls “the spot-of-color-on-the-page idea of color”—in favor of the illimitable “operation of light on a feather” or the indiscernible, inconstant hue of a “puddle” (249). Framed by these protean phenomena, “color” is evidently not something, but rather a luminous and ongoing effect, a processual coloring. And so, we recognize the impossibility of answering her question about the color of a puddle not only because we can pretty fairly say that a puddle (and which puddle?) does not have a single color—it may be bright blue or dark grey, shining silver or muddy brown—but because these different hues also indicate the way in which the quality of color more intimately constellates, and expresses, a welter of interlocking and shifting physical and perceptual factors. “What is the color of a puddle” also means: Is the puddle cloudy or translucent? Gleaming or matte? Shallow or deep? Surface tension, the weather, temperature, shade all converge and conspire in the articulation of this momentary tone.Such a luminously imbricated vision of color makes it hard to say for certain what, exactly, the color in question is. Later in this same section of Bluets, Nelson frames the historical development of chromatic schema (color wheels, palettes, etc) as a retroactive effort to resolve this constitutive undecidability: to make sense, she writes, out “of what is essentially shimmering” (20). In this particular instance, “what is essentially shimmering” refers the way that colors cannot be stabilized into a singular, ineluctable hue (like blue), but are rather perpetually gradated by variations in all of the different factors that Nelson lists (light, solidity, texture, perspective). At the same time, the case of color gestures to a more general indistinction between the physical and the phenomenal that animates the poetry and thought around which my dissertation revolves. This indistinction is what is encompassed by the gorgeously paradoxical notion of the “essentially shimmering,” or the sense in which the materiality of a thing (and especially of a surface) is inextricably bound up with and modulated by fluctuations in time and perception. Nelson’s formulation of this dynamic claims as an intrinsic, perdurable attribute (the “essential”) a phenomenon that is contingent, superficial, and mercurial (“shimmering”). That is, to be essentially shimmering is to exist at the uneasy or impossible intersection of a received distinction between a thing’s material reality or facticity and what would seem to be its mere appearance, those transient sensations interposed by the film of subjectivity or passing angles of light.1 It insinuates a materialism that at the same time verges on the immaterial.