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Park, Boyoung,Jung, Kyu-Won,Oh, Chang-Mo,Choi, Kui Son,Suh, Mina,Jun, Jae Kwan Williams & Wilkins Co 2015 Medicine Vol.94 No.41
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>To compare the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection over a 10-year period in terms of population-level trends, we established hypothetical birth cohorts that represented each 10-year interval age group.</P><P>We used data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys conducted between 1998 to 2001 and 2008 to 2011. Trends in the HBV infection were calculated using data from individuals aged 20 to 59 years in 1998 to 2001 and those aged 30 to 69 years in 2008 to 2011.</P><P>In 2008 to 2011, the prevalence of HBV infection, as measured using serum HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) seroprevalence, among participants aged 30 to 69 years was 4.2% (95% CI = 3.7–4.7%), which represents a 1.3% absolute change and 20% change in prevalence ratio, which was significant compared with the prevalence among those aged 20 to 59 years in 1998 to 2001 (5.5%, 95% CI = 4.7–6.3%). The prevalence of HBV infection decreased most in the lowest income group, with marginal significance in males (<I>P</I> = 0.06) and significance in females (<I>P</I> = 0.03). In terms of education, females with at least a high school education showed a significant decrease (<I>P</I> = 0.03).</P><P>Using a birth cohort approach, the prognosis for HBV infection in terms of death or hospitalization, or resolution upon antiviral treatment of their HBV infections, identified by a decrease in the HBsAg seroprevalence was worse in the lower income group and in females with higher education. We postulate that these socioeconomic inequalities were caused by alcohol consumption, disparities in liver cancer surveillance, and access to antiviral treatment because of cost and reimbursement guidelines.</P>
Post Trauma: Re-imagining Korean Political History with Photography
Boyoung Chang 미술사학연구회 2016 美術史學報 Vol.- No.46
This paper analyzes how contemporary Korean photographers reconstruct the turbulent political history of Korea. How can photography narrate historical events that have ended or could not be witnessed? If photographers re-interpret existing history, what is their reason, and what facilitated them? How is their use of the medium different from previous generations? This research addresses various ways that contemporary photographers utilize the medium to affect the way people remember and narrate history. Despite their disparate subject matters and styles, what unites them is that their creative re-interpretation of the country’s key postwar moments is at the core of work. They abandoned an iconic function that photographic representation of atrocity is believed to have. Avoiding a symbolic image that stands for the whole, they demonstrate that much can remain oblique, hidden, or even twist commonly held assumptions. Evidential power that anchors the medium to reality is adjusted by photographers’ aesthetic interpretations to engage the viewer’s imagination. While nothing iconic or spectacular is presented, heroic mythicization is absent as well. Furthermore, they involve the history of photography and critically examine the way of representing historical events with photographic medium. In the history of Korean photography, its huge transition reflects the country’s transformation into a cosmopolitan identity in the late 1980s. Demonstrating the cultural expansion, they not only gained knowledge of global photography, but also applied it to their own work.. By examining their works, this paper proposes a new frame for understanding history as construction, as well as another way to understand contemporary Korean photography.