토양에서 Napropamide의 흡착과 이동

라덕관,박상숙,김유봉,허동균 순천대학교 공업기술연구소 1998 工業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.12 No.-

This study was to investigate the adsorption and movement of Napropamide in soil. In order to find out the adsorption and movement characteristics of Napropamide in soils of sand loam (soil A), silt clay(soil B), and loam (soil C), batch and column tests were performed with respect to shaking time variation, adsorption isotherm, and breakthrough curve. The shaking time to reach the adsorption equlibrium of Napropamide was 12 hours. Freundlich isotherm was fit for the adsorption of Napropamide in soils. soil B had the highest adsorption coefficient of Napropamide, soil Ca and B followed at adsorption isotherm. The slope of breakthrough curve of soil A had the steep, soil C and soil B followed at the adsorption curve. The moving velocity of Napropamide in soils was the lowest of soil B because of its highest adsorption of Napropamide.

섬진강수계의 이화학적 수질특성

라덕관,김유봉,허동균 순천대학교 공업기술연구소 1997 工業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.11 No.-

In order to investigate the physicochemical water quality in Seomjin river basin, water quality analysis was undertaken at 11 sites in the main river and side stream from March 1996 to Fab. 1997. The concentration of BOD, SS, DO, T-N, T-P, and E. coli were 0.4~2.6mg/ℓ, 1.0~24.5mg/ℓ, 6.0~13.8mg/ℓ, 0.218~2.928mg/ℓ, 0.002~0.098mg/ℓ, and 15~500MPN/100㎖, respectively. Heavy metals were not detected in sampling sites. The lower parts of Yo-cheon is the most polluted stream among the main river and side stream in Seomjin river basin. In Seomjin river basin, annual average pollution loads in ton/year were estimated to be 1,660.32 of BOD, 6,151.86 of SS, 1,421.80 of T-N, and 28.91 of T-P. It was found that Seomjin river basin was not polluted to any troublesome level for water supply, industrial, irrigation and fishery purposes.

SIFT-MS를 이용한 울산지역 대기 중 휘발성유기화합물질 농도분포 특성

유봉관(Bong-gwan Yu),탁경학(Kyung-hak Tak),이동욱(Dong-wook Lee) 대한환경공학회 2022 대한환경공학회지 Vol.44 No.11

목적 : 산업단지에서 배출되는 유해대기오염물질은 인근 주거지역까지 영향을 미치므로 사업장의 배출시설 관리가 필요하다. 방법 : SIFT-MS를 이용하여 도심지역, 비도심지역, 공단지역을 대상으로 대기 중 휘발성유기화합물질의 농도분포를 파악하였다. 결과 및 토의 : 울산 대기 중 주요 VOCs의 연평균농도 분포는 공업지역인 여천동 지점이 가장 높았고, 도심지역의 경우 남풍 또는 남동풍이 부는 하절기 기상 특성에 의해 공단의 영향을 많이 받고 있다. 그리고 공업지역인 여천동지점은 주간보다 야간의 농도가 높게 나타났다. 결론 : 공업지역의 배출시설 관리 및 VOCs에 대한 장기적인 모니터링이 지속적으로 필요하다. Objectives : Hazardous air pollutants emitted from industrial complexes also affect neighboring residential areas, so it is necessary to manage the emission facilities of the workplace. Methods : Using SIFT-MS, the concentration distribution of volatile organic compounds in the air was identified in urban areas, non-urban areas, and industrial complex areas. Results and Discussion : The distribution of the annual average concentration of major VOCs in Ulsan was highest in Yeocheon-dong, an industrial area, and in the case of urban areas, the industrial complex is highly influenced by the summer weather characteristics with south or southeast winds. And the Yeocheon-dong, which is an industrial area, showed a higher concentration at nighttime than daytime. Conclusion : Management of emission facilities in industrial areas and long-term monitoring of VOCs are continuously needed.

Fermentation of Korean red ginseng by Lactobacillus plantarum M-2 and its immunological activities.

Kim, Bong-Gwan,Shin, Kwang-Soon,Yoon, Taek Joon,Yu, Kwang-Won,Ra, Kyung Soo,Kim, Jin Man,Kim, Sun Young,Suh, Hyung Joo Humana Press 2011 Applied biochemistry and biotechnology Vol.165 No.5

<P>We investigated ginsenoside transformation by fermentation of red ginseng with Lactobacillus plantarum M-2. We also examined the anti-metastasis and immune-stimulating activities of EtOH extracts of fermented red ginseng (FRG-E) in animal and human subjects. Total sugar decreased from 85.5 mg mL(-1) to 44.1 mg mL(-1) with increasing culture time during the fermentation with L. plantarum M-2. Uronic acid content reached a maximum level (534.3 μg mL(-1)) at 3 days of fermentation and decreased thereafter. Ginsenoside metabolites increased from 4,637.0 to 7,581.1 μg mL(-1) after 4 days. The prophylactic intraperitoneal injection of FRG-E (500 μg mouse(-1)) inhibited lung metastasis about 81.1%, while the inhibitory effect against tumor metastasis by treatment of EtOH extract from non-fermented red ginseng (NFRG-E) was 66.9%. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) and G (IgG) levels in the serum of healthy subjects were higher after FRG-E administration than at baseline, whereas NFRG-E induced reductions of these variables related to immunity. At 1 week, the change in IgA level by FRG-E (5.14 mg mL(-1)) was significantly higher than that by NFRG-E (-14.50 mg mL(-1); p < 0.05). It was concluded that the immunological activities of FRG-E were higher than those of NFRG-E, indicating that fermentation helped enhance the immunological activities of red ginseng.</P>

대나무 군락에서의 대기와 식물간의 CO₂ 교환량에 관한 연구

김유봉 ( Yu-bong Kim ),라덕관 ( Deog-gwan Ra ),정상철 ( Sang-cheol Jeong ) 한국환경기술학회 2010 한국환경기술학회지 Vol.11 No.2

2003년도 4월부터 12월까지 일본 오사카 쓰이타에 위치한 대나무 군락에서 탄소수지를 측정하기 위하여 CO₂를 측정하였다. 토양호흡속도와 토양온도(5cm)의 변화에 관계가 있었으며, 그 변화는 지수적 변화의 특성을 나타냈다. 이것은 여름 중 수분스트레스로서, 우수에 따른 토양함수량 변화이고 사료된다. 뿌리에서의 CO₂의 토양흡수율은 전체 토양흡수률에서 약 76.9 %를 추정되었다. 강우가 크게 기인하여 죽순의 성장이 매우 빠르기 때문에 죽순의 성장기간 동안에 토양흡수율은 매우 높게 나타났다. 대나무 군락에서 2003년 5월부터 11월(8월 제외)까지 過相關法에 의해 측정한 생태계 CO₂ 변화량은 25.2[mol m^-2] (흡수)로 나타났다. 그 결과, 대나무 군락에서의 CO₂의 매우 높게 흡수하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. Carbon budget was measured continuously at a bamboo community located in Suita, Osaka from April to December in 2003. Soil respiration rate was exponentially related to soil temperature at 5cm, however, the relationship showed a large variance. Reasons of the variance were found to be water stress of plant in summer, variation of soil water content and rain water filling in soil pore. Spatial variation of soil respiration rate among the observation points was related to density of root and underground stem. Fraction of root and underground stem respiration was estimated 76.9% of the total soil respiration. Soil respiration rate including a bamboo shoot was strongly related to rainfall events and growth of the shoot, and was larger than that without bamboo shoots. Total net ecosystem exchange measured by the eddy covariance methods was 25.2mol m^-2 (absorption) from May to November excluding August. The result showed that a great deal of CO₂ was absorbed in the bamboo community.

마이크로웨이브가 부가된 광촉매에 의한 메틸렌블루의 분해

김유봉(Yu Bong Kim),조아라(A-Ra Jo),라덕관(Deog Gwan Ra),박재현(Jae Hyeon Park),김선재(Sun Jae Kim),정상철(Sang Chul Jung) 大韓環境工學會 2008 대한환경공학회지 Vol.30 No.8

실내모형실험에 의한 다층토양모델의 타당성 연구

김유봉 ( Yu-bong Kim ),라덕관 ( Deog-gwan Ra ),정상철 ( Sang-chul Jung ) 한국환경기술학회 2011 한국환경기술학회지 Vol.12 No.2

본 연구에서 실내모형실험 및 다층토양모델의 적용에 의해 대기와 토양표면간의 열 및 수분의 상호유송관계를 검토하였다. 단열된 칼럼(직경: 200mm, 높이: 650mm) 내에 토양(모래: 16.0%, 실트: 33.8%, 점토: 50.2%)을 충진하여, 토양 내부의 수분Potential, 온도센서를 삽입하였고, 외부조건는 풍속, 일사 및 온도 조건을 측정할 수 있는 모형실험장치를 제작하였다. 각 토양 파라메타는 경험식에 의해 산출하였지만, 토양수분Potential, 투수계수, 열전도는 모형실험장치에서 측정하였다. 외부조건으로서 일사는 일정한 155Wm^-2, 풍속는 0.5ms^-1로 설정하였다. 실험기간동안의 모형실험내부의 공기온도는 10~15℃이었다. 토양온도 및 수분량의 측정은 30, 45, 60, 100, 160, 260, 460, 650mm의 깊이의 위치에서 연속측정을 하였다. 측정결과와 시뮬레이션의 비교한 결과, 지표면온도는 11~13.5 ℃의 범위, 토양 내 최상단층의 체적함수량은 0.296 ~ 0.308m³m^-3으로 잘 일치하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 토양으로부터 공기 중으로의 단위평균증발량은 1.5×10^-5kgm^-2s^-1로 나타났다. The transport process of heat and water between air and soil surface was studied by a laboratory experiment and a one-dimensional multi-layer soil model. An insulated column (φ:200mm, depth:650mm) packed with soil (sand:16.0%, silt:33.8%, clay:50.2%) was set up in an indoor laboratory. Soil characteristics needed for numerical simulations, such as matric potential, hydraulic and thermal conductivity, were preliminarily measured. Radiation influx to the soil surface was kept at a constant 155Wm^-2and wind speed was set at 0.8ms^-1. Air temperature was 10~15℃ in the 7-days experiment. Temperature and volumetric water content in the soil column at 30, 45, 60, 100, 160, 260, 460, and 650-mm depth were monitored. The experiment and numerical simulation showed that temperature and water content at the surface ranged from 11.5 to 13.5℃ and from 0.296 to 0.308 m³m^-3, respectively, depending on air temperature and humidity. While those at 460-mm depth remained constant at 11.0~12.5℃ and 0.301 ~ 0.308 m³m^-3. The average evaporation flux from soil to air was estimated to be 1.5×10^-5kgm^-2s^-1.

온실가스 저감을 위한 폐식용유의 BDF화에 관한 타당성 평가

김유봉 ( Yu-bong Kim ),라덕관 ( Deog-gwan Ra ),정상철 ( Sang-cheol Jeong ) 한국환경기술학회 2010 한국환경기술학회지 Vol.11 No.1

화석연료 소비에 따른 점차적으로 온실가스인 이산화탄소의 증가에 인하여 전 지구적인 문제인 온난화가 진행되고 있다. 이산화탄소 배출량을 감소하기 위한 하나의 방안으로서 본 연구에서는 폐식용유를 BDF화하기 위하여 순천시의 일반세대와 음식점에서 배출하는 폐식용유의 배출량을 산정하였다. 순천대학교 구내식당에서 배출되는 폐식용유를 이용하여 BDF를 제조하여 폐식용유의 특성을 검토하였다. 배출량의 조사결과에 따르면 2008년도 폐식용유 배출량에서 약 88.9% (1,408kL/yr)가 음식점에서 배출되는 것으로 나타났으며, 일반세대의 경우에는 인구밀도가 높은 덕연동이 4,829L/yr으로 가장 높게 나타났다. 음식점 중에서는 치킨체인점의 배출량이 658kL/yr으로서 가장 높게 나타났다. 원료폐식용유에 대비하여 약50~70%를 생산가능하다는 것으로 나타났다. The burning of fossil fuels over the past century has dramatically increased the levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other “greenhouse gases”that trap heat in our atmosphere. In this study, BDF((bio-diesel fuel) is made from the waste frying oil so we reduce greenhouse gas. The emission of waste frying oil was calculated from the survey of usage cooking oil of household and food work in Suncheon city. Transesterification of waste frying oil emitted restaurant of Sunchon National University investigated to produce BDF so the quality of BDF investigate. Survey results, when it follows the total emission of waste frying oil in 2008, the emission of the restaurants with 1,408[kL/yr] appeared with about 88.9% of total emission of waste frying oil in Suncheon. And, the total emission of household was 18759.9[L/yr], the emission rate of Deokyeondong region where the population density is high was the most emissions(4,829L/yr] in Suncheon City. As the emission of food works was 1,408kL/yr, the emission of chicken chain store was most at from year for 658kL/yr. When compared the emission quantity and the production quantity, the rate of BDF production was about 50~70%.

식생Canopy모델을 적용한 대기경계층모델의 시뮬레이션

김유봉 ( Yu-bong Kim ),라덕관 ( Deog-gwan Ra ),정상철 ( Sang-chul Jung ) 한국환경기술학회 2011 한국환경기술학회지 Vol.12 No.3

본 연구에 이용한 대기경계층 수치모델에 지표면 경계층 모델을 0차원 식생모델(Model 1)과 1차원 식생모델(Model 2)을 적용하여 그 정도를 검토하기 위하여 관측데이터와 비교 검토하였다. 일존 Kansa영역(240km×240km, 5km), 계산결과를 다중 Nesting method를 적용하여 Kobe(40km×40km, 5km)을 기상장을 2개의 모델을 이용하여 시뮬레이션을 실시하였다. 고배 지역은 해륙풍에 크게 영향을 받고 있으며, 전형적인 해륙풍이 지배하는 지역이었다. 계산결과와 관측결과(10년간: Kobe, Sanda, Toyonaka, Miki, Kyotanabe)의 풍향풍속을 비교 검토하였다. 낮 시간대에는 두 모델 모두 좋은 상관관계를 보였으나, 밤 시간대에는 모델 1에서 산악지역에서 발달한 육풍이 과대평가되는 경향이 있었다. 이것은 모델 1에서는 단지 조도에 의한 저항만이 고려되었기 때문에 과대평가된 요인이라 사료된다. 하지만, Model 1에서는 식생 내외의 식생저항, 열, 수증기교환을 고려하였기 때문에 모델의 정도성에서 향상되었음을 알 수 있다. In the study, the atmospheric boundary layer model1) was combined with two vegetation models, a zero-dimensional vegetation model(Model1) and a one-dimensional plant canopy model(Model2), which give the surface boundary conditions for the 3-dimensional numerical atmospheric simulations. The models were applied to the Kansai area (240km×240km, 5km), then the nesting technique was applied to give the boundary conditions for the Kobe area(40km×40km, 5km). The Kobe is greatly influenced by the seabreeze. The simulation results of wind vectors was compared with the observed data at Kobe, Sanda, Toyonaka, and Miki for the Kobe area. Both models showed good agreements with the observed data in the daytime. However, Model1 overestimated the wind velocities generated from the mountain in the nighttime. It will be concluded that the 1-dimensional plant canopy model can simulate the complex relationships of the momentum, heat, and water vapor within and above the plant canopy.

가압부상법에 의한 도살장 폐수의 유지분 제거

라덕관,김유봉,허동균,김영규 순천대학교 기초과학연구소 1997 基礎科學硏究誌 Vol.8 No.-

The presence of grease and oil(G&O) in the influent wastes to wastewater treatment facility is one of the most serious problems affecting treatment efficiency. If the slaughterhouse wastewater is contained to G&O, pretreatment is required for G&O removal in wastewater treatment. The dissolved air flotation(DAF) has been shown to be efficient process for G&O removal in the pretreatment process. In order to study the optimal operation conditions for G&O removal, the control factors such as type and concentration of coagulant, ratio of pressurized water flow, and pressure are investigated by bench-scale reactor experiment of DAF. The G&O, COD and TOC removal efficiency of FeCl_3 were the higher than those of Al_2(SO_4)_3. The ratio of pressurized water flow was above 0.4 to take 90% or more removal efficiency of G&O. The best operation conditions obtained were 450㎎/l of FeCl_3 dosage, 0.43 of pressurized water flow and 4㎏/㎠ of pressure. The removal efficiency of G&O, COD, TOC and SS in these conditions were 90%, 76%, 80% and 76%.