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( Daniel J Blackwood ) 한국부식방식학회(구 한국부식학회) 2015 Corrosion Science and Technology Vol.14 No.6
The pitting behaviours of 304L and 316L stainless steels were investigated at 3 °C to 90 °C in 1 M solutions of NaCl, NaBr and NaI by potentiodynamic polarization. The temperature dependences of the pitting potential varied according to the anion, being near linear in bromide but exponential in chloride. As a result, at low temperatures grades 304L and 316L steel are most susceptible to pitting by bromide ions, while at high temperatures both stainless steels were more susceptible to pitting by small chloride anions than the larger bromide and iodide. Thus, increasing temperature appears to favour attack by smaller anions. This paper will attempt to rationalise both of the above findings in terms of the point defect model. Initial findings are that qualitatively this approach can be reasonably successful, but not at the quantitative level, possibly due to insufficient data on the mechanical properties of thin passive films.
Corrosion of Titanium Alloys in High Temperature Seawater
( J. J Pang ),( D. J. Blackwood ) 한국부식방식학회(구 한국부식학회) 2015 Corrosion Science and Technology Vol.14 No.4
Materials of choice for offshore structures and the marine industry have been increasingly favoring materials that offer high strength-to-weight ratios. One of the most promising families of light-weight materials is titanium alloys, but these do have two potential Achilles¡- heels: (i) the passive film may not form or may be unstable in low oxygen environments, leading to rapid corrosion; and (ii) titanium is a strong hydride former, making it vulnerable to hydrogen embrittlement (cracking) at high temperatures in low oxygen environments. Unfortunately, such environments exist at deep sea well-heads; temperatures can exceed 120 ¡ÆC, and oxygen levels can drop below 1 ppm. The present study demonstrates the results of investigations into the corrosion behavior of a range of titanium alloys, including newly developed alloys containing rare earth additions for refined microstructure and added strength, in artificial seawater over the temperature range of 25 ¡ÆC to 200 ¡ÆC. Tests include potentiodynamic polarization, crevice corrosion, and U-bend stress corrosion cracking.
Inhibition of Rebar Corrosion by Carbonate and Molybdate Anions
( Y. T. Tan ),( S. L. Wijesinghe ),( D. J. Blackwood ) 한국부식방식학회(구 한국부식학회) 2017 Corrosion Science and Technology Vol.16 No.4
Bicarbonate/carbonate and molybdate anions have been characterized for their inhibitive effect on pitting corrosion of carbon steel in simulated concrete pore solution by using electrochemical tests such as electrochemical impedance (EIS) and linear polarization (LP). It was revealed that bicarbonate/carbonate has a weak inhibitive effect on pitting corrosion that is approximately one order of magnitude lower compared to hydroxide. Molybdate is effective against pitting corrosion induced by the concentration of chloride as low as 113 mM and can increase the pitting potential of a previously pitted sample to the oxygen evolution potential by the concentration of molybdate as much as 14.6 mM only. The formation of a CaMoO4 film on the surface hinders the reduction of dissolved oxygen on the steel surface, reducing corrosion potential and increasing the safety margin between corrosion potential and pitting potential further. In addition, pore-plugging by FeMoO4 as a type of salt film within pits increases the likelihood of repassivation.
In Vitro Susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Clinical Isolates to Garenoxacin and DA-7867
Vera-Cabrera, Lucio,Castro-Garza, Jorge,Rendon, Adrian,Ocampo-Candiani, Jorge,Welsh, Oliverio,Choi, Sung Hak,Blackwood, Kym,Molina-Torres, Carmen American Society for Microbiology 2005 Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy Vol.49 No.10
<B>ABSTRACT</B><P>The in vitro activities of DA-7867, a novel oxazolidinone, and garenoxacin (BMS-284756) were compared to those of linezolid in 67 susceptible and drug-resistant clinical isolates of <I>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</I>. DA-7867 was the most active drug with an MIC90 of 0.125 μg/ml, compared to the MIC90s of 4 μg/ml of garenoxacin and 2 μg/ml of linezolid.</P>