Management of maxillofacial injuries in bear mauling cases: a review of 20 cases

Indu Bhusan Kar,Prashant Dilip Chopda,Niranjan Mishra,Alok Kumar Sethi,Bikas Ranjan Mahavoi 대한구강악안면외과학회 2016 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.42 No.1

Objectives: As the craniofacial and neck regions are prime areas of injury in bear attacks, the careful management of soft and hard tissue injuries and selection of reconstructive options is of the utmost importance. This study will review the incidence and patterns of bear mauling in eastern India reported to our department and the various modalities used for their treatment over a period of 7 years. It also documents the risks of infection in bear mauling cases and the complications that have occurred. Materials and Methods: Twenty cases were treated over the study period. Cases were evaluated for soft and hard tissue injuries including tissue loss and corresponding management in the craniofacial region. Cases were also evaluated for other associated injuries, organ damage and related complications. Results: Various modalities of treatment were used for the management of victims, ranging from simple primary repairs to free tissue transfers. Simple primary repairs were done in 75% of cases, while the management of the injured victims required reconstruction by local, regional or distant flaps in 25%. Free tissue transfers were performed in 15% of cases, and no cases of wound infection were detected in the course of treatment. Conclusion: Knowledge of various reconstructive techniques is essential for managing maxillofacial injuries in bear mauling cases. Modern reconstructive procedures like free tissue transfer are reliable options for reconstruction with minimal co-morbidity and dramatic improvement in treatment outcomes.

Molecular cloning, sequence characterization and expression analysis of a CD63 homologue from the coleopteran beetle, Tenebrio molitor

Bharat Bhusan Patnaik,Seong Min Kang,Gi Won Seo,Hyo Jeong Lee,Hongray Howrelia Patnaik,Yong Hun Jo,Hamisi Tindwa,Yong Seok Lee,Bok Luel Lee,Nam Jung Kim,In Seok Bang,Yeon Soo Han 한국응용곤충학회 2013 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.10

CD63, a member of tetraspanin membrane protein family, plays pivotal role in cell growth, motility, signal transduction, host-pathogen interactions and cancer. In this work, the cDNA encoding CD63 homologue (TmCD63) was cloned from larvae of coleopteran beetle, Tenebrio molitor. The cDNA is comprised of an open reading frame of 705 bp, encoding putative protein of 235 amino acid residues. In silico analysis shows that the protein has four putative transmembrane domains and one large extracellular loop. The characteristic ‘Cys-Cys-Gly’ motif and ‘Cys188’ residues are highly conserved in the large extracellular loop. Phylogenetic analysis of TmCD63 revealed that they belong to the insect cluster with 50-56% identity. Analysis of spatial expression patterns demonstrated that TmCD63 mRNA is mainly expressed in gut and Malphigian tubules of larvae and the testis of the adult. Developmental expression patterns of CD63 mRNA showed that TmCD63 transcripts are detected in late larval, pupal and adult stages. Interestingly, TmCD63 transcript was upregulated the maximum 4.5 fold in response to DAP-type peptidoglycan during the first 6 h, although other immune elicitors also made significant increase in the transcript level at later time-points. These results suggest that CD63 might contribute to T. molitor immune response against various microbial pathogens.

Formation of Au Particles in Cu2−xICu2IIO3−δ (x ≈ 0.20; δ ≈ 0.10) Oxide Matrix by Sol-Gel Growth

Bidhu Bhusan Das,Kuppan Palanisamy,Potu venugopal,Eesam Sandeep,Karrothu Varun Kumar 대한화학회 2017 대한화학회지 Vol.61 No.1

Formation of Au particles in nonstoichiometric Cu2−x ICu2 IIO3−δ (x ≈ 0.20; δ ≈ 0.10) oxide from aniline + hydrochloric acid mixtures and chloroauric acid in the ratios 30 : 1; 60 : 1; 90 : 1 (S1-S3) by volume and 0.01 mol of copper acetate, Cu(OCOCH3)2.H2O, in each case is performed by sol-gel growth. Powder x-ray diffraction (XRD) results show Au particles are dispersed in tetragonal nonstoichiometric dicopper (I) dicopper (II) oxides, Cu2−x ICu2 IIO3−δ (x ≈ 0.20; δ ≈ 0.10). Average crystallite sizes of Au particles determined using Scherrer equation are found to be in the approximate ranges ~85−140 Å, ~85−150 Å and ~80−150 Å in S1-S3, respectively which indicate the formation of Au nano-micro size particles in Cu2−x ICu2 IIO3−δ (x ≈ 0.20; δ ≈ 0.10) oxides. Hysteresis behaviour at 300 K having low loop areas and magnetic susceptibility values ~ 5.835×10−6 −9.889×10−6 emu/gG in S1-S3 show weakly ferromagnetic nature of the samples. Broad and isotropic electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) lineshapes of S1-S4 at 300, 77 and 8 K having giso-values ~2.053±0.008−2.304±0.008 show rapid spin-lattice relaxation process in magnetic Cu2+ (3d9) sites as well as delocalized electrons in Au (6s1) nano-micro size particles in the Cu2−x ICu2 IIO3−δ (x ≈ 0.20; δ ≈ 0.10) oxides. Broad and weak UV-Vis diffuse reflectance optical absorption band ~725 nm is assigned to 2B1g→ 2A1g transitions, and the weak band ~470 nm is due to 2B1g→ 2Eg transitions from the ground state 2B1g (|dx 2 -y 2>) of Cu2+ (3d9) ions in octahedral coordination having tetragonal distortion.

Transcriptomic Analysis of Endangered Freshwater Mussel Cristaria plicata Provides Valuable Resource for Species Conservation

Bharat Bhusan PATNAIK,Tae Hun WANG,Se Won KANG,Hee Ju HWANG,So Young PARK,Eun Bi PARK,Jong Min CHUNG,Dae Kwon SONG,Changmu KIM,Soonok KIM,Jun Sang LEE,Yeon Soo HAN,Hong Seog PARK,Yong Seok LEE 한국생물공학회 2015 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.10

Silencing of apolipophorin‐III causes abnormal adult morphological phenotype and susceptibility to Listeria monocytogenes infection in Tenebrio molitor

Bharat Bhusan Patnaik,Hongray Howrelia PATNAIK,박기범,조용훈,이용석,한연수 한국곤충학회 2015 Entomological Research Vol.45 No.2

Insect apolipophorin‐III is an exchangeable protein that is abundantly found in the hemolymph, and serves an important role in lipid transport, development, and innate immunity. In this study, we examined the role of apolipophorin‐III (TmapoLp‐III) during the adult eclosion stages of Tenebrio molitor by RNA interference (RNAi) analysis. After silencing of the mRNA transcripts at both larval and pupal stages, adult phenotypic defects were noticed. Defects included the incomplete shedding of pupal skin, shorter extension of the elytra, and improper folding of the hind wings. Most of the adults were malformed and died possibly due to dehydration. We also showed the involvement of TmapoLp‐III in conferring resistance to T. molitor larvae against Listeria monocytogenes infection. Mortality was found to be lower in non‐silenced intoxicated larvae while the TmapoLp‐III silenced larvae showed a significant susceptibility after 7 days post‐injection with a dose of 106 cfu/larvae.

Application of Support Vector Regression for Modeling Low Flow Time Series

Bibhuti Bhusan Sahoo,Ramakar Jha,Anshuman Singh,Deepak Kumar 대한토목학회 2019 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.23 No.2

Hydrologic time series modeling using historical records plays a crucial role in forecasting different hydrological processes. The objective of this study is to analyze the suitability of Support Vector Regression (SVR) for modeling monthly low flows time series for three stations in Mahanadi river basin, India. The ‘low flow’ threshold was taken as the Q75 discharge, i.e., the flow is equal to or surpassed for the duration of 75% of the observation period which was obtained from the daily discharge data. The potential applicability of SVR model is assessed with two different framework models (ANN-ELM, GPR) based on various statistical measures (r2, RMSE, MAE, Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient, objective function (OBJ), Scatter Index (SI) and BIAS). The model selection was based on lowest OBJ value for each station amongst three models (SVR, ANN-ELM, GPR). The SVR model was trained using the Radial Basis Function (RBF). Using the same inputs, the other two models (ANN-ELM and GPR) was also tested. From results, among all the stations, the SVR outperformed GPR and ANN-ELM with lowest OBJ value for the three stations a (1.378, 1.202, 1.570). In addition, the accuracy of the three models were checked using mean forecasting error which were (0.474, 0.421, 0.509) for SVR, (0.507, 0.489 0.500) for GPR and (0.564, 0.603, 0.772) ANN-ELM for the three stations. The results confirm that SVR can be used satisfactorily for modeling monthly low flows in the Mahanadi river basin, India. Hence, the SVR model could be employed as a new reliable and accurate data intelligent approach for predicting the ‘low flow’ (Q75 discharge) based on precedent data in water resources and its allied field.

Sol-Gel Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Magnetic and Optical Properties in ZnCo2O3 Oxide

Bidhu Bhusan Das,Bittesh Barman 대한화학회 2019 대한화학회지 Vol.63 No.6

Synthesis of ZnCo2O3 oxide is performed by sol-gel method via nitrate-citrate route. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) study shows monoclinic unit cell having lattice parameters: a = 5.721(1) Å, b = 8.073(2) Å, c = 5.670(1) Å, β = 93.221(8)°, space group P2/m and Z = 4. Average crystallite sizes determined by Scherrer equation are the range ~14-32 nm, whereas SEM micrographs show nano-micro meter size particles formed in ZnCo2O3. Endothermic peak at ~798 K in the Differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) trace without weight loss could be due to structural transformation and the endothermic peak ~1143 K with weight loss is due to reversible loss of O2 in air atmosphere. Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis profile shows the presence of elements Zn, Co and O which indicates the purity of the sample. Magnetic measurements in the range of +12 kOe to -12 kOe at 10 K, 77 K, 120 K and at 300 K by PPMS-II Physical Property Measurement System (PPMS) shows hysteresis loops having very low values of the coercivity and retentivity which indicates the weakly ferromagnetic nature of the oxide. Observed Xband EPR isotropic lineshapes at 300 K and 77 K show positive g-shift at giso ~2.230 and giso ~2.217, respectively which is in agreement with the presence of paramagnetic site Co2+(3d7 ) in the oxide. DC conductivity value of 2.875 x10-8 S/cm indicates very weakly semiconducting nature of ZnCo2O3 at 300 K. DRS absorption bands ~357 nm, ~572 nm, ~619 nm and ~654 nm are due to the d-d transitions 4 T1g( 4 F)→2 Eg( 2 G), 4 T1g( 4 F)→4 T1g( 4 P), 4 T1g( 4 F)→4 A2g( 4 F), 4 T1g( 4 F)→4 T2g( 4 F), respectively in octahedral ligand field around Co2+ ions. Direct band gap energy, Eg~ 1.5 eV in the oxide is obtained by extrapolating the linear part of the Tauc plot to the energy axis indicates fairly strong semiconducting nature of ZnCo2O3.

Transcriptome Profile of the Asian Giant Hornet ( <i>Vespa mandarinia</i> ) Using Illumina HiSeq 4000 Sequencing: <i> De Novo</i> Assembly, Functional Annotation, and Discovery of SSR Markers

Patnaik, Bharat Bhusan,Park, So Young,Kang, Se Won,Hwang, Hee-Ju,Wang, Tae Hun,Park, Eun Bi,Chung, Jong Min,Song, Dae Kwon,Kim, Changmu,Kim, Soonok,Lee, Jae Bong,Jeong, Heon Cheon,Park, Hong Seog,Han, Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2016 International journal of genomics Vol.2016 No.-

<P><I>Vespa mandarinia</I> found in the forests of East Asia, including Korea, occupies the highest rank in the arthropod food web within its geographical range. It serves as a source of nutrition in the form of Vespa amino acid mixture and is listed as a threatened species, although no conservation measures have been implemented. Here, we performed<I> de novo</I> assembly of the<I> V. mandarinia</I> transcriptome by Illumina HiSeq 4000 sequencing. Over 60 million raw reads and 59,184,811 clean reads were obtained. After assembly, a total of 66,837 unigenes were clustered, 40,887, 44,455, and 22,390 of which showed homologous matches against the PANM, Unigene, and KOG databases, respectively. A total of 15,675 unigenes were assigned to Gene Ontology terms, and 5,132 unigenes were mapped to 115 KEGG pathways. The zinc finger domain (C2H2-like), serine/threonine/dual specificity protein kinase domain, and RNA recognition motif domain were among the top InterProScan domains predicted for<I> V. mandarinia</I> sequences. Among the unigenes, we identified 534,922 cDNA simple sequence repeats as potential markers. This is the first transcriptomic analysis of the wasp<I> V. mandarinia</I> using Illumina HiSeq 4000. The obtained datasets should promote the search for new genes to understand the physiological attributes of this wasp.</P>

Transcriptome Characterization for Non-Model Endangered Lycaenids, <i>Protantigius superans</i> and <i>Spindasis takanosis</i> , Using Illumina HiSeq 2500 Sequencing

Patnaik, Bharat Bhusan,Hwang, Hee-Ju,Kang, Se Won,Park, So Young,Wang, Tae Hun,Park, Eun Bi,Chung, Jong Min,Song, Dae Kwon,Kim, Changmu,Kim, Soonok,Lee, Jae Bong,Jeong, Heon Cheon,Park, Hong Seog,Han, MDPI 2015 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.16 No.12

<P>The Lycaenidae butterflies, <I>Protantigius superans</I> and <I>Spindasis takanosis</I>, are endangered insects in Korea known for their symbiotic association with ants. However, necessary genomic and transcriptomics data are lacking in these species, limiting conservation efforts. In this study, the <I>P. superans</I> and <I>S. takanosis</I> transcriptomes were deciphered using Illumina HiSeq 2500 sequencing. The <I>P. superans</I> and <I>S. takanosis</I> transcriptome data included a total of 254,340,693 and 245,110,582 clean reads assembled into 159,074 and 170,449 contigs and 107,950 and 121,140 unigenes, respectively. BLASTX hits (<I>E</I>-value of 1.0 × 10<SUP>−5</SUP>) against the known protein databases annotated a total of 46,754 and 51,908 transcripts for <I>P. superans</I> and <I>S. takanosis</I>. Approximately 41.25% and 38.68% of the unigenes for <I>P. superans</I> and <I>S. takanosis</I> found homologous sequences in Protostome DB (PANM-DB). BLAST2GO analysis confirmed 18,611 unigenes representing Gene Ontology (GO) terms and a total of 5259 unigenes assigned to 116 pathways for <I>P. superans</I>. For <I>S. takanosis</I>, a total of 6697 unigenes were assigned to 119 pathways using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway database. Additionally, 382,164 and 390,516 Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) were compiled from the unigenes of <I>P. superans</I> and <I>S. takanosis</I>, respectively. This is the first report to record new genes and their utilization for conservation of lycaenid species population and as a reference information for closely related species.</P>

Molecular Cloning, Sequence Characterization and Expression Analysis of a CD63 Homologue from the Coleopteran Beetle, <i>Tenebrio molitor</i>

Patnaik, Bharat Bhusan,Kang, Seong Min,Seo, Gi Won,Lee, Hyo Jeong,Patnaik, Hongray Howrelia,Jo, Yong Hun,Tindwa, Hamisi,Lee, Yong Seok,Lee, Bok Luel,Kim, Nam Jung,Bang, In Seok,Han, Yeon Soo Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MD 2013 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.14 No.10

<P>CD63, a member of the tetraspanin membrane protein family, plays a pivotal role in cell growth, motility, signal transduction, host-pathogen interactions and cancer. In this work, the cDNA encoding CD63 homologue (TmCD63) was cloned from larvae of a coleopteran beetle, <I>Tenebrio molitor.</I> The cDNA is comprised of an open reading frame of 705 bp, encoding putative protein of 235 amino acid residues. <I>In silico</I> analysis shows that the protein has four putative transmembrane domains and one large extracellular loop. The characteristic “Cys-Cys-Gly” motif and “Cys188” residues are highly conserved in the large extracellular loop. Phylogenetic analysis of TmCD63 revealed that they belong to the insect cluster with 50%–56% identity. Analysis of spatial expression patterns demonstrated that TmCD63 mRNA is mainly expressed in gut and Malphigian tubules of larvae and the testis of the adult. Developmental expression patterns of CD63 mRNA showed that TmCD63 transcripts are detected in late larval, pupal and adult stages. Interestingly, TmCD63 transcripts are upregulated to the maximum level of 4.5 fold, in response to DAP-type peptidoglycan during the first 6 h, although other immune elicitors also caused significant increase to the transcript level at later time-points. These results suggest that CD63 might contribute to <I>T. molitor</I> immune response against various microbial pathogens.</P>