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An overview of microdiesel — A sustainable future source of renewable energy
Bhatia, Shashi Kant,Bhatia, Ravi Kant,Yang, Yung-Hun Elsevier 2017 RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS Vol.79 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Microdiesel obtained from microbes using renewable materials as carbon sources is an important alternative to petroleum diesel. This review provides information related to microdiesel production using various carbon sources; i.e. carbon dioxide, C<SUB>2</SUB>, saccharides, and lignocellulose. Microbes can accumulate different contents of fatty acids in the form of triacylglycerol (TAG). Not all microbes store fatty acids and utilize a broad range of substrates as carbon sources, and vice versa. Microbes can be engineered to consume various carbon sources, and accumulate increased amounts of fatty acids with different composition. The properties of microdiesel depend on its fatty acid profile, which in turn determines its efficacy. The structural features of the fatty acids, such as carbon chain length, branching and degree of unsaturation, affect the physiochemical properties of the biodiesel (cetane number (CN), oxidation stability (OS), iodine value (IV), cold flow properties, density and kinematic viscosity). Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles can be used to evaluate the key properties of biodiesel, i.e. the stability of the oil used. The overview presented herein concludes that microdiesel production using non-feed carbon sources and genetically engineered microbes shows much promise.</P>
Current status and strategies for second generation biofuel production using microbial systems
Bhatia, Shashi Kant,Kim, Sang-Hyoun,Yoon, Jeong-Jun,Yang, Yung-Hun Elsevier 2017 Energy conversion and management Vol.148 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Economic growth and industrial energy demand necessitate sustainable energy resources. The food vs. fuel issue means that first generation biofuels appear unsustainable. Therefore, biofuel production using lignocellulosic biomass clearly needs to be explored and promoted. However, due to technological barriers, the production of biofuel from lignocellulose (second generation biofuel) is currently not cost effective. Although microbial fermentation is an ecofriendly way to convert lignocellulose into biofuel, it will take time to become a commercial reality. Biofuels of different generations can contribute synergistically to fulfill energy demand. More research and government participation is needed to make the biofuel production process more feasible. This review focuses on the pretreatment of biomass, the production of biofuel (biodiesel, bioalcohol, and biogas) using microbial systems, and the various efforts that have been implemented to improve biofuel production.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Second generation biofuel is produced from lignocellulosic biomass. </LI> <LI> Microbes have potential to ferment biomass into biofuel. </LI> <LI> Metabolic engineering and consortia approach can improve biofuel production. </LI> <LI> Second generation biofuel production still in initial stage and require more research input. </LI> </UL> </P>
Microbial production of volatile fatty acids: current status and future perspectives
Bhatia, S. K.,Yang, Y. H. Springer Science + Business Media 2017 Reviews in environmental science and bio/technolog Vol.16 No.2
<P>Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) are used as building blocks to synthesize a wide range of commercially-important chemicals. Microbially produced VFAs (acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, and isovaleric acid) can be considered as a replacement for petroleum-based VFAs due to their renewability, degradability, and sustainability. The main objective of this review is to summarize research and development of VFA production methods via microbial routes, their downstream processes, current applications, and main challenges. Various fermentation processes have been developed to produce of VFAs starting from commercially-available sugars and other raw materials such as lignocellulose, whey, and waste sludge. Only few microbes have been explored for their potential to produce VFAs, and very little genomic information data is available at the present time. There is a need to use metabolic engineering, systematic biology, evolutionary engineering, and bioinformatics to discover VFA biosynthesis routes since the pathways for isobutyric acid and isovaleric acids are still not well understood.</P>
Biowaste-to-bioenergy using biological methods – A mini-review
Bhatia, Shashi Kant,Joo, Hwang-Soo,Yang, Yung-Hun Elsevier 2018 Energy conversion and management Vol.177 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The continued production of waste is creating management problems. The use of traditional waste management methods, such as incineration and landfill, releases gases that may cause global warming. Energy demand is also increasing rapidly owing to the rapid increase in population and industrialization. To meet this ever-increasing demand, access to clean and green energy is essential for the sustainable development of human society. These two challenges, if managed scientifically using biowaste to bioenergy (BtB) technology, can provide solutions for one another. In this article, we reviewed the strategies for and status of BtB technology (anaerobic digestion, transesterification, and microbial fuel cells) used to convert various biowastes (forest and agriculture residue, animal wastes, and municipal wastes) into bioenergy (biogas, biodiesel, bioalcohol, and bioelectricity). The participation of researchers, scientists, government agencies, and stakeholders is needed to increase the feasibility of these technologies.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Biowaste-to-bioenergy technology is a possible solution to fulfill energy demand. </LI> <LI> This technology will not only solve energy problem but also help to manage biowaste. </LI> <LI> There is need to develop an integrated process to get more revenue from biowaste. </LI> <LI> To compete with other energy source this technology need government policy and subsidies. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Bhatia, Narendra Kumar,Yousuf, Mohammad Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2013 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.27 No.2
Antheraea mylitta Drury is a commercial silk producing forest insect in India and Xanthopimpla pedator Fabricius is its larval-pupal endoparasitoid, which causes pupal mortality that affects seed production. Effects of host plants, rearing season and their interactions on parasitic behaviour of X. pedator were studied here, as influence of these factors on biological success of X. pedator is not known. Seven forest tree species were tested as food plants for A. mylitta, and rate of pupal parasitization in both the rearing seasons were recorded and analysed. Results showed that rearing season and host plants significantly affected the rate of pupal parasitization in both the sexes. Pupal mortality was found significantly higher (14.52%) in second rearing season than the first (2.89%). Likewise, host plants and rearing seasons significantly affected length, diameter, and shell thickness of cocoons in both sexes. Out of all infested pupae, 85.59% were found male, which indicated that X. pedator chooses male spinning larva of A. mylitta for oviposition, but we could not answer satisfactorily the why and how aspect of this sex specific parasitic behaviour of X. pedator. Multiple regression analysis indicated that length and shell thickness of male cocoons are potential predictors for pupal parasitization rate of X. pedator. Based on highest cocoon productivity and lowest pupal mortality, Terminalia alata, T. tomentosa, and T. arjuna were found to be the most suitable host plants for forest based commercial rearing of A. mylitta in tropical forest areas of Uttarakhand state, where it has never been reared earlier. Sex and season specific interaction of X. pedator with its larval-pupal host, A. mylitta is a novel entomological study to find out explanations for some of the unresolved research questions on parasitic behaviour of X. predator that opens a new area for specialised study on male specific parasitization in Ichneumonidae.
Some norm inequalities for matrix means
Bhatia, R.,Lim, Y.,Yamazaki, T. North Holland [etc.] 2016 Linear algebra and its applications Vol.501 No.-
<P>Inequalities for unitarily invariant norms of power means of positive definite matrices are presented. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</P>
High-Mobility Bismuth-based Transparent <i>p</i>-Type Oxide from High-Throughput Material Screening
Bhatia, Amit,Hautier, Geoffroy,Nilgianskul, Tan,Miglio, Anna,Sun, Jingying,Kim, Hyung Joon,Kim, Kee Hoon,Chen, Shuo,Rignanese, Gian-Marco,Gonze, Xavier,Suntivich, Jin American Chemical Society 2016 Chemistry of materials Vol.28 No.1