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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Bertrand Hirel (검색결과 4 건)
- 무료
- 기관 내 무료
- 유료
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The Contribution of Molecular Physiology to the Improvement of Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Crops
Hirel, Bertrand,Chardon, Fabien,Durand, Jacques The Korean Society of Crop Science 2007 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.10 No.3
In this review, we discuss the ways in which our understanding of the controls of nitrogen use efficiency applied to crop improvement has been increased through the development of molecular physiology studies using transgenic plants or mutants with modified capacities for nitrogen uptake, assimilation and recycling. More recently, exploiting crop genetic variability through quantitative trait loci and candidate gene detection has opened new perspectives toward the identification of key structural or regulatory elements involved in the control of nitrogen metabolism for improving crop productivity. All together these studies strongly suggest that in the near future nitrogen use efficiency can be improved both by marker-assisted selection and genetic engineering, thus having the most promise for the practical application of increasing the capacity of a wide range of economically important species to take up and utilize nitrogen more efficiently.
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The Contribution of Molecular Physiology to the Improvement of Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Crops
Bertrand Hirel,Fabien Chardon,Jacques Durand 한국작물학회 2007 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.10 No.3
In this review, we discuss the ways in which our understanding of the genetic control of nitrogen use efficiency applied to crop improvement has been increased through the development of molecular physiology studies using transgenic plants or mutants with modified capacities for nitrogen uptake, assimilation, and recycling. More recently, exploiting crop genetic variability through quantitative trait loci and candidate gene detection has opened up new perspectives toward the identification of key structural or regulatory elements involved in the control of nitrogen metabolism for improving crop productivity. All together, these studies strongly suggest that in the near future nitrogen use efficiency can be improved both by marker-assisted selection and genetic engineering, thus having the most promise for the practical application of increasing the capacity of a wide range of economically important species to take up and utilize nitrogen more efficiently. In this review, we discuss the ways in which our understanding of the genetic control of nitrogen use efficiency applied to crop improvement has been increased through the development of molecular physiology studies using transgenic plants or mutants with modified capacities for nitrogen uptake, assimilation, and recycling. More recently, exploiting crop genetic variability through quantitative trait loci and candidate gene detection has opened up new perspectives toward the identification of key structural or regulatory elements involved in the control of nitrogen metabolism for improving crop productivity. All together, these studies strongly suggest that in the near future nitrogen use efficiency can be improved both by marker-assisted selection and genetic engineering, thus having the most promise for the practical application of increasing the capacity of a wide range of economically important species to take up and utilize nitrogen more efficiently.
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Amira Guellim,Bertrand Hirel,Olivier Chabrerie,Manuella Catterou,Thierry Tetu,Frédéric Dubois,Hela Ben Ahmed,Thomas Kichey 한국작물학회 2020 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.23 No.4
Drought is one of the major abiotic stresses with a detrimental impact on plant growth and development irrespective of the developmental stage. Thus, identifying the physiological mechanisms driving drought resistance in crops remains challenging. Drought tolerance was evaluated in nine durum wheat cultivars (Triticum durum Desf.) at an early stage of plant development using plants grown under hydroponic conditions. Young wheat plants were subjected to three polyethylene glycol (PEG) treatments (0%, 1.8%, and 2.6%) over 21 days. Nineteen morpho-physiological parameters were then measured to monitor the impact of drought stress caused by the presence of PEG. An integrative analysis allowed the identification of genotypes exhibiting various levels of tolerance to drought, also revealing the impact of water deficiency on key phenotypic and physiological markers. Among the nine wheat genotypes, the landrace INRAT 69 was the most tolerant, whereas the commercial cultivar Ben Bechir was the most sensitive. We also found that amino acid, total soluble sugar, proline, and starch contents were the physiological parameters that were the most representative of drought stress. The use of these parameters as marker traits to select drought-tolerant wheat genotypes at early stages of plant development is discussed.
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Hazzar Habbib,Bertrand Hirel,Fabien Spicher,Frédéric Dubois,Thierry Tétu 한국작물학회 2020 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.23 No.1
To evaluate the combined effect of different agricultural practices on photosynthetic nitrogen and water-use efficiency, winter wheat was grown in the field under tillage and no-till conditions, with and without cover crops under low and high nitrogen fertilization inputs. Leaf physiological traits, such as the rate of photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, the rate of transpiration, the chlorophyll content index, the leaf area ratio, and specific leaf area were used as indicators representative of nitrogen and water-use efficiency. Six years after conversion to no-till, in the presence and in the absence of cover crops, significant increases in photosynthetic water-use efficiency and soil water content were observed both under low and high nitrogen fertilization input. Moreover, we observed that photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency, the rate of photosynthesis and specific leaf area were higher in the absence of tilling than in the presence of tilling. Thus, agronomic practices based on continuous no-till appear to be promising for increasing both photosynthetic nitrogen- and water-use efficiency in winter wheat.
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