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      • B-COV:Bio-inspired Virtual Interaction for 3D Articulated Robotic Arm for Post-stroke Rehabilitation during Pandemic of COVID-19

        Allehaibi, Khalid Hamid Salman,Basori, Ahmad Hoirul,Albaqami, Nasser Nammas International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2021 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.21 No.2

        The Coronavirus or COVID-19 is contagiousness virus that infected almost every single part of the world. This pandemic forced a major country did lockdown and stay at a home policy to reduce virus spread and the number of victims. Interactions between humans and robots form a popular subject of research worldwide. In medical robotics, the primary challenge is to implement natural interactions between robots and human users. Human communication consists of dynamic processes that involve joint attention and attracting each other. Coordinated care involves sharing among agents of behaviours, events, interests, and contexts in the world from time to time. The robotics arm is an expensive and complicated system because robot simulators are widely used instead of for rehabilitation purposes in medicine. Interaction in natural ways is necessary for disabled persons to work with the robot simulator. This article proposes a low-cost rehabilitation system by building an arm gesture tracking system based on a depth camera that can capture and interpret human gestures and use them as interactive commands for a robot simulator to perform specific tasks on the 3D block. The results show that the proposed system can help patients control the rotation and movement of the 3D arm using their hands. The pilot testing with healthy subjects yielded encouraging results. They could synchronize their actions with a 3D robotic arm to perform several repetitive tasks and exerting 19920 J of energy (kg.m<sup>2</sup>.S<sup>-2</sup>). The average of consumed energy mentioned before is in medium scale. Therefore, we relate this energy with rehabilitation performance as an initial stage and can be improved further with extra repetitive exercise to speed up the recovery process.

      • Multimodal Interaction Framework for Collaborative Augmented Reality in Education

        Asiri, Dalia Mohammed Eissa,Allehaibi, Khalid Hamed,Basori, Ahmad Hoirul International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2022 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.22 No.7

        One of the most important technologies today is augmented reality technology, it allows users to experience the real world using virtual objects that are combined with the real world. This technology is interesting and has become applied in many sectors such as the shopping and medicine, also it has been included in the sector of education. In the field of education, AR technology has become widely used due to its effectiveness. It has many benefits, such as arousing students' interest in learning imaginative concepts that are difficult to understand. On the other hand, studies have proven that collaborative between students increases learning opportunities by exchanging information, and this is known as Collaborative Learning. The use of multimodal creates a distinctive and interesting experience, especially for students, as it increases the interaction of users with the technologies. The research aims at developing collaborative framework for developing achievement of 6th graders through designing a framework that integrated a collaborative framework with a multimodal input "hand-gesture and touch", considering the development of an effective, fun and easy to use framework with a multimodal interaction in AR technology that was applied to reformulate the genetics and traits lesson from the science textbook for the 6th grade, the first semester, the second lesson, in an interactive manner by creating a video based on the science teachers' consultations and a puzzle game in which the game images were inserted. As well, the framework adopted the cooperative between students to solve the questions. The finding showed a significant difference between post-test and pre-test of the experimental group on the mean scores of the science course at the level of remembering, understanding, and applying. Which indicates the success of the framework, in addition to the fact that 43 students preferred to use the framework over traditional education.

      • A Crucial Investigation of Facial Skin Colour Research Trend and Direction

        Mohammed Hazim Alkawaz,Dzulkifli Mohamad,Ahmad Hoirul Basori,Farhan Mohamed 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.10 No.1

        The research on facial animation is growing and became more sensible in terms of three dimensional data. The emergence of laser scans and advanced 3D tools imparted further towards the rapid development of complex facial model. This paper has given an overview on facial animation techniques such as blend shape interpolation, facial action coding system and parameterization. The major challenges, excitement, applications, recent progress and the future of various diversified facial animation methods are high-lighted as well. The emotional theory, involving the cognition as one of the elements of emotion and emphasizing on somatic factors describing emotional expressions and its perception as the other elements are presented. The essential factors responsible for emo-tional colors manifestations to an individual are the key issues. The notable theories and models of Goethe, Claudia Cortes, Naz Kaya, Color Wheel Pro, Shirley Willet and Yau Xueon facial colors expressions are critically commented and a facile comparison is car-ried out. Furthermore, a detailed discussions on facial colors appearance are provided using image based skin color analysis and synthesis, reflectance based model, bidirec-tional texture function, physiology measurement based and emotional appearance mod-els. The paper completed with the remarkable features official expression comprised of facial action coding system and MPEG-4 facial animation that enable considerable im-provement on facial animation technology. Our in-depth appraisal on facial animation may contribute as taxonomy towards the development of human facial skin colors on 3D avatar including facial action coding system, emotion theory, color theory, animation via blending and image based color analysis useful for various applications.

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