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Chitosan-microreactor: a versatile approach for heterogeneous organic synthesis in microfluidics.
Basavaraju, K C,Sharma, Siddharth,Singh, Ajay K,Im, Do Jin,Kim, Dong-Pyo Wiley-VCH 2014 CHEM SUS CHEM Vol.7 No.7
<P>Microreactors have been proven to be efficient tools for a variety of homogeneous organic transformations due to their mixing efficiency, which results in very fast reactions, better heat and mass transfer, and simple scale-up. However, in heterogeneous catalytic reactions each catalyst needs an individual substrate as support. Herein, a versatile approach to immobilize metal catalysts on chitosan as a common substrate is presented. Chitosan, accommodating many metal catalysts, is grafted onto the microchannel surface as nanobrush. The versatility, catalytic efficiency, and stability/durability of the microreactor are demonstrated for a number of organic transformations involving various metal compounds as catalysts.</P>
Continuous Recycling of Homogeneous Pd/Cu Catalysts for Cross-Coupling Reactions
Sharma, Siddharth,Basavaraju, K. C.,Singh, Ajay K.,Kim, Dong-Pyo American Chemical Society 2014 ORGANIC LETTERS Vol.16 No.15
<P>Given the importance of homogeneous catalysts recycling in organic chemistry, we have developed a unique microfluidic loop system for automated continuous recirculation of a soluble polymer supported metal catalyst for novel isocyanide cross-coupling reactions under thermomorphic multicomponent solvent (TMS) conditions. Our system provides an innovative approach for the chemical library synthesis of quinazolinone derivatives as well as an important intermediate of Merck’s LTD4 antagonist “Singulair” with efficient continuous homogeneous catalyst recycling.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/orlef7/2014/orlef7.2014.16.issue-15/ol501802w/production/images/medium/ol-2014-01802w_0008.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ol501802w'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Singh, Ajay K.,Basavaraju, K. C.,Sharma, Siddharth,Jang, Seungwook,Park, Chan Pil,Kim, Dong-Pyo The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 GREEN CHEMISTRY Vol.16 No.6
<P>Here, we demonstrate that graphene oxide (GO) can be converted to N-doped reduced GO (rGO) that could become a substitute for N-doped graphene. Simultaneous doping and reduction can be accomplished for this purpose by simply mixing GO with hydrazine and then continuously sonicating the solution at 65 °C. A high level of reduction is realized, as evidenced by a carbon to oxygen ratio of 20.7 that compares with the highest value of 15.3 ever reported in solution (water + hydrazine) methods. Nitrogen doping is possible up to 6.3 wt% and the extent of doping can be increased with increasing sonication time. Notably, the simple tuning process of N-doping in GO greatly enhanced the efficiency of the carbocatalyst for various kinds of metal free oxidation reactions and hence is proposed as a suitable candidate for future industrial applications.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Here, we demonstrate that graphene oxide (GO) can be converted to N-doped reduced GO (rGO) that could become a substitute for N-doped graphene. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c4gc00049h'> </P>
Certain study of generalized $B$ curvature tensor within the framework of Kenmotsu manifold
Rahuthanahalli Thimmegowda Naveen Kumar,Basavaraju Phalaksha Murthy,Puttasiddappa Somashekhara,Venkatesha Venkatesha 대한수학회 2023 대한수학회논문집 Vol.38 No.3
In the present study, we consider some curvature properties of generalized $B$-curvature tensor on Kenmotsu manifold. Here first we describe certain vanishing properties of generalized $B$ curvature tensor on Kenmostu manifold. Later we formulate generalized $B$ pseudo-symmetric condition on Kenmotsu manifold. Moreover, we also characterize generalized $B$ $\phi$-recurrent Kenmotsu manifold.
Pradhuman Verma,Kanika Gupta Verma,Kikkeri Lakshminarayana Kumaraswam,Suman Basavaraju,Suresh K. Sachdeva,Suruchi Juneja 대한영상치의학회 2014 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.44 No.3
Purpose: The present study was aimed to investigate the variation of soft palate morphology in different age and gender groups. The correlations of radiographic velar length (VL), velar width (VW), pharyngeal depth (PD), and Need’s ratio with soft palate variants were also studied in the North Indian subpopulation. Materials and Methods: The study sample consisted of 300 subjects aged between 15 and 45 (mean: 31.32) years. The velar morphology on lateral cephalograms was examined and grouped into six types. The results obtained were subjected to a statistical analysis to find the correlation between variants of the soft palate with gender and different age groups. Results: The most frequent type of soft palate was leaf shaped (48.7%), and the least common was crook shaped (3.0%) among both the genders and various age groups, showing a significant correlation. The mean VL, VW, and PD values were significantly higher in males and significantly correlated with the types of soft palate. A significant correlation was observed between the mean VL, VW, PD, and Need’s ratio with various age groups, showing an inconsistent pattern with an increase in age. The types of soft palate, gender, and Need’s ratio were also significantly correlated, with an overall higher mean value of the Need’s ratio among female subjects and the S-shaped soft palate. Conclusion: The knowledge of a varied spectrum of velar morphology and the variants of the soft palate help in a better understanding of the velopharyngeal closure and craniofacial anomalies.
Verma, Pradhuman,Verma, Kanika Gupta,Kumaraswam, Kikkeri Lakshminarayana,Basavaraju, Suman,Sachdeva, Suresh K.,Juneja, Suruchi Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology 2014 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.44 No.3
Purpose: The present study was aimed to investigate the variation of soft palate morphology in different age and gender groups. The correlations of radiographic velar length (VL), velar width (VW), pharyngeal depth (PD), and Need's ratio with soft palate variants were also studied in the North Indian subpopulation. Materials and Methods: The study sample consisted of 300 subjects aged between 15 and 45 (mean: 31.32) years. The velar morphology on lateral cephalograms was examined and grouped into six types. The results obtained were subjected to a statistical analysis to find the correlation between variants of the soft palate with gender and different age groups. Results: The most frequent type of soft palate was leaf shaped (48.7%), and the least common was crook shaped (3.0%) among both the genders and various age groups, showing a significant correlation. The mean VL, VW, and PD values were significantly higher in males and significantly correlated with the types of soft palate. A significant correlation was observed between the mean VL, VW, PD, and Need's ratio with various age groups, showing an inconsistent pattern with an increase in age. The types of soft palate, gender, and Need's ratio were also significantly correlated, with an overall higher mean value of the Need's ratio among female subjects and the S-shaped soft palate. Conclusion: The knowledge of a varied spectrum of velar morphology and the variants of the soft palate help in a better understanding of the velopharyngeal closure and craniofacial anomalies.