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- 저자 : Banou, Stella (검색결과 1 건)
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Coupling Methods for Wireless Intra-Body Communication and Sensing
Banou, Stella ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Northeastern Unive 2022 해외박사(DDOD)
Advances in miniaturized bio-compatible Internet of Things (IoT) device design and wireless connectivity have resulted in rapid strides towards realizing the vision of connected health and ubiquitous monitoring of physiological conditions. Core enablers of this capability are wearable and implanted IoT devices, albeit with limitations arising from their low energy storage and computational power. This thesis goes beyond the RF-only communication standards by exploring alternate communication modalities that are more amenable for inter- and intra-body communication. In summary, this thesis explores the conductive and radiating nature of the human body as a channel for three non-RF coupling communication methods - Galvanic, Magnetic and Capacitive coupling.An implementation of Galvanic Coupling-based beamforming is presented for implant to wearable communication. The key idea here is to exploit the conductivity of human tissue and transmit weak electrical signals by coupling them via electrodes to muscle tissue in a way that concentrates energy at the receiver location. Following that, we focus on realizing a relay network of IoT devices for both implant-implant and implant to on-skin sensor communication using Magnetic Resonance Coupling. The advantage of this method over Galvanic Coupling is that the former reduces attenuation when signals pass through human tissue. This thesis enhances the scope of the connected health paradigm to now include sensing for proximity and for automated encouraging of healthy habits that mitigate the spread of communicable diseases using Capacitive Coupling.Finally, a novel human antenna field to sense and communicate with wearable and implantable IoT devices in the near field is designed. This thesis proposes the utilization of a capacitively induced human body antenna field to connect multiple wearable and implantable devices to each other via Intra-body Communication. Such a paradigm not only supports multi-cast data transfer but also helps in sensing the environment to detect the presence of other patients and caregivers, unlike current RF-only approaches. The human body antenna approach is validated via simulation and experiments on a phantom to study the frequency response, sensitivity and antenna design parameters of the resulting human body antenna system. Results reveal a communication and sensing range of 2.5 meters while operating at 75-95 MHz with a single wearable device with capacitive electrodes of size 30x50 mm. To ensure safety in such capacitively induced human body antenna for Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) communications, we perform a power budget analysis to prove that the proposed approach is indeed a low-power and robust communication and sensing system for health monitoring purposes. The final part of this dissertation completes the full cycle of data flow, from implanted to wearable devices and finally connects the body network to the computational cloud for the next generation of IoT-enabled healthcare.
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