Antifungal Properties of Rhizopus oligosporus Against Apple Anthracnose Fungi

( Vivek K. Bajpai1 ),( Seak Won Choi ),( Sun Chul Kang ) 한국환경농학회 2010 한국환경농학회지 Vol.29 No.1

This study was carried out to assess the antifungal potential of R. oligosporus and its ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract against the fungal pathogens causing anthracnose disease in apple fruits using disc diffusion, antagonistic effect and morphological abnormalities in fungal mycelia. The percentage of inhibition of antifungal effect of the ethyl acetate extract (5 μl disc-1) of the R. oligosporus against C. acutatum KACC 40848, C. gloeosporioides KACC 40897, C. higginsianum KACC 40806, C. orbiculare KACC 40808, C. coccodes KACC 40008, C. musae KACC 40947, C. boninense KACC 40893, C. liliacearum KACC 40981, C. caudatum KACC 41028 and Colletotrichum sp. KACC 40811 was found to be 44.4, 35.5, 40, 31.1, 33.3, 37.7, 40, 51.1, 28.8 and 28.8%, respectively. Also the fungus R. oligosporus showed potential antagonistic effect of antifungal activity against the tested pathogens of Colletotrichum spp. Further, R. oligosporus had a potential detrimental effect on the morphology of the tested fungi of Colletotrichum spp. such as wrinkle abnormalities, abnormal cell formation, lysis of mycelium, empty cell formation, distorted cell formation and breakage of the mycelium. These findings strongly support the role of R. oligosporus to serve as a potential antifungal agent to control plant pathogenic fungi causing anthracnose disease in apple fruits.

Study of Mechanical, Optical, and Electrical Behaviors of Calcium Alginate/ Poly(vinyl alcohol)–Vanadium Pentoxide Bionanocomposite Films

Anil Kumar Bajpai,Anjana Goswami,Jaya Bajpai,Benoy Kumar Sinha 한국고분자학회 2018 Macromolecular Research Vol.26 No.4

Thin films of calcium alginate (CaAlg)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and CaAlg/PVA-vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) bionanocomposites were synthesized by solution casting approach followed by impregnation of vanadium pentoxide and investigated for their structural, mechanical, optical, and electrical properties for possible use as cathode material in Li-ion batteries. The interaction of V2O5 nanoparticles with CaAlg/PVA film was investigated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy which suggested for strong interactions between V2O5 nanoparticles and CaAlg/PVA matrix film thus confirming successful impregnation of V2O5 into the matrix film. Crystalline nature of prepared samples was probed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique that indicated improvements in crystalline nature of the material. For evaluation of particle size and morphology, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was also used. The roughness of the surfaces of bionanocomposite films was also determined by the atomic force microscopy (AFM) which showed an increase in morphological parameters upon impregnation of vanadium pentoxide nanoparticles into the polymer matrix. The thermal properties like glass transition temperature, crystalline point and crystalline melting point were determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique. The results of tensile strength and microhardness measurements depicted that the prepared bionanocomposite films possessed good mechanical strength than the native polymer matrix. Significant enhancement in electrical conductivities was observed upon insertion of V2O5 into the native blend film.

Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Capacity of Essential Oil Obtained from Sawdust of Chamaecyparis obtusa by Microwave-Assisted Hydrodistillation

Bajpai, V.K.,Sharma, A.,Kim, S.H.,Baek, K.-H. FOOD TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2013 Food technology and biotechnology Vol.51 No.3

Generating Function and Semi-Orthogonal Relations For A Class of Hypergeometric Functions

Bajpai, S . D .,Al Hawaj, A . Y .,Mishra, Sanhana 호남수학회 1994 호남수학학술지 Vol.16 No.1

We present a generating function and three semi-orthogonal relations for a class of hypergeometric functions. We employ semi-orthogonal relations to generate a theory concerning finite series expansions involving our hypergeometric functions.

Antifungal Properties of Rhizopus oligosporus Against Apple Anthracnose Fungi

Bajpai, Vivek K.,Choi, Seak-Won,Kang, Sun-Chul The Korean Society of Environmental Agriculture 2010 한국환경농학회지 Vol.29 No.1

This study was carried out to assess the antifungal potential of R. oligosporus and its ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract against the fungal pathogens causing anthracnose disease in apple fruits using disc diffusion, antagonistic effect and morphological abnormalities in fungal mycelia. The percentage of inhibition of antifungal effect of the ethyl acetate extract (5 ${\mu}l$ $disc^{-1}$) of the R. oligosporus against C. acutatum KACC 40848, C. gloeosporioides KACC 40897, C. higginsianum KACC 40806, C. orbiculare KACC 40808, C. coccodes KACC 40008, C. musae KACC 40947, C. boninense KACC 40893, C. liliacearum KACC 40981, C. caudatum KACC 41028 and Colletotrichum sp. KACC 40811 was found to be 44.4, 35.5, 40, 31.1, 33.3, 37.7, 40, 51.1, 28.8 and 28.8%, respectively. Also the fungus R. oligosporus showed potential antagonistic effect of antifungal activity against the tested pathogens of Colletotrichum spp. Further, R. oligosporus had a potential detrimental effect on the morphology of the tested fungi of Colletotrichum spp. such as wrinkle abnormalities, abnormal cell formation, lysis of mycelium, empty cell formation, distorted cell formation and breakage of the mycelium. These findings strongly support the role of R. oligosporus to serve as a potential antifungal agent to control plant pathogenic fungi causing anthracnose disease in apple fruits.

Antioxidant mechanism of polyphenol-rich <i>Nymphaea nouchali</i> leaf extract protecting DNA damage and attenuating oxidative stress-induced cell death <i>via</i> Nrf2-mediated heme-oxygenase-1 induction coupled with ERK/p38 signaling pathway

Bajpai, Vivek K.,Alam, Md Badrul,Ju, Mi-Kyoung,Kwon, Kyoo-Ri,Huh, Yun Suk,Han, Young-Kyu,Lee, Sang Han Elsevier 2018 BIOMEDICINE AND PHARMACOTHERAPY Vol.103 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study investigates the polyphenolic composition and antioxidant mechanism of an ethyl acetate fraction of <I>Nymphaea nouchali</I> leaves (NNLE). Various <I>in vitro</I> assays were performed using RAW 264.7 cells to assess the antioxidant effects of NNLE and to understand the underlying molecular mechanism. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed the presence of gallic acid, catechin, epigallocatechin, epicatechin gallate, caffeic acid, luteolin, and kaempferol as the key polyphenolic composition of NNLE. NNLE had a potent ability to scavenge numerous free radicals through hydrogen atom transfer and/or electron donation. In addition, NNLE prevented the damage of DNA and quenched <I>t</I>-BHP induced generation of ROS without showing toxicity. NNLE was found to combat oxidative stress by enhancing the transcription and translation of both primary antioxidant enzymes and phase-II detoxifying enzymes, especially heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1). NNLE treatment enhanced Nrf2 accumulation in the nucleus and post-translational phosphorylation level of p38 kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in RAW 264.7 cells. Treatment with p38 and ERK inhibitors completely suppressed NNLE-induced Nrf2 and HO-1 expression. We also found that p38 and ERK inhibitors significantly antagonized the increase in cell viability and cellular ROS scavenging activity induced by NNLE. The findings of this study provide scientific evidence on the potential of NNLE as a cost-effective and readily available source of natural phytochemicals, along with the strategy to prevent diseases associated with oxidative stress through attenuating disease progression.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Potential Roles of Essential Oils on Controlling Plant Pathogenic Bacteria Xanthomonas Species: A Review

Bajpai, Vivek K.,Kang, So-Ra,Xu, Houjuan,Lee, Soon-Gu,Baek, Kwang-Hyun,Kang, Sun-Chul The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2011 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.27 No.3

Diseases caused by plant pathogenic bacteria constitute an emerging threat to global food security. Xanthomonas is a large genus of Gram-negative bacteria that cause disease in several host plants leading to considerable losses in productivity and quality of harvests. Despite the ranges of controlling techniques available, the microbiological safety of economically important crops and crop plants including fruits and vegetables continues to be a major concern to the agriculture industry. On the other hand, many of the currently available antimicrobial agents for agriculture are highly toxic, non-biodegradable and cause extended environmental pollution. Besides, the use of antibiotics has provoked an increased resistance among the bacterial pathogens and their pathovars. Thus, novel efficient and safe remedies for controlling plant bacterial diseases are necessary. There has been an increasing interest worldwide on therapeutic values of natural products such as essential oils, hence the purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the published data on the antibacterial efficacy of essential oils that could be considered suitable for application in agriculture as biocontrol measures against plant pathogenic bacteria of Xanthomonas species. The current knowledge on the use of essential oils to control Xanthomonas bacteria in vitro and in vivo models has been discussed. A brief description on the legal aspects on the use of essential oils against bacterial pathogens has also been presented. Through this review, a mode of antibacterial action of essential oils along with their chemical nature and the area for future research have been thoroughly discussed.

Chemical composition and in vitro control of agricultural plant pathogens by the essential oil and various extracts of Nandina domestica Thunb.

Bajpai, Vivek K,Lee, Tae Jong,Kang, Sun Chul John Wiley Sons, Ltd. 2009 Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture Vol.89 No.1

<P>BACKGROUND: The aims of this study were to examine the chemical composition of the essential oil isolated from the floral parts of Nandina domestica Thunb. by hydrodistillation, and to test the efficacy of essential oil and various leaf extracts (n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol) as an antifungal potential against a panel of agricultural plant pathogens.</P><P>RESULTS: The GC-MS analysis determined that 79 compounds, which represented 87.06% of total oil, were present in the oil containing mainly 1-indolizino carbazole (19.65%), 2-pentanone (16.4%), mono phenol (12.1%), aziridine (9.01%), methylcarbinol (4.6%), ethanone (3.3%), furfural (2.96%), 3,5-dimethylpyrazole (1.29%) and 2(5H)-furanone (1.32%). The oil (1000 ppm disc<SUP>−1</SUP>) and the leaf extracts (1500 ppm disc<SUP>−1</SUP>) revealed remarkable antifungal effect against Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Phytophthora capsici, Colletotrichum capsici, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Botrytis cinerea and Rhizoctonia solani in the growth inhibition range of 53.3–64.3% and 33.3–56.0%, respectively, along with their respective values for mimimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 125 to 1000 µg mL<SUP>−1</SUP> and 500 to 2000 µg mL<SUP>−1</SUP>. The values for minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) of the oil and extracts were obtained in the range of 125 to 1000 µg mL<SUP>−1</SUP> and 500 to 2000 µg mL<SUP>−1</SUP>, respectively. The essential oil also had a strong detrimental effect on spore germination of all the plant pathogens tested along with concentration as well as time-dependent kinetic inhibition of B. cinerea.</P><P>CONCLUSION: The results obtained in this study demonstrate that N. domestica mediated oil and extracts could become potential alternatives to synthetic fungicides for controlling certain important agricultural plant pathogenic fungi. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry</P>

Antioxidant and antimicrobial efficacy of a biflavonoid, amentoflavone from <i>Nandina domestica in vitro</i> and in minced chicken meat and apple juice food models

Bajpai, Vivek K.,Park, InWha,Lee, JungIn,Shukla, Shruti,Nile, Shivraj Hariram,Chun, Hyang Sook,Khan, Imran,Oh, Seo Yeong,Lee, Hoomin,Huh, Yun Suk,Na, MinKyun,Han, Young-Kyu Elsevier 2019 Food chemistry Vol.271 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A biflavonoid, amentoflavone isolated from <I>Nandina domestica</I> and characterized by NMR spectral-data analyses was assessed for its antioxidant, and antibacterial potential <I>in vitro</I> and in food-model systems. Amentoflavone exhibited potent antioxidant ability (19.21–75.52%) on scavenging DPPH, ABTS, superoxide, and hydroxyl radicals. Fluorescent images confirmed bacterial membrane depolarization of both the tested pathogens <I>Staphylococcus aureus</I> and <I>Escherichia coli</I>, with a significant reduction in cell viabilities at their respective MIC of 62.5 and 125 µg/mL. Increasing rates of membrane permeability observed in 260 nm-absorbing material, potassium ion, extracellular ATP, and relative electrical conductivity assays confirmed antibacterial mechanistic role of amentoflavone as also evidenced by microscopic studies of SEM and TEM. There was a marked inhibitory effect of amentoflavone with a significant reduction in cell counts of <I>S. aureus</I> and <I>E. coli</I> in minced chicken and apple juice at 4 °C, thus suggesting its nutritional enhancing efficacy as a natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agent.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A biflavonoid, amentoflavone was characterized based on the NMR analysis. </LI> <LI> Amentoflavone demonstrated significant antioxidant potential. </LI> <LI> Amentoflavone compromised membrane permeability of foodborne pathogens. </LI> <LI> Studies of SEM and TEM confirmed a mechanistic role of amentoflavone. </LI> <LI> Amentoflavone displayed microbial food safety in meat and apple juice. </LI> </UL> </P>

Antifungal potential of essential oil and various organic extracts of Nandina domestica Thunb. against skin infectious fungal pathogens

Bajpai, Vivek K.,Yoon, Jung In,Kang, Sun Chul Springer-Verlag 2009 Applied microbiology and biotechnology Vol.83 No.6