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Innovative technologies for spent fuel safe management at Ignalina channel-type reactors
Egidijus Babilas,Pavel Dokucajev,Darius Janulevicius,Aleksej Markelov,Raimondas Pabarcius,Sigitas Rimkevicius,Eugenijus Uspuras,Mindaugas Vaisnoras 한국원자력학회 2018 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.50 No.3
In Lithuania, all spent nuclear fuel (SNF) resulted from the operation of the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant(INPP), which had two Russian Acronym for “Channelized Large Power Reactor”-type reactors. After thefinal shutdown, the total amount of SNF at the INPP was approximately 22,000 fuel assemblies. All theseassemblies will be stored for about 50 years and disposed of after that. The decision to shut down anddecommission both reactors in Lithuania before termination of design period raises a significant challengefor the treatment of accumulated SNF. Therefore, various techniques and technologies for SNFmanagement were developed and justified for that specific case, and a set of special equipment wasinstalled at the INPP, the effectiveness of which was demonstrated during its operation. This articlepresents unique techniques related to the management of SNF adopted and commissioned at the INPPafter its operation shutdown, namely fuel rod cladding leak tightness control system and specialequipment for collection of possible spillage during handling of SNF assembly in the hot cell. Theoperational experience and measurement results of fuel rod cladding leak tightness control system arepresented.
Steinbauer, Julia Maria,Schreml, Stephan,Babilas, Philipp,Zeman, Florian,Karrer, Sigrid,Landthaler, Michael,Szeimies, Rolf-Markus Korean Society of Photoscience 2009 Photochemical & photobiological sciences Vol.8 No.8
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with aminolevulinic acid (ALA) or methyl aminolevulinate (MAL) is an approved modality for the non-invasive treatment of actinic keratoses (AK) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) offering excellent cosmetic outcome. However, pain during and after illumination is the most frequent and limiting side effect. The aim of this study was to precisely assess how reported pain during PDT is influenced by sex, age, treatment site, disease (AK/BCC) as well as the photosensitizer used. 467 lesions consisting of AK (primary treatments: n = 158; follow-up: n = 47) or BCC (primary treatments: n = 138; follow-up: 124) were treated by ALA- or MAL-PDT using metal halide lamps (580-750 nm). Pain was assessed during illumination using a continuous visual analogue scale (VAS). Factors predictive for higher pain levels during PDT are treatment of the head, treating AK and using ALA. The observed results may improve patient management and predict which level of pain to expect, and what kind of pain relief to prepare.