圃場條件下에서 日長程度에 따른 小麥의 出穗期變異

B. K. Kim(金鳳九) 한국육종학회 1983 한국육종학회지 Vol.15 No.3

Early maturing wheat cultivars in Korea, in general, tend to be photo-insensitive and short in earliness in narrow sense. The heading and flowering of these were less variable in response to various day length treatments. Late maturing varieties are photo-sensitive are long in earliness in narrow sense. The responses of these to various daylength were significantly variable. The longer the illumination period, the earlier was the field heading date : which, again responded positively to vinyl mulching. However vinyl mulching affected field heading date more significantly than the illumination did.

Inheritance of Straw Stiffness in Winter Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

B.H. HOKG(洪丙憙),C.H. CHO(曺章煥),E.S. LEE(李殷燮),B.K. KIM(金鳳九) 한국육종학회 1980 한국육종학회지 Vol.12 No.2

To clarify the genetics of straw stiffness and to establish a selection criterion for improvement of lodging resistance 8×8 diallel set and selected F₂ populations were grown at Suweon. The results obtained were summarized as the followings; 1. The components of variation estimated for straw stiffness suggested that the additive genetic variation is very important followed by dominant genetic variation. 2. The allelic distribution was unequal in the parents used and involvement of more dominant genes behaving additively was noticed. 3. Wr, Vr analysis indicated that Kangbori is recessive gene carrier compare to others. Buhung seemingly carries non-allelic dominant gene against to other varieties. 4. F₂ analysis suggested that Kangbori carries two recessive genes associated with stiff straw. Buheung and Olbori may carry one dominant gene which is non-allelic each other. 5. Among the parents tested Buheung. Kangbori Suweon 4, Olbori and Samheung were good combiners while Suweon 18, Suke 165 and CI 6332 were the poors. 6. Heritabilities estimated were high enough to be effective in selection for culm stiffness in the early segregating population.

小麥 主要形質의 遺傳 및 選拔効果에 關한 硏究 第2報. 小麥의 出穗期에 關與하는 播性, 日長反應, 狹意의 早晩性 및 耐寒性 交配親의 選擇

B. K. KIM(金鳳九),C. H. CHO(曺章煥),Y. W. HA(河龍雄),J. H. NAM(南重鉉) 한국육종학회 1979 한국육종학회지 Vol.11 No.1

In order to select superior parents for early heading, on the basis of growth habit, shortday response, earliness in narrow sense and cold tolerance lines were examined for field heading date. A growth habit tester set was developed. In Korea growth habit degrees of Ⅲ to Ⅳ were best for early heading varieties. Most spring wheats had early field heading dates. Day light insensitive varieties which were early in narrow sense were selected for early field heading. Shortday response showed highly positive correlation with earliness in narrow sense. To test for cold tolerance the wheat was planted on 20㎝ high seed bads in Yeoncheon. The selected cold tolerant varieties showed a negative correlation with field heading date.

小麥 主要形質의 遺傳 및 選拔効果에 關한 硏究 第3報 小麥小麥育種을 爲한 主要形質의 選拔效果

B. K. KIM(金鳳九),C. H. CHO(曺章煥),Y. W. HA(河龍雄),J. H. NAM(南重鉉) 한국육종학회 1979 한국육종학회지 Vol.11 No.1

This experiment was carried out to determine heritabilities, genetic correlations, path co-efficients, selection indexes and genetic advances of major agronomic characters in wheat. Characters with high heritabilities were days to maturity, maturing period, culm length and spike length while those with low heritability were yield and yield components. In Suweon, yield was positively correlated with days to heading, days to maturity, culm length, number of grains per spike and liter weight while in Muan yield was positively correlated with maturing period and 1,000 grain weight and negatively correlated with maturing period. Genetic advance were calculated from the selection indices which were calculated on the basis of a single character and various combinations of several characters. Selection efficency was increased by 1~4% in case it was calculated from the combination two or three characters, but it showed large annual variations.

小麥 主要形質의 遺傳 및 選拔效果에 關한 硏究 第1報 小麥의 出穗期 遺傳 및 遺傳率의 地域的 變動

C. H. CHO(曺章煥),B. K. KIM(金鳳九),Y. W. HA(河龍雄),J. H. NAM(南重鉉) 한국육종학회 1979 한국육종학회지 Vol.11 No.1

Segreating F₂ populations of seven wheat crosses were planted in Suweon and in Muan to investigate the regional variations in inheritance and heritabilities of heading date. Among seven F₂ populations, the crosses Chugoku 81×Centurk and Suweon 197× Chugoku 81 gave a 3:1 early to late ratios in F₂ suggesting a single dominant early gene in Chugoku 81. The cross Norin 16×Kanto 75 gave a 7:9 early to late ratio suggesting complementary gene action with lateness dominant. The crosses Strampelli× Chokwang and Suweon 197×Sinkwang gave a 9:7 early to late ratios suggesting complementary genes action with earliness dominant. The crosses Namkwang×Suweon 215 and Norin 4×Bezostaya gave a 1:15 ratio to suggesting duplicate gene action where lateness in dominant. Heading period of the F₂ population in northern Korea teas shorter than that in southern Korea. Broad sense heritabilites in the northern area were lower than that in the southern areas.

韓國에 있어서 小麥 半矮性遺傳子의 起湲, 傳播 및 利用에 關한 硏究

C.H. CHO(曺章煥),B.H. HONG(洪丙憙),M.W. PARK(朴文雄),J.W. SHIM(沈載昱),B.K. KIM(金鳳九) 한국육종학회 1980 한국육종학회지 Vol.12 No.1

Origin, dessemination and utilization of semi-dwarf genes of wheat were studied. Begining of wheat cultivation in Korea was about 3000 years ago and varietal name was given around in 1400 A.D. Original population carrying semi-dwarf genes was found to be Korean native Anzunbaengimil or Nanjangmil which was introduced to Jappan in the period of 1904~1905 and presumably renamed as Daruma. Genetic resemblance of these two populations was discussed. Number of pure-line selections were made from this population and Norin 10 was released in Japan by utilizing this semi-dwarf genes. Korea also released Suweon 92 and Seuseun 27 using same gene sources. Contribution of this semi-dwarf genes to the increase of world wheat production was reviewed. Semi-dwarfing genes of wheat which extended a great contribution for increasing wheat production in the world were investigated on their origin, dissemination, and utilization and the results were summarized as followings. 1. Begining of wheat cultivation in Korea was postulated to be about 3000 years ago considering the history of wheat cultivation of China and Japan. 2. Wheat varietal name was recorded as early as in 1482. However, Nongsajiksul published in 1400 has a brief description about wheat (cultural) methods. Therefore, it is not difficult to presume that varietal name was available to that time. 3. Original population where the semi-dwarf plants were selected were Anzunbaengimil or Nanjangmil which were distributed all where in Korea in the period of 1500~1941. This population had great variation in plant height, presumably a mixture with individuals carrying Rht₁, Rht₂ or Rht₁ Rht₂. 4. Dissemination of Anzunbaengimil to Japan was possiblly made during the period of Imjin Japanese Invasion to Korea, or by the Japanese Agronomists who were dispatched to Korea for investigation of agriculture and land productivity from 1901 to 1905. 5. Anzunbaengimil(Crippled wheat) may be named as Daruma(crippled wheat) after introduction to Japan or renamed as Daruma after pure-line selections were made. Considering such traits as growth habit, glume color, plant, height grain color and plant type it was concluded that Daruma is orginated from Auzunbaengimil population. 6. In Japan, semi-dwarf gene from Daruma population have been utilized extensively and released Norm 10 which became an important world wide breeding material. Seuseun 27 and Suweon 92, the Korean semi-dwarfs, were also improved using same dwarf gene source as Norin 10. 7. Dwarf genes from Daruma population, have contributed for improving several early maturing and high yielding wheat varieties in Korea such as Suweon 85, Chokwang, Suweon 215, 216, 219 and 220. 8. Norin l0/Brfvor 14 was the dwarf gene source for improving Cains and Nugains at Washington State, USA and CIMMYT semi-dwarfs. Coullee, a hard white winter wheat, was improved using Suweon 92, and Seuseun 27 was utilized for improving Tam Wheat and Holley wheats at Texas A&M, USA.

보리 出穗期의 臨界日長의 究明과 日長變動에 따른 組合能力에 관한 硏究

D. J. MAENG(孟敦在),C. H. CHO(曺章煥),B. K. KIM(金鳳九) 한국육종학회 1980 한국육종학회지 Vol.12 No.3

4×4 barley diallel set of cross was tested to study the heading responses under 9-, 11-, 13-, 15-, and 24-hours day conditions and under critical turning point, and to obtain the information for earliness of crossing materials on basis of general and specific combining ability. Critical turning point for heading was expressed under long day condition in. Suweon 4, Suweon 18 and their F₁-hybrids with late heading, while it was showed under short day condition in Haganemugi(11.35 hour). However, critical turning point of F₁-hybrids of Haganemugi was under long day-length condition. Barsoy had the intermediate critical turning point for heading, and its F₁-hybrids revealed shorter critical turning point rather than their parents. All parents and F₁-hybrids headed earlier under long day conditions than under short day conditions. Among the parents the earliest heading was obtained from Haganemugi followed by Barsoy, Suweon 4 and Suweon 18 under all day-length conditions except critical turning point. Positive correlations were obtained between days to heading of parents and of F₁-hybrids, especially appearing the higher correlations under short day conditions. This indicates that mid-parent value gives good predictions of F₁-hybrid values for headings. General combining ability is much more important than specific combining ability for headings, which is mostly controlled by the additive gene action under all day-length conditions including critical turning point. Suweon 4 and Suweon 18 were poor combiners, while Haganemugi and Barsoy were good combiners under all day-length conditions except Haganemugi was expressed as a poor combiner under critical turning point for earliness. For the development of early varieties in heading it is not only necessary to assemble the early genes into particular progenies by early heading varieties with great effect of GCA, but also it is important to diversify the constitution of early genes by crossing between different varieties with extensive genetic background for earliness.