Dekasegi Portuguese: Towards a Nomenclature and Outlining of the Existence of a Portuguese Language Variety in Japan

Felipe Dall’Ava 한국라틴아메리카학회 2021 라틴아메리카연구 Vol.34 No.1

In the 1990s, pressured by an economic slowdown, workforce shortage and a decrease in the birth rate, the Japanese government decided to change some of its immigration laws. This permitted foreign-born individuals who possessed Japanese ancestry (Nikkei) to have access to the Japanese labor market, primarily as blue-collar workers. Since then, a considerable number of Brazilians have moved to Japan and have brought with them their habits, culture, and language. This is the context of the Portuguese language spoken by these Brazilians, which has considerably changed through contact with Japanese and other foreign languages. This new Portuguese language variety has been detected and is being steadily explored in academia, and it has received a range of distinct names. In this paper, I seek to standardize the nomenclature in Portuguese, to develop and establish a name in English and other foreign languages for the variety, as well as to provide a clear definition for the phenomenon to distinguish it from other possible language contacts involving Portuguese and Japanese.

Vascularized Bone Graft Reconstruction for Upper Extremity Defects: A Review

Ava G. Chappell 대한성형외과학회 2023 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.50 No.1

Upper extremity reconstruction may pose clinical challenges for surgeons due to the often-critical, complex functional demands of the damaged and/or missing structures. The advent of vascularized bone grafts (VBGs) has aided in reconstruction of upper extremity (UE) defects due to their superior regenerative properties compared with nonvascularized bone grafts, ability to reconstruct large bony defects, and multiple donor site options. VBGs may be pedicled or free transfers and have the potential for composite tissue transfers when bone and soft tissue are needed. This article provides a comprehensive up-to-date review of VBGs, the commonly reported donor sites, and their indications for the treatment of specific UE defects.

Developing an Interactive Computer Program for Integrated Dental Education

Ava K. Chow,Nazlee Sharmin 대한의료정보학회 2021 Healthcare Informatics Research Vol.27 No.4

Objectives: The knowledge of anatomy is an integral part of dental and medical education that builds the foundations ofpathology, physiology, and other related disciplines. Traditional three-dimensional (3D) models used to teach anatomy cannotrepresent dynamic physiological processes and lack structural detail in the oral regions relevant for dental education. Wedeveloped an interactive computer program to teach oral anatomy, pathology, and microbiology in an integrated manner toimprove students’ learning experiences. Methods: The computer program, Jawnatomy, was developed as a 3D human head. Cognitive load theory guided the design of the tool, with the goal of reducing the heavy cognitive load of learning anatomyand integrating this knowledge with pathology and microbiology. Keller’s attention, relevance, confidence, and satisfaction(ARCS) model of motivational design was used while creating the tool to improve learners’ motivation and engagement. Blender was used to create the graphics, and Unity 3D was used to incorporate interactivity in the program. The 3D renderingsof oral anatomy and progression of tooth decay were created with the input of content experts. Results: Jawnatomy willbe launched in our institution’s dentistry and dental hygiene program to support project- and team-based learning. This programwill also be introduced to students as a self-directed learning tool to help them practice and strengthen their anatomicalknowledge at their own pace. Conclusions: Surveys and focus groups will be conducted to evaluate and further improve thecomputer program. We believe that Jawnatomy will become an invaluable teaching tool for dental education.

대만 현대미술에 나타난 이데올로기적 자연주의의 변용

Ava Hsueh 서양미술사학회 2005 서양미술사학회논문집 Vol.23 No.-

Antecedents to Entrepreneurship Behavior: Moderating Role of Social Support and Entrepreneurial Self Efficacy among Business Students

Ava Shrestha,Sateesh Kumar Ojha 한국데이터전략학회 2023 Journal of information technology applications & m Vol.30 No.3

Considerable agreement exists about the importance of promoting entrepreneurship in both developed and developing countries. In less developed countries, governments see entrepreneurship as a way to stimulate economic development and tackle serious economic and social challenges. So how can countries encourage young people to become entrepreneurs? Research confirms that intentions play an important role in the decision to start a new firm and many factors influence that intentions. The purpose of the study was to investigate the antecedents to entrepreneurship behavior with particular attention to moderating role of social support and entrepreneur self-efficacy. The study covered 116 business students of undergraduate and post graduate level studying under different universities in Kathmandu, Nepal. The questionnaire for data collection was distributed in college groups via WhatsApp and viber with the support and permission from the college administration. The study design used was correlational with a sampling procedure of convenience. The study only showed the impact of attitude to entrepreneurship behavior as well as moderating effect of social support was also observed.

Effect of object position in the field of view and application of a metal artifact reduction algorithm on the detection of vertical root fractures on cone-beam computed tomography scans: An in vitro study

Ava Nikbin,Zahra Dalili Kajan,Mehran Taramsari,Negar Khosravifard 대한영상치의학회 2018 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.48 No.4

Purpose: To assess the effects of object position in the field of view (FOV) and application of a metal artifact reduction (MAR) algorithm on the diagnostic accuracy of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) for the detection of vertical root fractures (VRFs). Materials and Methods: Sixty human single-canal premolars received root canal treatment. VRFs were induced in 30 endodontically treated teeth. The teeth were then divided into 4 groups, with 2 groups receiving metal posts and the remaining 2 only having an empty post space. The roots from different groups were mounted in a phantom made of cow rib bone, and CBCT scans were obtained for the 4 different groups. Three observers evaluated the images independently. Results: The highest frequency of correct diagnoses of VRFs was obtained with the object positioned centrally in the FOV, using the MAR algorithm. Peripheral positioning of the object without the MAR algorithm yielded the highest sensitivity for the first observer (66.7%). For the second and third observers, a central position improved sensitivity, with or without the MAR algorithm. In the presence of metal posts, central positioning of the object in the FOV significantly increased the diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy compared to peripheral positioning. Conclusion: Diagnostic accuracy was higher with central positioning than with peripheral positioning, irrespective of whether the MAR algorithm was applied. However, the effect of the MAR algorithm was more significant with central positioning than with peripheral positioning of the object in the FOV. The clinical experience and expertise of the observers may serve as a confounder in this respect.

What Made Her Give Up Her Breasts: a Qualitative Study on Decisional Considerations for Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy among Breast Cancer Survivors Undergoing BRCA1/2 Genetic Testing

Kwong, Ava,Chu, Annie T.W. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.5

Objective: This qualitative study retrospectively examined the experience and psychological impact of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) among Southern Chinese females with unilateral breast cancer history who underwent BRCA1/2 genetic testing. Limited knowledge is available on this topic especially among Asians; therefore, the aim of this study was to acquire insight from Chinese females' subjective perspectives. Methods: A total of 12 semi-structured in-depth interviews, with 11 female BRCA1/BRCA 2 mutated gene carriers and 1 non-carrier with a history of one-sided breast cancer and genetic testing performed by the Hong Kong Hereditary Breast Cancer Family Registry, who subsequently underwent CPM, were assessed using thematic analysis and a Stage Conceptual Model. Breast cancer history, procedures conducted, cosmetic satisfaction, pain, body image and sexuality issues, and cancer risk perception were discussed. Retrieval of medical records using a prospective database was also performed. Results: All participants opted for prophylaxis due to their reservations concerning the efficacy of surveillance and worries of recurrent breast cancer risk. Most participants were satisfied with the overall results and their decision. One-fourth expressed different extents of regrets. Psychological relief and decreased breast cancer risk were stated as major benefits. Spouses' reactions and support were crucial for post-surgery sexual satisfaction and long-term adjustment. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that thorough education on cancer risk and realistic expectations of surgery outcomes are crucial for positive adjustment after CPM. Appropriate genetic counseling and pre-and post-surgery psychological counseling were necessary. This study adds valuable contextual insights into the experiences of living with breast cancer fear and the importance of involving spouses when counseling these patients.

Effect of object position in the field of view and application of a metal artifact reduction algorithm on the detection of vertical root fractures on cone-beam computed tomography scans: An in vitro study

Nikbin, Ava,Kajan, Zahra Dalili,Taramsari, Mehran,Khosravifard, Negar Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology 2018 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.48 No.4

Purpose: To assess the effects of object position in the field of view (FOV) and application of a metal artifact reduction (MAR) algorithm on the diagnostic accuracy of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) for the detection of vertical root fractures(VRFs). Materials and Methods: Sixty human single-canal premolars received root canal treatment. VRFs were induced in 30 endodontically treated teeth. The teeth were then divided into 4 groups, with 2 groups receiving metal posts and the remaining 2 only having an empty post space. The roots from different groups were mounted in a phantom made of cow rib bone, and CBCT scans were obtained for the 4 different groups. Three observers evaluated the images independently. Results: The highest frequency of correct diagnoses of VRFs was obtained with the object positioned centrally in the FOV, using the MAR algorithm. Peripheral positioning of the object without the MAR algorithm yielded the highest sensitivity for the first observer (66.7%). For the second and third observers, a central position improved sensitivity, with or without the MAR algorithm. In the presence of metal posts, central positioning of the object in the FOV significantly increased the diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy compared to peripheral positioning. Conclusion: Diagnostic accuracy was higher with central positioning than with peripheral positioning, irrespective of whether the MAR algorithm was applied. However, the effect of the MAR algorithm was more significant with central positioning than with peripheral positioning of the object in the FOV. The clinical experience and expertise of the observers may serve as a confounder in this respect.

Molecular identification of selected bees from the Indian Himalaya: A preliminary effort

Pakrashi Avas,Kundu Shantanu,Saini Jagdish,Tyagi Kaomud,Chandra Kailash,Kumar Vikas 한국응용곤충학회 2020 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.23 No.4

DNA barcoding has largely been tested for a wide range of taxa and evidenced as a reliable and rapid molecular tool for species-level identification. The present study lends to generate 156 DNA barcodes, of which 141 belonged to 30 morphologically identified bees from the Indian Himalayan Regions (IHRs). The generated barcode data along with 84 sequences of global database distinctly discriminated all the studied species with sufficient genetic distances and cohesive monophyletic clustering in Bayesian analysis (BA) phylogeny. The species delimitation methods, Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD), Bayesian Poisson-Tree-Processes (bPTP), and General Mixed Yule-coalescent (GMYC) yielded 68, 70, and 71 molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) respectively. The present DNA barcode-based examination detected the possible cryptic diversity in two Apis species (A. cerana and A. dorsata), Bombus hypnorum, Lepidotrigona arcifera, and Ceratina sutepensis. The present study also evidenced the species complexes within Bombus albopleuralis and Bombus trifasciatus in the IHRs. The species delimitation methods also detected an additional seven putative species from the IHRs, which were identified up to the genus level. In conclusion, this preliminary effort helps to develop a reliable barcode database of bees from the Indian IHRs to facilitate the future systematics study. These molecular data can be utilized to evaluate the population structures and assist to formulate the effective plans for bee conservation.

Implementing Augmented Reality to Facilitate the Learning of Oral Histology

Nazlee Sharmin,Ava K. Chow,Dominic Votta,Nathanial Maeda 대한의료정보학회 2022 Healthcare Informatics Research Vol.28 No.2

Objectives: The study of biological materials under a microscope is known as histology, which is one of the most challengingsubjects for students. Our objective was to develop a learning tool that can reduce the extrinsic load of studying histology andmake learning enjoyable and flexible. We used augmented reality (AR) to create a cellphone application called Dental AR. With Dental AR, students can use their cellphones as dynamic flashcards to hide or reveal the annotations of a histology slide. Our application enables students to study, practice, and self-test oral histology knowledge at their own pace. Methods: Weused Unity3D with Vuforia to develop Dental AR. To generate a set of target images, oral histology glass slides were scannedand converted to digital images. Annotated versions of the slides were used as output for the corresponding target images. Tounderstand user experiences and satisfaction with Dental AR, first-year dentistry students were invited to complete an onlinesurvey. Results: Dental AR was successfully developed and released on both the Apple and Google Play online app stores. The survey of dentistry students indicated overall satisfaction with Dental AR and willingness to use similar applications inother subjects. Conclusions: Dental AR can be used for in-class activities, gamification, and providing students with practicequestions to study and self-test outside the classroom. This application can be expanded in the future to incorporate moretarget images, videos, and interactive components to make learning histology less challenging and more enjoyable.