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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Ashish Shrestha (검색결과 2 건)
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Assessment on Scaling-Up of Mini-Grid Initiative: Case Study of Mini-Grid in Rural Nepal
Pramish Shrestha,Ashish Shrestha,Namrata Tusuju Shrestha,Antonis Papadakis,Ramesh Kumar Maskey 한국정밀공학회 2021 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.8 No.1
A majority of Nepalese population are living in rural areas, where the electricity access by grid extension is not feasible. Development of micro-hydropower in the isolated state is one of the solutions to provide the electricity to these areas. However, the micro-hydro systems are facing numerous challenges, such as high investment cost, low reliability, low load factor and protection issues. For this reason, the concept of mini-grid has been developed to address the discussed challenges. In this study, a case study of a mini-grid, which is formed by interconnecting six isolated Micro Hydropower Plants (MHPs) with an installed capacity of 107 kW at a transmission voltage of 11 kV, is considered. This study performs the technical and financial analysis, to study the possibility for scaling up the system. Based on different factors, optimum models have been selected, considering a numbers of different cases including cost–benefit and sensitivity analysis. The mini-grid connection of several isolated MHPs is technically possible, but the financial feasibility depends upon various factors, such as the distance between the MHPs, end-use promotion, total capacity of MHPs, future load growth, promotion mechanisms, power trading with utility, etc. The findings show that sustainable operation of mini-grid requires the local capacity building, coordination, and understanding among community cooperatives.
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Tribological changes in the articular cartilage of a human femoral head with avascular necrosis.
Seo, Eun-Min,Shrestha, Suman K,Duong, Cong-Truyen,Sharma, Ashish Ranjan,Kim, Tae-Woo,Vijayachandra, Ayyappan,Thompson, Mark S,Cho, Myung Guk,Park, Sungchan,Kim, Kwanghoon,Park, Seonghun,Lee, Sang-Soo American Vacuum Society 2015 Biointerphases Vol.10 No.2
<P>The present study evaluated the tribological properties of the articular cartilage surface of the human femoral head with postcollapse stage avascular necrosis (AVN) using atomic force microscopy. The cartilage surface in the postcollapse stage AVN of the femoral head was reported to resemble those of disuse conditions, which suggests that the damage could be reversible and offers the possibilities of success of head-sparing surgeries. By comparing the tribological properties of articular cartilage in AVN with that of osteoarthritis, the authors intended to understand the cartilage degeneration mechanism and reversibility of AVN. Human femoral heads with AVN were explanted from the hip replacement surgery of four patients (60-83 years old). Nine cylindrical cartilage samples (diameter, 5 mm and height, 0.5 mm) were sectioned from the weight-bearing areas of the femoral head with AVN, and the cartilage surface was classified according to the Outerbridge Classification System (AVN0, normal; AVN1, softening and swelling; and AVN2, partial thickness defect and fissuring). Tribological properties including surface roughness and frictional coefficients and histochemistry including Safranin O and lubricin staining were compared among the three groups. The mean surface roughness Rq values of AVN cartilage increased significantly with increasing Outerbridge stages: Rq = 137 26 nm in AVN0, Rq = 274 49 nm in AVN1, and Rq = 452 77 nm in AVN2. Significant differences in Rq were observed among different Outerbridge stages in all cases (p < 0.0001). The frictional coefficients (μ) also increased with increasing Outerbridge stages. The frictional coefficient values were μ = 0.115 0.034 in AVN0, μ = 0.143 0.025 in AVN1, and μ = 0.171 0.039 in AVN2. Similarly to the statistical analysis of surface roughness, significant statistical differences were detected between different Outerbridge stages in all cases (p < 0.05). Both surface roughness and frictional coefficient of cartilage, which were linearly correlated, increased with increasing Outerbridge stages in postcollapse AVN. The underlying mechanism of these results can be related to proteoglycan loss within the articular cartilage that is also observed in osteoarthritis. With regard to the tribological properties, the cartilage degeneration mechanism in AVN was similar to that of osteoarthritis without reversibility.</P>
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