Visualization of 3-D digital elevation model for landslide assessment and prediction in mountainous terrain: A case study of Chandmari landslide, Sikkim, eastern Himalayas

Chandra Shekhar Dubey,Manoj Chaudhry,Braj Kishore Sharma,Arvind Chandra Pandey,Bhoop Singh 한국지질과학협의회 2005 Geosciences Journal Vol.9 No.4

Techniques for recognizing and mapping of land-slides are complex in mountainous terrains. Most of the methodsapplied to landslide identification and prediction involves assign-ment of different contributing factors in landslide hazard zonation;digital elevation modeling capabilities and Guided Visual Program(GVP) module of Datamine Software is utilized to successfullyenumerate the various contributing factors for causing the land-slide in Sikim, Eastern Himalaya in the case study of ChandmariLandslide. A landslide warning system is discussed for the site-specific Chandmari landslide area.

Forest health estimation in Sholayar Reserve Forest, Kerala using AVIRIS-NG hyperspectral data

Shahbaz Ahmad,Arvind Chandra Pandey,Amit Kumar,Nikhil V. Lele,Bimal K. Bhattacharya 대한공간정보학회 2020 Spatial Information Research Vol.28 No.1

The present study deals with analyzing forest health, its parameters, and suitability of hyperspectral data for vegetation health-related studies. Sholayar reserve forest in Kerala has a huge reserve of equatorial moist evergreen forest and demands preservation in every respect. Due to increased human interferences coupled with possible climate change, its health is undergoing a stage of deterioration. Stress levels in the canopy were assessed using a number of stress-related pigments. Detailed study of vegetation response to canopy leaf pigments have been carried out in the study. Airborne Visible Infrared Imaging Spectrometer Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG) data provides immense possibilities to study a number of stress-related pigments like anthocyanin, carotenoid, lignin, chlorophylla, b etc. Dominant species in these forests are Holigarna arnottiana, Grevillea robusta, Grewia tiliifolia, Syzygium cumini, Alstonia Scholaris, Cinnamomum verum, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Bischofia javanica, Mangifera indica, Bombax ceiba, Anogeissus latifolia, Terminalia paniculata etc. Apart from luscious natural vegetation, plantation of teak (Tectona Grandis), rubber (Hevea brasiliensis), tea (Camellia sinensis), Coffee (Coffee Arabica), Palm-Oil tree (Elaeis guineensis) etc. also exists. Field data pertaining to one of the selected pigments was correlated with remotely sensed pigment estimates. Correlation of field measured chlorophyll concentration and EVI showed R2 = 0.421. Similarly, the anthocyanin index showed a correlation of R2 = 0.319. In the Sholayar Reserve Forest (493.0 km2 ) an area of 141.0 km2 was found to be in a healthy state. Whereas about 218.0 km2 of area exhibit moderately healthy condition and 77.0 km2 area was in the least healthy state.

Spatio-temporal variability of monsoon precipitation and their effect on precipitation triggered landslides in relation to relief in Himalayas

Kashyap Rahul,Pandey Arvind Chandra,Parida Bikash Ranjan 대한공간정보학회 2021 Spatial Information Research Vol.29 No.6

Orography of Himalaya governs the regional weather system and monsoon of Indian sub-continent. The intense persistent precipitation in the form of rainfall during monsoon season causes landslides which are the most frequent naturally occurring hazards in the Himalaya. This study attempts to investigate the spatio-temporal variability of precipitation and their effect on precipitation triggered landslides during monsoon season (June–September) in relation to relief in Himalayan region by utilizing satellitederived precipitation products (GPM) over the span of 2000–2018 in addition to NASA Landslide Viewer, Global Landslide Catalog and Global Risk Data Platform data for landslides and ASTER DEM for elevation. The results exhibit that the Eastern Himalayas received the highest amount of precipitation of 2385 mm with intensity of 19.5 mm/day, followed by the Central Himalayas with 1860 mm and intensity of 17.5 mm/day and the least in the Western Himalayas with 1400 mm and intensity of 15 mm/day, respectively. The monsoon precipitation in the lower elevations (below 2600 m) are mostly responsible for causing a vast majority of the precipitation induced landslide events with a maximum of 68.66% in the Central Himalayas followed by the Western Himalayas at 62.23% and the least in the Eastern Himalayas at 41.16%. The overall accumulated precipitation and intensity during monsoon season and landslide distribution were strongly correlated with relief pattern. This comprehensive study signifies how relief regulated the occurrences of landslides in monsoon season and recommends vegetation cover and least interference of human-induced land use to alleviate the landslides.

Spatio-temporal assessment of urban environmental conditions in Ranchi Township, India using remote sensing and Geographical Information System techniques

Amit Kumar,Arvind Chandra Pandey 서울시립대학교 도시과학연구원 2013 도시과학국제저널 Vol.17 No.1

The present study investigates the status of the urban environment in Ranchi, a rapidly growing city in the eastern part of India. The various environmental indicators viz.,ambient air quality, aerosol concentration, ambient noise level and urban green space were analysed in a spatio-temporal framework by employing geoinformatics. The ambient air quality measurement indicates a high concentration of Suspended Particulate Matter (>300μg/m3) and Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter (>200μg/m3), as well as low level concentrations of sulphur dioxide (<60μg/m3) and nitrogen dioxide (<60μg/m3) in Ranchi Township. The concentration of ambient air pollutants was significantly higher in Ranchi as compared to other major urban centres of Jharkhand. The spatial distribution of aerosol optical depth (AOD) indicated variation with high concentrations at transportation junctions (0.30–0.35% at 340 nm) and road junctions (>0.30%at 340 nm), and lowconcentrations (<0.22% at 340 nm) at planned residential areas. The AOD concentration in Ranchi was lower (<0.35% at 340 nm) compared to the Patratu coal mining-cum-industrial region (>0.8% at 340 nm). The majority of the locations in Ranchi exhibited ambient noise levels above the prescribed limits with an increasing trend from 2005 to 2010. The core urban area was the noisier one (>65 dB(A)) when compared to the peripheral areas in the city. The spatial assessment of urban green space derived fromWorldView-II satellite data indicated the existence of adequate green spaces (12.7%) within Ranchi Township, although urban cores are largely devoid of green space due to dense built-up land. The study exhibited that vegetation significantly contributes in noise attenuation and a reduction in aerosol concentration.

Multiple indices based drought analysis by using long term climatic variables over a part of Koel river basin, India

Stuti Chaudhary,Arvind Chandra Pandey 대한공간정보학회 2020 Spatial Information Research Vol.28 No.2

The present study demonstrates changes in vegetation pattern and climatic variability in past years in the parts of Koel basin in Jharkhand state of India by considering the spatial climatic variability, NDVI anomaly and satellite based drought indices viz Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI). Least square statistical method has been used for assessment of long term climatic fluctuation of major four climatic parameters viz maximum temperature of summer season, minimum temperature of winter season, rainfall of monsoon season, and solar radiation of Rabi and kharif season. Analysis of climate extremes has been done for 26 locations in the study area and then interpolated spatially in Geographical Information System platform. Long term NDVI anomaly shows adverse effect of climate extreme in past 20 years in the study area. The climatic variability exhibits that average maximum temperature during 1979–2017 fluctuates with an increase of 0.50–0.81 C contrary to a decrease of 0.32–0.15 C in various parts of study area. Similarly rainfall fluctuates with a decrease of 26–90 mm contrary to an increase of 19–230 mm. Drought prone zones as delineated from spatial overlaying map of VCI, TCI and VHI indicated value from 23 to 55. Major part of the study area severely affected by drought facing water scarcity and mediocre vegetation condition. These areas need proper planning and soil moisture management to overcome the recurrent drought conditions perceived in upcoming years.

MODIS based forest fire hotspot analysis and its relationship with climatic variables

Binita Kumari,Arvind Chandra Pandey 대한공간정보학회 2020 Spatial Information Research Vol.28 No.1

Global warming caused an increase of forest fire events worldwide causing widespread forest degradation. Geospatial techniques aid in analysing climatic parameters to examine their relationship with forest fire. The research analyses time series forest fire events during 2001–2017 to deduce forest fire hotspots in PTR. MODIS forest fire spots was converted into points and hotspot analysis tool was used to map hotspot. The forest fire incidences were analysed with reference to climatic parameters viz. precipitation, solar radiation (SR), mean temperature and relative humidity (RH). The average RH was highest in May (0.69) and lowest in March (0.18), whereas high temperature with low RH was observed till the end of April. The SR was highest in April (27.24 MJ/m2 ) whereas lowest in May (15.68 MJ/m2 ). Satellite based land surface temperature (LST) was compared with fire spot and found that area having high temperature lies under high forest fire zone. The highest LST observed was 49.52 C whereas the lowest was 29.40 C. The study revealed that most forest fires occurred during March–April and total forest fire events was 1212. For accuracy assessment an analysis between fire pixels and post fire data from Landsat was shown, which showed that same areas were under forest fires during 2001–2017.

Estimating thickness of Zemu glacier, Sikkim (India) using ice-flow velocity approach: a geoinformatics based perspective

Shubham Bhattacharjee,Arvind Chandra Pandey 대한공간정보학회 2023 Spatial Information Research Vol.31 No.5

In the present scenario of warming climate, overall health of the glaciers along with sea level rise/fall are directly impacted by glacial dynamics. However due to inaccessible high altitude regions and devastating climate, the in-situ observations are hindered via field excursions. The present study incorporated usability of geographical information system based ice-flow velocity approach using glacier surface velocity and slope for estimating thickness of Zemu glacier in Sikkim. The study revealed thickness of 80 ± 9.6 m to 160 ± 19.2 m near snout followed by 240 ± 28.8 m to 320 ± 38.4 m in upper reaches of accumulation zone of Zemu glacier. However due to gentle slope, thickness ranged between 320 ± 38.4 m and > 400 ± 49.2 m (~ 418 ± 50.16 m) was observed in the central trunk or middle reaches of the glacier. An uncertainty of 12% was observed while calculation the glacier thickness. Relationship between glacier velocity and depth has also been established which has shown inverse characteristics due to variability of bed topography and drag effects. Proper validation of results for each study with existing field observations and literatures depicted the utility and correctness of the present study via satellite based observations.

Change detection of landscape connectivity arisen by forest transformation in Hazaribagh wildlife sanctuary, Jharkhand (India)

Gupta Saurabh Kumar,Pandey Arvind Chandra 대한공간정보학회 2020 Spatial Information Research Vol.28 No.4

Forest land conversion is the primary driver of biodiversity decline worldwide. Hazaribagh wildlife sanctuary is a region of rich biodiversity in which forests and wildlife are deteriorating fast. The prime reasons for forest degradation and wildlife loss are the landscape connectivity weakening and forest transformation. In the present work, landscape connectivity and forest transformation relationships were analyzed in a spatio-temporal domain. The forest patches as a group of spectral abundance were extracted using the endmember retrieval technique. The connectivity analysis was performed by using a connectivity index in the extracted forest patches. Forest transformation is calculated using a post-classification change detection strategy for five types of forest cover during the four phases of the year (1992–2005, 2005–2010, 2010–2017 and 1992–2017). The forest cover was measured using a forest canopy density model using spectral indices. The landscape connectivity of 80–100% exhibit a rapid increase of 38% in 2005 from 1992 contrary to a 13% decrease in 2010 and 2017. The 23% loss of forest cover from 2005 to 2010 and a 17% loss in 2010–2017 phase of forest transformation weakened the forest connectivity. Forest cover, having a density higher than 40% was more vulnerable to degradation and landscape connectivity loss. The result shows that such declines of forest cover and landscape connectivity will reduce the genetic diversity in the forest, especially the mammalian population.

Major forests and plant species discrimination in Mudumalai forest region using airborne hyperspectral sensing

Bodi Surya Pratap Chandra Kishore,Amit Kumar,Purabi Saikia,Nikhil Lele,Arvind Chandra Pandey,Parul Srivastava,Bimal Kumar Bhattacharya,Mohamed Latif Khan 국립중앙과학관 2020 Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity Vol.13 No.4

The present study focused on forest type classification and major plant species assemblages in Mudumalaiforest region using Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer Next Generation. The phytosociologicalanalysis exhibited a total of 657 individuals (1095 individuals ha-1) of 24 tree speciesbelonging to 22 genera and 18 families. The highest tree density was contributed by Tectona grandis (132individuals ha-1 and 12.05% of total tree density) followed by Anogeissus latifolia (105 individuals ha-1 and9.59% of total tree density). The support vector machine study showed the dominance of SouthernTropical Semi-Evergreen forests (31%) followed by Southern Tropical moist deciduous forests (26.7%) andSouthern Tropical dry deciduous forests (24.8%) with a very high accuracy (92.37%). The comparativeanalysis of the existing forest types with Champion and Seth’s (1968) classification of forests exhibited achange of 30% in forest types in terms of their structure, composition, and extent over a period of 50years. The spectral angle mapperebased study emphasized the defining role of elevation, rainfall, andtemperature in species distribution, and physiognomy with dominance of A. latifolia (w19.22%). Thestudy implies the high spectral fidelity of airborne images for forest type mapping and plant speciesdiscrimination in tropical forests.

Geoinformatics based assessment of coastal multi-hazard vulnerability along the East Coast of India

K. K. Basheer Ahammed,Arvind Chandra Pandey 대한공간정보학회 2019 Spatial Information Research Vol.27 No.3

Climate change is one of the major threatens that coastal areas facing, and these coastal areas already stressed by large population. Past 4 decades tremendous tropical cyclones and associated flood are dismantled the coastline and resulted inundation and displacement of the coastal landforms. In the present study, coastal multi hazard vulnerability mapping has been carried out along the Krishna– Godavari deltaic plain, eastern coast of India. The study area consisting of four district include East Godavari, West Godavari, Krishna and Gundur which are the area affected by coastal hazards and climate variability. The area witnessed a high erosion rate up to 18 m/year in comparison to other regions in the state. Further this area exhibit low elevated topography, therefore sea level rise would lead to permanent inundation. In the study also identified about that 1147 sq km area is falling under multi hazard zone and around 102 coastal villages are under threat. This study revealed that the use of multi layer information combined with geospatial tools is most reliable and coast effective approach for disaster preparedness and adaptation. The result obtained from the present study may serve the baseline information for disaster management planning in the area.