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      • Dual-Color Emissive Upconversion Nanocapsules for Differential Cancer Bioimaging <i>In Vivo</i>

        Kwon, Oh Seok,Song, Hyun Seok,Conde, Joã,o,Kim, Hyoung-il,Artzi, Natalie,Kim, Jae-Hong American Chemical Society 2016 ACS NANO Vol.10 No.1

        <P>Early diagnosis of tumor malignancy is crucial for timely cancer treatment aimed at imparting desired clinical outcomes. The traditional fluorescence based imaging is unfortunately faced with challenges such as low tissue penetration and background autofluorescence. Upconversion (UC)-based bioimaging can overcome these limitations as their excitation occurs at lower frequencies and the emission at higher frequencies. In this study, multifunctional silica -based nanocapsules were synthesized to encapsulate two distinct triplet triplet annihilation UC chromophore pairs. Each nanocapsule emits different colors, blue or green, following a red light excitation. These nanocapsules were further conjugated with either antibodies or peptides to selectively target breast or colon cancer cells, respectively. Both in vitro and in vivo experimental results herein demonstrate cancer -specific and differential -color imaging from single wavelength excitation as well as far greater accumulation at targeted tumor sites than that due to the enhanced permeability and retention effect. This approach can be used to host a variety of chromophore pairs for various tumor -specific, color -coding scenarios and can be employed for diagnosis of a wide range of cancer types within the heterogeneous tumor microenvironment.</P>

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        3D hydrogel scaffold doped with 2D graphene materials for biosensors and bioelectronics

        Song, Hyun Seok,Kwon, Oh Seok,Kim, Jae-Hong,Conde, Joã,o,Artzi, Natalie Elsevier 2017 Biosensors & bioelectronics Vol.89 No.1

        <P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Hydrogels consisting of three-dimensional (3D) polymeric networks have found a wide range of applications in biotechnology due to their large water capacity, high biocompatibility, and facile functional versatility. The hydrogels with stimulus-responsive swelling properties have been particularly instrumental to realizing signal transduction in biosensors and bioelectronics. Graphenes are two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials with unprecedented physical, optical, and electronic properties and have also found many applications in biosensors and bioelectronics. These two classes of materials present complementary strengths and limitations which, when effectively coupled, can result in significant synergism in their electrical, mechanical, and biocompatible properties. This report reviews recent advances made with hydrogel and graphene materials for the development of high-performance bioelectronics devices. The report focuses on the interesting intersection of these materials wherein 2D graphenes are hybridized with 3D hydrogels to develop the next generation biosensors and bioelectronics.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> This review discusses how 3D hydrogel platforms can be doped with 2D materials like graphene for biosensing and bioelectronics applications. </LI> <LI> This review illustrates novel concepts in the application of hydrogels and graphenes as excellent optical and electrical biosensors. </LI> <LI> This review also provides a future perspective about using Hydrogel-graphene hybrids as supercapacitors and injectable biosensors. </LI> </UL> </P>

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