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Mokrani, Lubna,Jawhar, Mohammad,Shoaib, Amina,Arabi, Mohammad Imad Eddin The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2012 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.28 No.3
The fungus Pyrenophora graminea is the causal agent of barley leaf stripe disease. Two leaf stripe isolates PgSy3 (exhibiting high virulence on the barley cultivar 'Arabi Abiad') and PgSy1 (exhibiting low virulence on Arabi Abiad), were mated and 63 progeny were isolated and phenotyped for the reaction on Arabi Abiad. The population segregated in a 1:1 ratio, 32 virulent to 31 avirulent (${\chi}^2$ = 0.05, P = 0.36), indicating single gene control of PgSy3 virulence on Arabi Abiad. Among 96 AFLP markers identified, three AFLP markers, E37M50-400, E35M59-100 and E38M47-800 were linked to the virulence locus VHv1 in isolate PgSy3. The results of this study indicate that (the three markers) are closely linked to VHv1 and are unique to isolates carrying the virulence locus. This work represents an initial step towards map-based cloning of VHv1 in P. graminea.
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Lubna Mokrani,Mohammad Jawhar,Amina Shoaib,Mohammad Imad Eddin Arabi 한국식물병리학회 2012 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.28 No.3
The fungus Pyrenophora graminea is the causal agent of barley leaf stripe disease. Two leaf stripe isolates PgSy3(exhibiting high virulence on the barley cultivar ‘Arabi Abiad’) and PgSy1 (exhibiting low virulence on Arabi Abiad), were mated and 63 progeny were isolated and phenotyped for the reaction on Arabi Abiad. The population segregated in a 1:1 ratio, 32 virulent to 31avirulent (χ2 = 0.05, P = 0.36), indicating single gene control of PgSy3 virulence on Arabi Abiad. Among 96AFLP markers identified, three AFLP markers, E37M50-400, E35M59-100 and E38M47-800 were linked to the virulence locus VHv1 in isolate PgSy3. The results of this study indicate that (the three markers) are closely linked to VHv1 and are unique to isolates carrying the virulence locus. This work represents an initial step towards map-based cloning of VHv1 in P. graminea.
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Greenhouse Method for Assessing Spot Blotch Resistance in Barley
Arabi, Mohammad Imad Eddin,Jawhar, Mohammad The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2010 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.26 No.4
New sources of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) resistant to spot blotch, caused by Cochliobolus sativus, are needed to provide effective resistance because of the rapid change pathotype patterns of C. sativus in fields. The purposes of our study were to develop a method to screen barley for resistance to spot blotch disease and then use this methodology to screen barley genotypes for resistance to the major virulent pathotype Pt4 in barley populations in Syria. A transparent tape method, in which a conidial suspension of C. sativus was dropped onto transparent tape and placed, treated-side down, on the second leaf surface of barley plants. Disease symptoms of fungus were easily detected on the leaves covered by the transparent tape after 48h of inoculation. The transparent tape method was repeatable and the disease scores obtained were correlated (r = 0.91, P = 0.001) with those obtained by the seedling assay. This method may be beneficial in various plant pathology breeding programs.
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Arabi, Hesam Edin,Park, Minkyu,Pournoury, Marzieh,Oh, Kyunghwan Optical Society of America 2011 Optics express Vol.19 No.9
<P>We numerically investigated the enhanced optical transmission through sub-wavelength centered-polygonal hole arrays (CPHA) in a thin Ag film deposited on the silica substrate. In octagonal and decagonal-CPHAs, we observed new hybrid transmission characteristics that were inherited from both crystalline and quasi-crystalline hole arrays. This peculiar nature was attributed to the unique arrangement of CPHAs which can be covered with copies of a single unit cell as in crystalline arrays, and their rotational symmetry as observed in quasi-crystalline arrays. Hybrid natures in CPHAs were further investigated in the transmission spectra and Fourier space representations of the arrays. Contributions from the nearest neighbor hole-to-hole distance to enhanced transmission were analyzed in order to quantify the plasmonic contributions from the Air/Ag interface and Silica/Ag interface. We also investigated the impact of layer structure, Air/Ag/Air versus Air/Ag/Silica in the transmissions and found that in CPHAs in Air/Ag/Silica structures, contributions from the Air/Ag interface became dominant in contrast to crystalline hole arrays with lower fold symmetry.</P>
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Accumulation of Transcripts Abundance after Barley Inoculation with Cochliobolus sativus
Arabi, Mohammad Imad Eddin,AL-Daoude, Antonious,Shoaib, Amina,Jawhar, Mohammad The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2015 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.31 No.1
Spot blotch caused by the hemibiotrophic pathogen Cochliobolus sativus has been the major yield-reducing factor for barley production during the last decade. Monitoring transcriptional reorganization triggered in response to this fungus is an essential first step for the functional analysis of genes involved in the process. To characterize the defense responses initiated by barley resistant and susceptible cultivars, a survey of transcript abundance at early time points of C. sativus inoculation was conducted. A notable number of transcripts exhibiting significant differential accumulations in the resistant and susceptible cultivars were detected compared to the non-inoculated controls. At the p-value of 0.0001, transcripts were divided into three general categories; defense, regulatory and unknown function, and the resistant cultivar had the greatest number of common transcripts at different time points. Quantities of differentially accumulated gene transcripts in both cultivars were identified at 24 h post infection, the approximate time when the pathogen changes trophic lifestyles. The unique and common accumulated transcripts might be of considerable interest for enhancing effective resistance to C. sativus.
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Pathogenic Groups Identified Among Isolates of Rhynchosporium secalis
Arabi, Mohammad Imad Eddin,Al-Shehadah, Eyad,Jawhar, Mohammad The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2010 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.26 No.3
Scald, caused by Rhynchosporium secalis has been the major yield-reducing factor for barley production during the last decade. In this study, pathogenic groups of R. secalis were identified to obtain a global picture of the assembly of isolates involved in Syrian populations which is essential for the development of scald-resistant barley cultivars. To identify a number of pathogenic groups, 49 isolates collected over ten years from major barley growing areas in Syria were evaluated on five differential barley genotypes. Genotypes presented a continuous range of response from highly susceptible to moderately resistant, but none were immune to the disease. A cluster analysis placed isolates in six distinct differential pathogenic groups. Mean disease rating of 39.24% was the separation point between avirulent and virulent reactions. Isolate Rs46 exhibited distinct differential virulence patterns associated with high frequency across all genotypes. Hence, the data presented here provides crucial information for future selection of isolates to develop durable barley scald resistance.
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Vegetative Compatibility Groups and Virulence Variation Among Isolates of Pyrenophora graminea
Arabi, Mohammad Imad Eddin,Jawhar, Mohammad The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2011 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.27 No.2
Pyrenophora graminea, the causal agent of leaf stripe disease, is an economically important pathogen of barley found worldwide. Forty-four isolates of diverse geographical origin within Syria were grouped into vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) by demonstrating heterokaryosis by complementation tests using nitrate nonutilizing (nit) mutants. All isolates were grouped into three VCGs-1-A, 1-B and 1-C. No self-incompatibility was observed in any of the isolates tested. VCG 1-A was the most common group within growing regions in Syria and proved to be the most virulent of the VCGs identified. These data indicate that the level of virulence in P. graminea is related to VCG.
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Arabi N. S. Alqadi,Kamal Nasharuddin Bin Mustapha,Sivakumar Naganathan,Qahir N. S. Al-Kadi 대한토목학회 2012 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.16 No.3
This research presents the details of an investigation carried out to study the effect of the addition of constituent material parameters on the fresh and hardened state properties of self-compacting concrete using a central composite design approach combined with response surface methodology. Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) mixtures were made with the addition cement,coarse aggregate, sand, fly ash and super plasticizer in various proportions and their fresh state properties (J-ring, segregation resistance and V-funnel) and hardened properties (compressive strength at 28 days and modulus of elasticity) were measured. Results were analysed using a statistical model that was able to predict the effect of the independent variables on the responses by using multiple regression analysis. The coupled effect of the responses was carried out. An analysis of variance was used to determine the adequacy between the model and experimental values. It was concluded that models of a full quadratic can be used to evaluate the influence of constituent materials on the properties of SCC. All the mixtures developed exhibited fresh state property values which were within the range permitted in the SCC guidelines. Optimizations of the responses were done by using response surface methodology. It was concluded that the fresh properties cited were 18.3 seconds V-funnel, 849 mm J-ring flow, and 17.8%segregation resistance and the hardened properties were 35.254 to 48.174 MPa of the compressive strength and 27.214 to 39.026MPa for the modulus of elasticity.
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Fiber optic engine for micro projection display
Arabi, Hesam Edin,An, Sohee,Oh, Kyunghwan The Optical Society 2010 Optics express Vol.18 No.5
<P>A novel compact optical engine for a micro projector display is experimentally demonstrated, which is composed of RGB light sources, a tapered 3 x 1 Fiber Optic Color Synthesizer (FOCS) along with a fiberized ball-lens, and a two dimensional micro electromechanical scanning mirror. In the proposed optical engine, we successfully employed an all-fiber beam shaping technique combining optical fiber taper and fiberized ball lens that can render a narrow beam and enhance the resolution of the screened image in the far field. Optical performances of the proposed device assembly are investigated in terms of power loss, collimating strength of the collimator assembly, and color gamut of the output.</P>
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