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The Effect of Bilateral Labor Agreements on Trade
Anna Maximova(Anna Maximova ),Mihai Paraschiv(Mihai Paraschiv ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 2022 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.37 No.4
The period following the end of World War II is marked by increased international cooperation aimed, among other things, at promoting economic integration. As part of these efforts, national governments adopted policies to remove/reduce barriers to the exchange of goods and services as well as the movement of capital and labor. Although the impact of international trade and investment treaties on trade has been extensively documented, little to no attention has been paid to the potential impact of bilateral labor agreements (BLAs) on commerce flows. This study uses a novel dataset of BLAs within a gravity framework and finds that, over 5 years following signature, BLAs have a positive and significant effect on aggregate exports and exports of differentiated goods (i.e., chemicals and miscellaneous manufactured goods).
The Role of Social Support, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation in the Exercise Behavior of Women
Anna M. Colangelo(Anna M. Colangelo ),Carol S. Weissbrod(Carol S. Weissbrod ) 사피엔시아 2019 Exercise Medicine Vol.3 No.-
Objectives: The purpose of the study was to explore factors related to exercise behavior (i.e., concrete physical social support, general social support, exercise social support, exercise self-efficacy and intrinsic/extrinsic motivation) to determine how these factors vary in relation to women’s exercise behavior. Further, the study examined how exercise social support, exercise self-efficacy and intrinsic/extrinsic motivation relate to the stability of exercise behavior over time. Methods: A community sample of 357 adult female participants, completed a baseline online survey. Participants were recruited online, by email, or by posters and were asked to participate in a study investigating women’s daily activities. After three months, a total of 243 participants completed a follow-up online survey (68% response rate). Results: At baseline, the study identified significant differences for all of the factors by stage of change except for concrete physical social support. Women reported differing levels of reliable alliance (p<.001), exercise social support (p<.001), exercise self-efficacy (p<.001), and extrinsic (p<.001) and intrinsic (p<.001) motivation by stage. When the factors were examined over a three month time frame, there were differences in reported exercise social support (p<.001), exercise self-efficacy(p<.001), and intrinsic(p<.001)/extrinsic (p<.001) motivation based on the stability of exercise behavior. Conclusions: Overall, the findings from the current study suggest that there are a number of factors that could encourage the initiation and maintenance of exercise behavior, including social support, motivation and self-efficacy. An interesting finding in the current study was that having an actual partner for exercise did not have a significant influence on women’s exercise behavior.
Caires, Taiara A.,Lyra, Goia de M.,Hentschke, Guilherme S.,da Silva, Aaron Matheus S.,de Araujo, Valter L.,Sant'Anna, Celia L.,Nunes, Jose Marcos de C. The Korean Society of Phycology 2018 ALGAE Vol.33 No.4
Lyngbya C. Agardh ex Gomont is a nonheterocytous cyanobacterial genus whose evolutionary history is still poorly known. The traditionally defined Lyngbya has been demonstrated to be polyphyletic, including at least five distinct clades, some of which have been proposed as new genera. Intraspecific diversity is also clearly underestimated in Lyngbya due to the lack of unique morphological characters to differentiate species. In this study, we describe the new genus Capillus T. A. Caires, C. L. Sant'Anna et J. M. C. Nunes from benthic marine environments, including two new Brazilian species (here described as C. salinus T. A. Caires, C. L. Sant'Anna et J. M. C. Nunes, and C. tropicalis T. A. Caires, C. L. Sant'Anna et J. M. C. Nunes), and two species yet to be described, one of them from India (Capillus sp. 2.1), and the other from United States of America, based on strain PCC 7419. Capillus species presented cross-wise diagonal fragmentation, assisted or not by necridic cells, which has not been previously mentioned for Lyngbya. Ultrastructural analyses showed that C. salinus and C. tropicalis have numerous gas vesicles, which are rarely described for benthic marine species. The new genus formed a well-supported clade, and the D1-D1' and Box B secondary structures of internal transcribed spacer also supported the proposal of its new species. These findings help to clarify the diversity of species in the Lyngbya complex and the taxonomy of the group, and highlight the need of further floristic surveys in tropical coastal environments, which remain poorly studied.
Anna Ratz-Łyko,Anna Herman,Jacek Arct,Katarzyna Pytkowska 한국식품과학회 2014 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.23 No.4
The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities ofOenothera biennis, Borago officinalis, and Nigella sativaseedcake extracts were determined. Seedcakes weresubjected to extraction using 50% ethanol (v/v) during 48 hat a solvent temperature of 50oC. The total polyphenol andflavonoid contents were assayed using UV spectrophotometryand the antioxidant activities were determinedusing DPPH and ABTS testing methods. Extracts werealso analyzed for polyphenol content using HPLC. In vitroantimicrobial activities were evaluated using the discdiffusion method and resazurin testing. The ranking of thepolyphenol contents and the antioxidant activities ofexamined seedcake extracts was O. bienis>B.officinalis>N. sativa. The highest antimicrobial activity in both testswas for N. sativa seedcake extracts against Pseudomonasaeruginosa (MIC=300 mg/mL), Escherichia coli (MIC=300 mg/mL), and Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=700 mg/mL).
Biological activity of mistletoe: in vitro and in vivo studies and mechanisms of action
Anna Szurpnicka,Anna Kowalczuk,Arkadiusz Szterk 대한약학회 2020 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.43 No.6
Mistletoe has been used as treatment of manydiseases in traditional and folk medicine. To date, anticancer,immunomodulatory, cardiac, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective,neuropharmacological, antibacterial and antifungalproperties of mistletoe extracts have been studied the most. In this review, we summarized in vitro and in vivo studieson the pharmacological activity of Viscum species. Furthermore,we proposed the possible mechanisms of action ofthis herb, which might include many signalling pathways. Mistletoe could regulate either similar or diff erent targets invarious pathways that act on membrane receptors, enzymes,ion channels, transporter proteins and transcriptional targets. Still, pharmacological activities of mistletoe have beeninvestigated mainly for crude extracts. It is a new fi eld forscientists to determined which chemical compounds areresponsible for the individual biological activities of mistletoeand how these activities are achieved. As a result,mistletoe might become a source of new complementarytherapies supporting the treatment of many diseases.
Roman M. Janas,Anna Rybak,Aldona Wierzbicka-Rucińska,Piotr Socha,Rafał Śnitko,Anna Szaflarska-Popławska,Anna Stolarczyk,Beata Oralewska,Elżbieta Cytra-Jarocka,Barbara Iwańczak,Urszula Grzybowska-Chleb 거트앤리버 소화기연관학회협의회 2016 Gut and Liver Vol.10 No.4
Background/Aims: The roles of the many bioactive peptides in the pathogenesis of celiac disease remain unclear. To evaluate the serum concentrations of insulin, ghrelin, adiponectin, leptin, leptin receptor, and lipocalin-2 in children with celiac disease who do and do not adhere to a gluten-free diet (GFD, intermittent adherence). Methods: Prepubertal, pubertal, and adolescent celiac children were included in this study (74 girls and 53 boys on a GFD and 80 girls and 40 boys off of a GFD). Results: Insulin levels in prepubertal (9.01±4.43 μIU/mL), pubertal (10.3±3.62 μIU/mL), and adolescent (10.8±4.73 μIU/mL) girls were higher than those in boys (5.88±2.02, 8.81±2.88, and 8.81±2.26 μIU/mL, respectively) and were neither age-dependent nor influenced by a GFD. Prepubertal children off of a GFD exhibited higher ghrelin levels than prepubertal children on a GFD. Adiponectin levels were not age-, sex- nor GFD-dependent. Adherence to a GFD had no effect on the expression of leptin, leptin receptor, and lipocalin-2. Conclusions: Adherence to a GFD had no influence on the adiponectin, leptin, leptin receptor, and lipocalin-2 concentrations in celiac children, but a GFD decreased highly elevated ghrelin levels in prepubertal children. Further studies are required to determine whether increased insulin concentrations in girls with celiac disease is suggestive of an increased risk for hyperinsulinemia.
Taiara A. Caires,Goia de M. Lyra,Guilherme S. Hentschke,Aaron Matheus S. da Silva,Valter L. de Araújo,Célia L. Sant’Anna,José Marcos de C. Nunes 한국조류학회I 2018 ALGAE Vol.33 No.4
Lyngbya C. Agardh ex Gomont is a nonheterocytous cyanobacterial genus whose evolutionary history is still poorlyknown. The traditionally defined Lyngbya has been demonstrated to be polyphyletic, including at least five distinctclades, some of which have been proposed as new genera. Intraspecific diversity is also clearly underestimated in Lyngbyadue to the lack of unique morphological characters to differentiate species. In this study, we describe the new genusCapillus T. A. Caires, C. L. Sant’Anna et J. M. C. Nunes from benthic marine environments, including two new Brazilianspecies (here described as C. salinus T. A. Caires, C. L. Sant’Anna et J. M. C. Nunes, and C. tropicalis T. A. Caires, C. L. Sant’Anna et J. M. C. Nunes), and two species yet to be described, one of them from India (Capillus sp. 2.1), and the otherfrom United States of America, based on strain PCC 7419. Capillus species presented cross-wise diagonal fragmentation,assisted or not by necridic cells, which has not been previously mentioned for Lyngbya. Ultrastructural analyses showedthat C. salinus and C. tropicalis have numerous gas vesicles, which are rarely described for benthic marine species. Thenew genus formed a well-supported clade, and the D1-D1′ and Box B secondary structures of internal transcribed spaceralso supported the proposal of its new species. These findings help to clarify the diversity of species in the Lyngbya complexand the taxonomy of the group, and highlight the need of further floristic surveys in tropical coastal environments,which remain poorly studied.
Peripheralising the Metropolis: Aeromobile Portrayals of Paris in Francophone African Literatures
Anna-Leena Toivanen Academy of Mobility Humanities 2023 Mobility Humanities Vol.2 No.1
As the (former) colonial centre and the mythical City of Light, Paris occupies a prominent position in the Francophone African literary imagination. While the alleged centrality of Paris has been challenged by critical readings of texts that provincialise, suburbanise, and move beyond the French national framework altogether, the present article focuses on the peripheralisation of Paris from the perspective of “mobile urban peripherality.” Adapting a mobility humanities perspective for use in a postcolonial literary analysis, the article concentrates on aeromobile portrayals of Paris as perceived by the figure of the newcomer-air traveller in a set of Francophone African literary texts dating from the mid-twentieth century to the present. The shift in viewing position enabled by the perspective of the newcomer in the context of aeromobility produces peripheralised representations of Paris, challenges romanticised ideas about the city, and underlines the role of mobility in making meaning out of urban spaces. My reading also extends aeromobility from its use in the air to the action on the ground. By focusing on African literary texts, the intention of the article is to contribute to enhancing dialogue between mobilities research and postcolonial literary studies.