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Effects of exercise on tests measuring attention and executive function in younger and older adults
Angela N. Burda,Jennifer Baldwin,Johanna Cravatta,Jody Heetland,Kayla Jacobs,(Hannah Merfeld),(Jaden Rausch),(Mallory Rinnels),(Regan Zollman) 한국언어재활사협회 2021 Clinical Archives of Communication Disorders Vol.6 No.1
Purpose: This study investigated whether or not performance differed between Young and Older Exercisers and between Young and Older Non-exercisers on the Attention Processing Training-Test (APT-Test), Behavioral Assessment of Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS), and Functional Assessment of Verbal Reasoning and Executive Strategies (FAVRES). Methods: A total of 119 participants were divided into the following groups: 46 Young Exercisers: (aged 18–40 years), 45 Older Exercisers (aged 60 and older), fourteen Young Non-exercisers, and fourteen Older Non-exercisers. Participants completed the APT-Test, BADS, and FAVRES in a counterbalanced manner. Independent sample t-tests were used to calculate outcomes. Results: Young Exercisers had significantly higher scores than Older Exercisers on the APT-Test, BADS Total Profile Score, and the FAVRES Total Accuracy Score. No significant differences occurred between Young and Older Exercisers on the FAVRES Total Rationale, Total Time, or Reasoning scores. No statistically significant differences occurred on any measures between Young and Older Non-exercisers. Conclusions: Different performance trends occurred between the Exerciser groups and the Non-exerciser groups. For example, both Exerciser groups performed similarly on the FAVRES when asked to justify their responses and perform reasoning tasks. Older Exercisers provided correct responses for Accuracy measures, yet their responses did not earn the total points. No differences occurred on any test between the Non-exerciser groups. Thus, it could be helpful for clinicians to inquire about patients’ pre-morbid exercise habits when using these tests. Participants were healthy, neurologically intact adults. Future research should investigate potential effects exercise has on these tests in adults with acquired neurological damage.
Do Scores on an Attention Test Predict Scores on Executive Function Tests?
Angela N. Burda,Jaimie L. Gilbert,Courtney Amundson,Kelsey Baughman,Aaron Brummel,(Sarah Crimmins),(Lisa Daringer),(Courtney Hansen),(Delaney Hoffman),(Olivia Ferguson),(Katherine Polit) 한국언어재활사협회 2018 Clinical Archives of Communication Disorders Vol.3 No.3
Purpose: This study sought to determine if younger and older adults’ scores on the Attention Process Test predicted scores on the Behavioral Assessment of Dysexecutive Syndrome and Functional Assessment of Verbal Reasoning and Executive Strategies. Methods: The Attention Process Test, the Behavioral Assessment of Dysexecutive Syndrome, and the Functional Assessment of Verbal Reasoning and Executive Strategies were administered to 60 younger and 60 older adults in a counter-balanced manner. Regression statistics were calculated to determine any predictive outcomes. Results: For older adults, the Attention Process Test significantly predicted the Behavioral Assessment of Dysexecutive Syndrome’s total profile standard scores, and the Functional Assessment of Verbal Reasoning and Executive Strategies’ total standard scores for Accuracy, Rationale, and in one analysis significantly predicted Reasoning. For younger adults, when correcting for high correlations among the five Attention Process Test subtests, this test did not significantly predict their scores on the Behavioral Assessment of Dysexecutive Syndrome or the Functional Assessment of Verbal Reasoning and Executive Strategies’ total standard scores. Conclusions: The Attention Process Test was consistently a significant predictor of executive function measures in older adults, but not younger adults, suggesting the relationship between attention and executive function may be different for these age groups. Thus, different evaluation procedures may be warranted for older adults versus younger adults. A caveat of these findings is that these results were obtained with healthy, neurologically intact individuals. Future research should further investigate the relationship between attention and executive function in adults with acquired neurological damage.