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Review of functional materials for potential use as wearable infection sensors in limb prostheses
Harish Devaraj,Kean C. Aw,Andrew J. McDaid 대한의용생체공학회 2020 Biomedical Engineering Letters (BMEL) Vol.10 No.1
The fundamental goal of prosthesis is to achieve optimal levels of performance and enhance the quality of life of amputees. Socket type prostheses have been widely employed despite their known drawbacks. More recently, the advent of osseointegratedprostheses have demonstrated potential to be a better alternative to socket prosthesis eliminating most of thedrawbacks of the latter. However, both socket and osseointegrated limb prostheses are prone to superfi cial infections duringuse. Infection prone skin lesions from frictional rubbing of the socket against the soft tissue are a known problem of sockettype prosthesis. Osseointegration, on the other hand, results in an open wound at the implant-stump interface. The integrationof infection sensors in prostheses to detect and prevent infections is proposed to enhance quality of life of amputees. Pathogenic volatiles having been identifi ed to be a potent stimulus, this paper reviews the current techniques in the fi eldof infection sensing, specifi cally focusing on identifying portable and fl exible sensors with potential to be integrated intoprosthesis designs. Various sensor architectures including but not limited to sensors fabricated from conducting polymers,carbon polymer composites, metal oxide semiconductors, metal organic frameworks, hydrogels and synthetic oligomersare reviewed. The challenges and their potential integration pathways that can enhance the possibilities of integrating thesesensors into prosthesis designs are analysed.