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Zheng, Jin You,Pawar, Amol Uttam,Kim, Chang Woo,Kim, Yong Joo,Kang, Young Soo Elsevier 2018 Applied catalysis. B, Environmental Vol.233 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>WO<SUB>3</SUB> photoelectrode should have high photoactivity and stability for application in solar water splitting. By introducing Bi<SUP>3+</SUP> ions, a highly ordered (002)-oriented WO<SUB>3</SUB> film with a high photocurrent was easily prepared on FTO glass by spin coating a simple Bi-doped peroxotungstic acid (PTA) gel followed by calcination. In situ XRD, pole figures, and HR-TEM were performed to elucidate the formation process and epitaxial properties. The flat Bi-WO<SUB>3</SUB> film achieved a remarkable photocurrent density of 2.06 mA cm<SUP>−2</SUP> at 1.5 V vs. Ag/AgCl. By introducing intermittent short-time negative polarization (ISNP) into the process of PEC water splitting, the O<SUB>2</SUB> gas product yield is enhanced by ca. 75% with high faradaic efficiency, as ISNP can efficiently eliminate peroxo species on the surface of the WO<SUB>3</SUB> film. This demonstrates that ISNP can enhance the photostability and photoactivity of WO<SUB>3</SUB> films.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Stable Bi-doped peroxotungstic acid gel is prepared without any organic stabilizer. </LI> <LI> (002)-oriented Bi-doped WO<SUB>3</SUB> films is easily fabricated on FTO by spin-coating technique. </LI> <LI> The Bi-WO<SUB>3</SUB> film exhibits remarkable photoelectrochemical properties. </LI> <LI> Intermittent short-time negative polarization enhances the photostability and photoactivity of the Bi-WO<SUB>3</SUB> film. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Zheng, Jin You,Song, Guang,Hong, Jisang,Van, Thanh Khue,Pawar, Amol Uttam,Kim, Do Yoon,Kim, Chang Woo,Haider, Zeeshan,Kang, Young Soo American Chemical Society 2014 Crystal Growth & Design Vol.14 No.11
<P>Single crystalline orthorhombic phase tungsten trioxide monohydrate (<I>O</I>-WO<SUB>3</SUB>·H<SUB>2</SUB>O, space group: <I>Pmnb</I>) nanoplates with a clear morphology and uniform size distribution have been synthesized by the hydrothermal method and fabricated on the surface of fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass substrates with selective exposure of the crystal facet by the finger rubbing method. The rubbing method can easily arrange the <I>O</I>-WO<SUB>3</SUB>·H<SUB>2</SUB>O nanoplates along the (020) facet on the FTO substrate. The <I>O</I>-WO<SUB>3</SUB>·H<SUB>2</SUB>O nanoplate can be converted to monoclinic phase WO<SUB>3</SUB> (γ-WO<SUB>3</SUB>, space group: <I>P</I>21/<I>n</I>) with dominant crystal facet of (002) without destroying the plate structure. Crystal morphologies, structures, and components of the powders and films have been determined by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, etc. The band gap energies of the <I>O</I>-WO<SUB>3</SUB>·H<SUB>2</SUB>O and γ-WO<SUB>3</SUB> nanoplates were determined as ca. 2.26 and 2.49 eV, respectively. Photoelectrochemical properties of the films with (002) dominant crystal facet have also been checked for discussion of further application in water oxidation. The advantage of (002) facet dominant film was investigated by comparing to one spin-coated γ-WO<SUB>3</SUB> thin film with the same thickness via photoelectrochemical characterizations such as photocurrent, incident photon to current efficiency, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.</P><P>Single crystalline orthorhombic phase <I>O</I>-WO<SUB>3</SUB>·H<SUB>2</SUB>O nanoplates with clear morphology and uniform size distribution have been synthesized by the hydrothermal method and fabricated as (020)-oriented film by the finger rubbing method. The (020)-oriented <I>O</I>-WO<SUB>3</SUB>·H<SUB>2</SUB>O film can be converted to monoclinic phase (002)-oriented γ-WO<SUB>3</SUB> film by calcination. Photoelectrochemical properties have been examined for further application in solar water oxidation.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/cgdefu/2014/cgdefu.2014.14.issue-11/cg5012154/production/images/medium/cg-2014-012154_0016.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/cg5012154'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>