Identification of the Leaf Rust Resistance genes Lr9, Lr26, Lr28, Lr34, and Lr35 in a Collection of Iranian Wheat Genotypes Using STS and SCAR Markers

Maliheh Kadkhodaei,Ali Dadkhodaie,Mohammad Taghi Assad,Bahram. Heidari,Reza Mostowfizadeh-Ghalamfarsa 한국작물학회 2012 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.15 No.4

Brown rust or leaf rust is one of the most important diseases of wheat occurring almost in all wheat-producing regions and reduces crop yield. In order to produce resistant cultivars, it is necessary to identify resistance genes in different germplasms and combine them in (a) suitable stock(s). To identify the presence of the leaf rust resistance genes using STS and SCAR markers, 83 Iranian wheat genotypes, Lr near-isogenic lines in Thatcher (positive controls), and the cultivar Thatcher (negative control) were used. After growing plants in the greenhouse, DNA was extracted by SDS method. Following that, polymerse chain reaction was performed for the markers of the resistance genes Lr9, Lr26, Lr28, Lr34, and Lr35 which amplified 1,100, 1,100, 378, 150, and 900 bp bands,respectively. Based on the results, the resistance genes Lr9 and Lr35 were only present in the positive controls. The resistance gene Lr26 was only detected in four cultivars; Arta, Pishtaz, Shiroodi, and Falat, and the gene Lr34 was present in six cultivars (Akbari,Bam, Tajan, Khazar 1, Sistan and Niknezhad). The Lr28 primer amplified a band of the same size in all genotypes even the negative control and therefore the presence/absence of this gene could not be validated. These results indicate the necessity for designing a specific primer for Lr28. In general, only the genes Lr26 and Lr34 were present in some genotypes. The genes Lr9 and Lr35 were not present in this collection and as based on rust surveys, no virulence has been detected for Lr9 and Lr28, so they could be transferred to suitable lines from donor sources.

Identification of the Leaf Rust Resistance genes Lr9, Lr26, Lr28, Lr34, and Lr35 in a Collection of Iranian Wheat Genotypes Using STS and SCAR Markers

Kadkhodaei, Maliheh,Dadkhodaie, Ali,Assad, Mohammad Taghi,Heidari, Bahram,Mostowfizadeh-Ghalamfarsa, Reza 한국작물학회 2012 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.15 No.4

Brown rust or leaf rust is one of the most important diseases of wheat occurring almost in all wheat-producing regions and reduces crop yield. In order to produce resistant cultivars, it is necessary to identify resistance genes in different germplasms and combine them in (a) suitable stock(s). To identify the presence of the leaf rust resistance genes using STS and SCAR markers, 83 Iranian wheat genotypes, Lr near-isogenic lines in Thatcher (positive controls), and the cultivar Thatcher (negative control) were used. After growing plants in the greenhouse, DNA was extracted by SDS method. Following that, polymerse chain reaction was performed for the markers of the resistance genes Lr9, Lr26, Lr28, Lr34, and Lr35 which amplified 1,100, 1,100, 378, 150, and 900 bp bands, respectively. Based on the results, the resistance genes Lr9 and Lr35 were only present in the positive controls. The resistance gene Lr26 was only detected in four cultivars; Arta, Pishtaz, Shiroodi, and Falat, and the gene Lr34 was present in six cultivars (Akbari, Bam, Tajan, Khazar 1, Sistan and Niknezhad). The Lr28 primer amplified a band of the same size in all genotypes even the negative control and therefore the presence/absence of this gene could not be validated. These results indicate the necessity for designing a specific primer for Lr28. In general, only the genes Lr26 and Lr34 were present in some genotypes. The genes Lr9 and Lr35 were not present in this collection and as based on rust surveys, no virulence has been detected for Lr9 and Lr28, so they could be transferred to suitable lines from donor sources.

Regenerating Salt Tolerant Saffron (Crocus sativus) Using Tissue Culture with Increased Pharmaceutical Ingredients

Shahabzadeh, Zeynab,Heidari, Bahram,Dadkhodaie, Ali 한국작물학회 2013 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.16 No.3

Due to its vegetative reproduction, saffron has a narrow genetic base and induced in vitro variations provide opportunities for expanding new cultivars. The objectives of this study were to evaluate sodium azide-induced variations in saffron's corm culture in order to increase salt tolerance and pharmaceutical ingredients. Corm explants from the well-known ecotypes, Estahban and Kashmar, were subjected to various concentrations of sodium azide ($NaN_3$) (0.09, 0.12, and 0.22 mg $L^{-1}$) and NaCl (1.5, 2.5, and 4.0 dS equivalent to 0.07, 0.12, and 0.20 g NaCl in 100 mL water) in Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 1 mg $L^{-1}$ 2-4-D, 1 mg $L^{-1}$ BAP, and 30 g $L^{-1}$ sucrose and in a second pot culture experiment. The active pharmaceutical ingredients (crocin, picrocrocin, and safranal) were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Variations in sodium azide-treated plants were more broadened for callus fresh weight (0.57 - 7.57 g), embryo weight (1.24 - 10.29 g), and regenerated seedlings (3.0 - 21.25) compared with those (0.12 - 3.77 g, 0.56 - 4.56 g, and 0.25 - 11.50, respectively) that were not treated with sodium azide. Under 0.20% salt, flowering failed in some of plants developed from sodium azide-untreated corms. HPLC analysis indicated wider ranges for crocin (11.92 - 18.03 mg $g^{-1}$), picrocrocin (8.99 - 14.76 mg $g^{-1}$), and safranal (2.13 - 7.36 mg $g^{-1}$) in sodium azide-treated plants compared to the ranges (0.0 - 16.1, 0.0 - 12.5, and 0.0 - 6.66 mg $g^{-1}$, respectively) in untreated plants. From a breeding perspective, induced variations found in this study would be useful to improve saffron's quality and salt tolerance.

Regenerating Salt Tolerant Saffron (Crocus sativus) Using Tissue Culture with Increased Pharmaceutical Ingredients

Zeynab Shahabzadeh,Bahram. Heidari,Ali Dadkhodaie 한국작물학회 2013 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.16 No.3

Due to its vegetative reproduction, saffron has a narrow genetic base and induced in vitro variations provide opportunities for expanding new cultivars. The objectives of this study were to evaluate sodium azide-induced variations in saffron’s corm culture in order to increase salt tolerance and pharmaceutical ingredients. Corm explants from the well-known ecotypes, Estahban and Kashmar, were subjected to various concentrations of sodium azide (NaN3) (0.09, 0.12, and 0.22 mg L-1) and NaCl (1.5, 2.5, and 4.0dS equivalent to 0.07, 0.12, and 0.20 g NaCl in 100 mL water) in Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 1 mg L-1 2-4-D,1 mg L-1 BAP, and 30 g L-1 sucrose and in a second pot culture experiment. The active pharmaceutical ingredients (crocin, picrocrocin,and safranal) were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Variations in sodium azide-treated plants were more broadened for callus fresh weight (0.57 - 7.57 g), embryo weight (1.24 - 10.29 g), and regenerated seedlings (3.0 - 21.25)compared with those (0.12 - 3.77 g, 0.56 - 4.56 g, and 0.25 - 11.50, respectively) that were not treated with sodium azide. Under 0.20% salt, flowering failed in some of plants developed from sodium azide-untreated corms. HPLC analysis indicated wider ranges for crocin (11.92 - 18.03 mg g-1), picrocrocin (8.99 - 14.76 mg g-1), and safranal (2.13 - 7.36 mg g-1) in sodium azide-treated plants compared to the ranges (0.0 - 16.1, 0.0 - 12.5, and 0.0 - 6.66 mg g-1, respectively) in untreated plants. From a breeding perspective,induced variations found in this study would be useful to improve saffron's quality and salt tolerance

Analysis of genetic diversity in a collection of Plantago species: application of ISSR markers

Bagheri Motahareh,Heidari Bahram,Dadkhodaie Ali,Heidari Zahra,Daneshnia Negar,Richards Christopher M. 한국작물학회 2022 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.25 No.1

The analysis of genetic diversity in medicinal plant species can greatly facilitate germplasm conservation and selection for use in breeding schemes. The aim of the present study was to assess the genetic diversity and diferentiation of eight Plantago species using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Thirty-one Plantago accessions belonging to eight species were collected from Iran environments. Polymorphisms in the DNA of Plantago accessions were analyzed using 25 ISSR primers. The data for 286 polymorphic bands indicated that the ISSR primers each amplifed 5–21 polymorphic amplicons that were 100–3000 bp in size. The mean polymorphism was 83.83% and fve primers showed higher polymorphism. The polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.1103 to 0.3829 with a mean of 0.2727. Accessions in P. amplexicaulis and P. pysillum represented the highest Nei’s and Shannon’s genetic diversity, while the lowest was obtained for P. lagopus. The phenetic network generated by the Neighbor-Net algorithm showed moderate confict and splitting of the eight species. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) results showed the separation of accessions of the eight species. The results suggest that ISSR markers can diferentiate Plantago species and that information on genetic diversity may assist in pre-breeding evaluations and Plantago germplasm conservation.

Association of DREB Genes and Microsatellite Markers Linked to NAX2 with Salt Tolerance in CIMMYT-derived Triticale, Wheat and Rye Genotypes

Roghiyeh Feuj,Bahram Heidari,Ali Dadkhodaie 한국작물학회 2018 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.21 No.4

Twenty-eight genotypes including triticale, wheat and rye were grown in a greenhouse under control, 14 and 21 dS/m salinity (NaCl and CaCl2, 1:1 ratio) levels to assess variations in agronomic traits, and to assess association of dehydration responsive elements (DREB genes) and five microsatellite (SSR) markers with salt tolerance. The results of grain yield variation and principal component (PC) analysis for statistical indices revealed that the first PC under 14 and 21 dS/m salinity levels was associated with salt tolerance. Five microsatellite (Xgwm291, Xgwm312, Xgwm410, Xgwm2181 and Xgwm126) and two DREB (DREB1 and DREB2) markers were used for detection of polymorphism. In total, 35 alleles ranging from 130 to 850 bp in size were identified of which, 25 alleles were found for SSR markers and 10 belonged to DREB genes. The number of alleles ranged from 3 to 9 with an average of 5 per primer. The polymorphic information content (PIC) value ranged from 0.51 (Xgwm291) to 0.77 (DREB1) with an average of 0.68. The Xgwm291 primer amplified 3 bands (130, 160 and 185 bp) in triticale and wheat but neither were detected in rye. Remarkably, the 130 bp band was amplified in TRT826 which was categorized as salt tolerant on the basis of K+/Na+ ratio and grain yield variations. Accordingly, this band could be associated with salt tolerance and its isolation and sequencing could clarify its characteristics for possible use in marker assisted breeding (MAB) for salt tolerance in triticale and wheat.

Investigation forMaize Inbred Lines Resistance to Maize Rough Dwarf Virus(MRDV)

Afshar. Estakhr,Bahram. Heidari,Ali Dadkhodaie,Mahmood Masoumi,Hassan Pakniyat,Zahra Ahmadi 한국작물학회 2016 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.19 No.1

Maize rough dwarf virus (MRDV) is the most important disease affecting maize growth in Iran. In the present study, the putative resistance capacity of 35 maize inbred lines against the causal agents of MRDVwas studied under natural field infection in 2010 and 2011. The viral transmitter was a plant hopper known as Laodelphax steriatellus. Early sowing provided suitable temperatures for vector propagation and transmission and therefore natural infection under field conditions. Sowing single rows of SC704 as vector spreader between every five rows of inbred lines caused adequate vector propagation and viral transmission. This shows that viral infection was sufficient and possible resistance was linked to viral resistance, not failure, in vector transmission. In principal component biplot, plant height vector had wide angles with the vectors for disease severity index and MRDV incidence that showed the negative association of plant height with MRDV disease. The percentage of natural infection to MRDV in susceptible control(SC704) was about 64%. The genotypes A679, K3547/3, K3545/6, K3653/2, and B84 were more susceptible to MRDV. Only the line K3640/3 had low disease incidence and severity and it can be considered as resistant for possible use in genetic studies. Results showed that an early sowing of maize in temperate regions increases the chance of transmitting viruses via their vector.

Comparative analysis of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from Triticum monococcum shoot apical meristem at vegetative and reproductive stages

Roohollah Shamloo-Dashtpagerdi,Hooman Razi,Angelica Lindlof,Ali Niazi,Ali Dadkhodaie,Esmaeil Ebrahimie 한국유전학회 2013 Genes & Genomics Vol.35 No.3

Triticum monococcum has recently drawn the attention of biologists to discover and utilize novel genes and alleles. To explore the molecular features of the genetic network governing floral transition in shoot apical meristem (SAM) of spring growth habit T. monococcum,two expressed sequence tag (EST) libraries containing 3,031 ESTs from vegetative SAM (VS) and 2,647 ESTs from early reproductive SAM (RS) were analyzed. Assembly of ESTs resulted in 2,303 unigenes for VS library (368 contigs and 1,935 singletons) and 1,890unigenes (337 contigs and 1,553 singletons) for RS library. The 67.05 % of VS unigenes and 66.30 % of RS unigenes showed significant similarity with genes of known, putative and or unknown function, whereas the remaining 32.95 %of the VS unigenes and 33.7 % of RS unigenes displayed no significant match with the public protein database. The 1,064 and 866 unigenes of VS and RS libraries were assigned to functional categories using Pageman ontology tool. Further analysis revealed that the switch from VS to RS caused significant changes in the abundance of unigenes assigned to some functional categories. A total of 37genes were identified which were significantly differentially expressed between vegetative and reproductive stages of T. monococcum SAM. Investigation of the differentially expressed genes revealed the importance of the genes involved in energy metabolism, ubiquitin/26S proteasome system, polyamines biosynthesis and signaling of reactive oxygen species in SAM differentiation towards floral transition in T. monococcum.

Construction and Efficiency of Selection Indices in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Drought Stress and Well-Irrigated Conditions

( Lalehzar Ghaed-rahimi ),( Bahram Heidari ),( Ali Dadkhodaie ) 한국육종학회 2017 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Vol.5 No.2

Aggregate selection helps making selection decisions for improved profitability and permits to exploit information on correlated traits to improve accuracy. In the present study, the efficiency of trait selection was assessed by the Smith-Hazel (SHI) and the Pesek-Baker (PBI) models in 35 wheat genotypes under drought stress at heading and well-irrigated conditions at the Research Farm of Shiraz University, Iran in 2011 and 2012 years. The analysis of correlated response (CR) revealed that thousand grain weight (TGW) with CR = 24.05 (in 2011) and 9.15 (in 2012) and harvest index (HI) with CR = 18.37 (in 2011) and 9.08 (in 2012) had higher indirect effects on grain yield (GY) increase under drought stress. In both years, biological yield (BY), grain number/spike (GN), TGW, and GY had the highest genetic gain (ΔG) in SHI model. The top ten landraces in PBI for the trials in 2011 were also placed in the top rankings for grain yield under drought stress conditions. These results and estimation of the efficiency of selection (ΔH) revealed that PBI (ΔH = 19.95 and 16.5 in the first and 11.15 and 11.06 in the second year) was more efficient than SHI (ΔH = 9.58 and 8.97 in the first and 9.74 and 8.59 in the second year) in view of identifying superior genotypes based on aggregate trait selection. Overall, repeatability estimates for grain yield (33%-57.8%) was relatively low showing that individual plant selection has low efficiency for wheat improvement whilst aggregate trait selections leads to relatively high genetic gain (1.63-2.75) for grain yield.

The Interrelationship of Agronomic and Physiological Traits as Affected by Irrigation Regimes in Wheat: Application of Multivariate Statistical Analyses

( Samaneh Zamani-babgohari ),( Bahram Heidari ),( Ali Dadkhodaie ) 한국육종학회 2017 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Vol.5 No.3

Understanding the interrelationships between agronomic and water status characters helps development of drought tolerant cultivars. In the present study, 34 wheat genotypes were used to investigate joint variability of water status characters and yield related traits under normal irrigation regimes and drought stress in 2014-2015 growing season. The results indicated that selection of genotypes based on loadings in factors number 1, 3 and 4 would be of beneficial in terms of increasing grain yield related traits under drought stress conditions. In canonical correlation analysis (CCA), the first (U1, V1) and second (U2, V2) pairs canonical variables (CV) explained 75% and 67% of the total joint variability of agronomic and physiological traits under drought stress conditions, respectively. The first (V1) physiological CV that had positive correlation with water saturated deficit (WSD, r = 0.63) and excised leaf water loss (ELWL, r = 0.35) was more correlated with grain yield and harvest index under drought stress. The second (V2) physiological CV which was more influenced by variations in initial water content (IWC, r = 0.6) and leaf water content (LWC, r = 0.65) was associated with spike length and spikelet per spike variations. Significant between-groups mean squares advocated that classification of genotypes into four groups was the best possible branching under both conditions. Therefore, making crosses between genotypes of cluster numbers 1 (with high grain yield and its components) and 3 (having shortest height) can be used for the production of extreme or novel phenotypes for grain yield and dwarfness in the progenitors in further breeding programs for drought tolerance.