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Nancy Dewi Yuliana,Mirna Zena Tuarita,Alfi Khatib,Farida Laila,Sukarno Sukarno 한국식품과학회 2020 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.29 No.6
GC–MS metabolomics was used to discriminatethe phytochemicals profile of Indonesian white, red, andblack rice brans, and Japanese white rice brans. Thistechnique was used for the first time to identify compoundsin rice brans having cytotoxic activity against WiDr coloncancer cells. Orthogonal Projection to the Latent Structure(OPLS) analysis showed that protocatechuic acid (PA) wasa discriminating factor found in black rice brans whichstrongly correlated with its cytotoxicity (IC508.53 ± 0.26 lM). Real time-PCR data demonstrated thatPA cytotoxicity at different concentrations (1, 5, 10, 25 and50 lg/mL) was mediated through different pathways. Bcl-2 expression was downregulated at all tested concentrationsindicating apoptosis stimulation. At 1–10 ppm concentration,PA activated both intrinsic and extrinsicapoptosis pathways since the expression of p53, Bax,caspase-8, and caspase-9 were upregulated. At a higherdose (25 and 50 lg/mL), PA possibly involved in pyroptosis-mediated pro-inflammatory cell death by upregulatingthe expression of caspase-1 and caspase-7.