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Cybercrime as an Essential Element in Transnational Counterfeiting Schemes
Jay S. Albanese 한국디지털포렌식학회 2019 디지털 포렌식 연구 Vol.13 No.1(UNODC특별호 )
Transnational counterfeiting conspiracy cases have appeared across the globe, often linking the developing and the developed world in illicit ways. In many of these cases, a forged copy of name-brand merchandise is produced cheaply, and then transported and shipped to a destination market where it is sold to consumers at a high mark-up. This kind of transnational chain conspiracy characterizes these cases, causing harms of several types: fraud victimization (the marketing and sale of fake products sold under false pretenses), the potential danger posed to victims from purchasing poorly made merchandise, and the negative impact on the legal economy (loss of jobs in legitimate manufacturing companies, and on the development of new product ideas which are stolen and used to make imitations). A sometimes overlooked element of these counterfeiting conspiracies is the essential role that cybercrime plays in their operation. Three transnational conspiracies that resulted in criminal convictions are summarized here to illustrate the centrality of cybercrime in their commission. The three conspiracies involve different types of products: electronics, pills, and perfume.
Pietro Matricardi,Giovanna Pitarresi,Fabio Salvatore Palumbo,Chiara Di Meo,Antonella Albanese,Tommasina Coviello,Claudia Cencetti,Calogero Fiorica,Gaetano Giammona 한국고분자학회 2011 Macromolecular Research Vol.19 No.12
The mechanical properties of hydrogel scaffolds based on hyaluronic acid (HA) that were chemically crosslinked with α,β-poly(N-2-hydroxyethyl)(2-aminoethylcarbamate)-D,L-aspartamide (PHEA-EDA) were investigated. Variation of these properties as a function of three different PHEA-EDA amounts used to crosslink HA has been related to the reaction efficiency evaluated using a colorimetric assay. Moreover, the amount of unreacted amino groups that was still present in the hydrogels was related to the attachment behavior of human dermal fibroblasts to the hydrogel surface. The mechanical data and biological results suggest the suitability of the investigated hydrogels as scaffolds for the regeneration of soft tissues such as skin.
Acquisition and transmission of selected CTV isolates by Aphis gossypii
Orlando Campolo,Eleonora Chiera,Antonino Malacrinò,Francesca Laudani,Anna Fontana,Giuliana R. Albanese,Vincenzo Palmeri 한국응용곤충학회 2014 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.17 No.3
Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) is a severe threat to the citrus industry. Disease symptoms and severity may varydepending on the CTV isolates. These are responsible for the decline of trees grafted on sour orange rootstock,or stem pitting on some citrus commercial cultivars regardless of rootstock. In the Calabria region (Italy), CTVwas first reported on cultivars imported from other countries. However, recent observations suggested thatnatural spread of CTV was occurring and a study was needed to determine the epidemiological status andaphid transmission of CTV in Calabria. The role played by local A. gossypii in the spread of CTV was analyzed inthe laboratory using various viral acquisition, inoculation periods with three different CTV isolates. Singleaphid vectors acquired CTV after a minimumof 30 min acquisition access period (AAP) and were able to transmitthe virus after a 60 min inoculation access period (IAP) to healthy plants. A minimumof four aphid vectorswereneeded to reach 50% transmission probability. The results suggested that the three tested strains are transmittedby A. gossypii in a semi-persistent mode. The results demonstrated that local A. gossypii population can acquireand transmit efficiently the tested virus isolates with serious implications on the virus spread.
Detoxification: A Novel Function of BRCA1 in Tumor Suppression?
Kang, Hyo Jin,Hong, Young Bin,Kim, Hee Jeong,Rodriguez, Olga C.,Nath, Raghu G.,Tilli, Elena M.,Albanese, Christopher,Chung, Fung-Lung,Kwon, Sang Hoon,Bae, Insoo Oxford University Press 2011 Toxicological sciences Vol.122 No.1
<P>Our studies found that BRCA1 levels negatively correlate with DNA adducts induced by Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP). Pulse-chase experiments showed that the increase in BaP-induced DNA adducts in BRCA1 knockdown cells may not be associated with BRCA1’s function in nucleotide excision repair activity; rather, it may be associated with its function in modulating transcriptional regulation. BRCA1 knockdown in MCF-10A cells significantly attenuated the induction of CYP1A1 following BaP treatment indicating that the increase in BaP-induced adducts in BRCA1 knockdown cells is not CYP1A1 dependent. However, our study shows that BRCA1 defective cells may still be able to biotransform BaP by regulating other CYP enzymes, including CYP1B1. Knockdown of BRCA1 also severely affected the expression levels of two types of uridine diphosphate glucorunyltransferase (UGT1A1 and UGT1A9) and NRF2. Both UGTs are known as BaP-specific detoxification enzymes, and NRF2 is a master regulator of antioxidant and detoxification genes. Thus, we concluded that the increased amount of BaP-induced DNA adducts in BRCA1 knockdown cells is strongly associated with its loss of functional detoxification. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that BRCA1 is recruited to the promoter/enhancer sequences of UGT1A1, UGT1A9, and NRF2. Regulation of UGT1A1 and UGT1A9 expression showed that the induction of DNA adducts by BaP is directly affected by their expression levels. Finally, overexpression of UGTs, NRF2, or ARNT significantly decreased the amount of BaP-induced adducts in BRCA1-deficient cells. Overall, our results suggest that BRCA1 protects cells by reducing the amount of BaP-induced DNA adducts possibly via transcriptional activation of detoxification gene expression.</P>