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        The Relationship between Second-to-Fourth Digit Ratios, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms, Aggression, and Intelligence Levels in Boys with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

        Işık Ümit,Kılıç Faruk,Aktepe Evrim,Tanrıtanır Bilal 대한신경정신의학회 2020 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.17 No.6

        Objective Observations of sex differences have led some scientists to doubt whether the neuroendocrine system is involved in attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) etiology. One of the interesting study subjects in this context is prenatal steroid hormone exposure. The aim of the present study was to replicate and extend previous work by addressing two research questions: 1) Are second-tofourth digit (2D:4D) ratios lower in ADHD than in controls? 2) Is there a correlation between 2D:4D ratios and symptoms of ADHD, aggression and intelligence scores in boys with ADHD?Methods The study included 100 treatment-naive male children diagnosed with ADHD and 55 healthy male children. We measured the ratios of 2D:4D and administered a Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised to assess IQ scores, as well as behavioral rating scales, in children with ADHD and comparison individuals.Results We observed lower 2D:4D ratios in the right hand in ADHD in comparison to the control group. The left-hand ratios of 2D:4D, however, did not differ between ADHD and control groups. There were negative correlations between the left-hand 2D:4D ratios and the hyperactivity scores. However, no significant correlation was detected between right-hand 2D:4D ratios and the psychological questionnaire scores.Conclusion These results provide further evidence that fetal androgen exposure may contribute to the pathophysiology of ADHD, at least in boys.

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        Comparison of Dio-Bacit, Bacitracin-Trimethoprim/Sulphamethoxasole and Latex Agglutination in the Diagnosis of Group A Beta-Hemolytic Streptococci

        Mustafa Altindis,Orhan Cem Aktepe,Tanil Kocagoz 연세대학교의과대학 2004 Yonsei medical journal Vol.45 No.1

        Not only is Group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus (GAS) the most frequent cause of bacterial pharyngitis, it is also the culprit in various skin and systemic infections, acute rheumatic fever, post streptococcal glomerulonephritis, and other disorders and complications. A new, ready-to-use media, Dio-Bacit, in a two section plate containing 5% sheep blood agar on one side and sheep blood agar with bacitracin (2μg/ml) on the other was compared for its efficiency in identifying GAS with bacitracin and bacitracin + sulphamethaxazole/trimethoprim disk tests applied after isolation of beta-hemolytic colonies. We also used the latex-agglutination test as the gold standard method for differentiating GAS from streptococci belonging to other groups. Compared with the latex-agglutination test, we found the sensitivity and specificity of the Dio-Bacit method to be 92.0% and 96.9%, respectively. Dio-Bacit plates provide an easy and very useful way to identify GAS within one day, saving time, labor, and money for routine diagnostic microbiology laboratories.

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        Serum Galectin-3 Levels in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

        Ümit Is¸ ık,Faruk Kılıç,Arif Demirdas¸,Evrim Aktepe,Pınar Aydog˘ an Avs¸ ar 대한신경정신의학회 2020 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.17 No.3

        Objective Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with underlying pathogenesis and etiological factors not fully understood. We assumed that galectin-3, which is also linked with inflammatory responses, may play an important role in the ethiopathogenesis of ADHD. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether serum galectin-3 levels are related to ADHD in childhood. Methods The current study consisted of 35 treatment-naive children with ADHD and 35 control subjects. The severities of ADHD and conduct disorder symptoms were assessed via parent- and teacher-rated questionnaires. The severity of anxiety and depression symptoms of the children were determined by the self-report scale. Venous blood samples were collected and serum galectin-3 levels were measured. Results The ADHD group had significantly higher serum Galectin-3 levels than the control group. To control confounding factors, including age, sex, and BMI percentile, one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) test was also performed. Analyses revealed a significantly higher serum log- Galectin-3 levels in children with ADHD compared to controls. No association was found between the mean serum galectin-3 levels and sociodemographic characteristics and clinical test scores, except the oppositional defiant behavior scores. Conclusion Our research supports the hypothesis that serum levels of galectin-3 might be related to ADHD.

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