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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Ahad Sahragard (검색결과 4 건)
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Khadijeh Madahi,Ahad Sahragard,Reza Hosseini 한국응용곤충학회 2019 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.22 No.3
Different cultivars of plant species can affect the performance of aphids and their natural enemies. In this study, development and life table parameters of the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii (Hem.: Aphididae) and its predatory midge, Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Dip.: Cecidomyiidae) were determined on four different squash cultivars (Rajaei, Elion, Clarita, and Chance) under laboratory conditions at 23 ± 2 °C, 70 ± 5% RH and 16:8 h L:D photoperiod. Adult longevity and total fecundity of A. gossypii differed with cultivar, with the highest value observed on Rajaei as the most susceptible host plant (21.93 ± 0.191 days and 74.37 ± 0.088 nymphs/female, respectively). Moreover, the intrinsic rate of increase (r) of the aphid on Rajaei and Elion (0.354 ± 0.008 day −1 and 0.340 ± 0.009 day −1 , respectively) were significantly higher than two other cultivars. The predator reared on A. gossypii, feeding on Chance cultivar, had the lowest fecundity (51 ± 2.78 eggs/female) and the lowest r value (0.120 ± 0.011 day −1 ) than those reared on other cultivars. These results attained from population projection estimation based on the age-stage, two-sex life table theory were in consistence with other findings which indicated the influence of different host plant cultivars on the performance of A. gossypii and its predator, A. aphidimyza. Combined use of resistant host plant cultivars together with biological control agents can be proposed as an efficient integrated pest management strategy.
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Samane Sakaki,Ahad Sahragard 한국응용곤충학회 2011 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.14 No.4
Functional response is basic to any investigation of predator–prey relationships. In this study, the functional response of female Scymnus syriacus Marseul (Col.: Coccinellidae) to different densities (10, 20, 40, 60, 80,100) of third instar nymphs of Aphis gossypii Glover as prey was studied in an open patch experiment in a growth chamber (25 °C, 65±5% RH and a photoperiod of 16L:8D h ). Using logistic regression, a type II functional response for female Scymnus syriacus was determined. The searching efficiency (a') and handling time (T_h) of the female predator using non linear least-square regression were estimated as 0.0769±0.0136 h^(−1) and 0.3103±0.0438 h., respectively. Mean times required for the female predator to settle in a patch were 10.20±4.28, 6.58±2.58, 12.58±4.50, 4.53±1.48, 5.14±2.59, 3.87±3.52 min at different prey densities, respectively. Maximum theoretical predation rate (T/T_h) estimated by Rogers' model for the female predator was 77.34. The proportion of female predators remaining in open patches at the end of the experiment was dependent on prey density (R^2=0.876). The type of functional response obtained here agrees with studies on this predator in closed patches.
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Majid Mahmoudi,Ahad Sahragard,Jalal Jalali Sendi 한국응용곤충학회 2010 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.13 No.2
Foraging efficiency of Lysiphlebus fabarum Marshall, the most abundant and effective parasitoid of the black bean aphid, Aphis fabae Scopoli, in terms of functional and numerical responses and mutual interference, was studied on broad bean plants in a growth chamber at 21 °C, 70±5% RH and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) h. Using logistic regression, a type II functional response was determined for L. fabarum. Nonlinear least-square regression was used to estimate the searching efficiency (a') and handling time (Th). Numerical response of L. fabarum to cumulative host densities was partially linearly increasing. Nicholson's model and linear regression were used to determine the per capita searching efficiency and interference coefficient,respectively. In general, the per capita parasitism and, consequently, the per capita searching efficiency decreased significantly as parasitoid density increased. Mutual interference and quest constants were −0.508 and −0.697, respectively. The results of this study suggest that both the host and parasitoid densities have no significant impact on the progeny sex ratio. The information provided here will be useful in assessing the efficiency of L. fabarum as a biological control agent of A. fabae, devising mass-rearing protocols and implementing release programs for this parasitoid.
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Samar Ramzi,Ahad Sahragard,Arash Zibaee 한국응용곤충학회 2014 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.17 No.3
In the current study,we examined the effects of Citrullus colocynthis agglutinin (CCA) on the intermediary metabolismofEctomyelois ceratoniae larvae as a means of determining effectiveness of the lectin in pest control. Larvaewere fed on control diets and diets containing CCA (2%) for 24 and 48 h. The activities of digestive α-amylase andgeneral proteases significantly decreased in the larvae fed on the CCA diet, but no statistically significant changeswere found in the case of TAG-lipase. Meanwhile, the activities of all specific proteases, except aminopeptidase,changed in the treated larvae for all time intervals. The activity of alanine aminotransferase significantly decreasedin the treated larvae but the activities of aspartate aminotransferase and γ-glutamyl transferase increased24 h post-feeding on the CCA diet. The activity of aldolase decreased 48 h post-feeding but lactatedehydrogenase (LDH) showed inverse results at the same time interval. The activities of acid phosphatase(ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) decreased 48 h post-feeding for ACP and at both time intervals for ALP. The amount of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) showed no statistical differences between control and CCA-fedlarvae, but the amount of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) significantly increased in the CCA-fed larvae at bothtime intervals. The amount of protein increased in the larvae fed on the CCA diet, but the amounts of glycogenand triacylglycerol significantly decreased at both time intervals. Results of the current study clearly revealthat ingestion of CCA significantly influences the activities of digestive enzymes and disrupts the intermediarymetabolism of E. ceratoniae larvae. Further studies on genetic engineering of CCA to provide resistant varietiesmight open a new avenue for safe and efficient control of the pest.
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