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Insecticide resistance monitoring in whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Oman
Shah Riaz,Al-Sadi Abdullah Mohammed,Scott Ian M.,AlRaeesi Ali,AlJahdhami Ali Abdullah 한국응용곤충학회 2020 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.23 No.4
The sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius, is an important insect pest of many crops including vegetables through direct feeding damage and as a vector of several plant viruses. Intensive use of insecticides has led to the development of insecticide resistance in global B. tabaci populations. This study was conducted to establish susceptibility levels to deltamethrin, thiamethoxam and pyriproxyfen in seven geographically different populations of B. tabaci MEAM1 adults in Oman. All B. tabaci populations showed very low to low level of resistance (2.1–12.3 fold) to deltamethrin. All B. tabaci populations showed no resistance to very low level of resistance to thiamethoxam (2.2–6.2 fold) and pyriproxyfen (2.4–3.5 fold). A likelihood analysis showed the possibility for control failure in two populations (Barka and Salalah) to deltamethrin, however, no possible failure was detected in all populations for thiamethoxam and pyriproxyfen. An insecticide resistance dynamics study in one population (SQU-1) showed a loss in susceptibility to deltamethrin with increase in the LC 50 value from 25.1 mg L −1 to 84.5 mg L −1 between 2017 and 2019 resulting in 5.3 fold increase in RF. The study results determined that several B. tabaci populations are at the initial stages of resistance development to deltamethrin and cross-resistance with thiamethoxam and pyriproxyfen. Vegetable farmers in Oman, the Barka and Salalah regions in particular, should be cautious in the repeated use of one class of insecticide alone.
Phylogenetic Relationships of the Mutualistic Fungi Associated with Macrotermes subhyalinus in Oman
Hilal S. AlShamakhi,Abdullah M. Al-Sadi,Lyn G. Cook 한국균학회 2023 Mycobiology Vol.51 No.5
The symbiotic association between fungus-gardening termites Macrotermes and its fungalsymbiont has a moderate degree of specificity—although the symbiotic fungi (Termitomyces)form a monophyletic clade, there is not a one-to-one association between termite speciesand their fungus-garden associates. Here, we aim to determine the origin and phylogeneticrelationships of Termitomyces in Oman. We used sequences of the internal transcribed spacerregion (ITS) and the nuclear large subunit ribosomal RNA (LSU rRNA, 25S) gene and analyzedthese with sequences of Termitomyces from other geographic areas. We find no evidence formore than a single colonization of Oman by Termitomyces. Unexpectedly, we findTermitomyces in Oman is most closely related to the symbiont of M. subhyalinus in WestAfrica rather than to those of geographically closer populations in East Africa.