Anti-stress effects of red ginseng water extract in stressed animals

Jae-Hoon Cheong,Choong-Soo Kim,Jae Soon Eun,Ki-Wan Oh(오기완) 고려인삼학회 2009 고려인삼학회 학술대회 Vol.2009 No.5

Inhibitory Effects of Paeonol on Morphine-Induced Locomotor Sensitization and Conditioned Place Preference in Mice

Eun, Jae-Soon,Bae, Ki-Hwan,Yun, Yeo-Pyo,Hong, Jin-Tae,Kwon, Han-Na,Oh, Ki-Wan The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2006 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.29 No.10

The inhibitory effects of paeonol, a major compound of Paeoniae radix, on the development of locomotor sensitization, conditioned place preference (CPP) and dopamine receptor supersensitivity induced by the repeated administration of morphine were investigated through behavioral experiments. A single administration of morphine produces hyperlocomotion. Repeated administration of morphine develops sensitization (reverse tolerance), a progressive enhancement of locomotion, which is used as a model for studying the drug-induced drug-seeking behaviors, and CPP, which is used as a model for studying drug reinforcement. Paeonol inhibited morphine-induced hyperlocomotion, sensitization and CPP. In addition, paeonol inhibited the development of postsynaptic dopamine receptors supersensitivity, which may be an underlying common mechanism that mediates the morphine-induced dopaminergic behaviors such as sensitization and CPP. Apomorphine (a dopamine agonist)-induced climbing behaviors also were inhibited by a single direct administration of paeonol. These results provide evidence that paeonol exerts anti-dopaminergic activity, and it is suggested that paeonol may be useful for the prevention and therapy of these adverse actions of morphine.

Inhibitory Effects of (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate on Morphine-Induced Locomotor Sensitization and Conditioned Place Preference in Mice

Jae Soon Eun,Han Na Kwon,Jin Tae Hong,Ki Wan Oh 한국응용약물학회 2006 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.14 No.3

Effects of (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate on the Development of Morphine-induced Physical Dependence

Oh, Ki-Wan,Eun, Jae-Soon,Kwon, Han-Na,Cho, Eun-Young,Kim, Kyeong-Man 대한약학회 2007 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.30 No.9

Among the various nervous systems and signaling components involved in the development of morphine withdrawal symptoms, sensitization of the brain dopaminergic nervous system and an increase in the cAMP levels in the locus coeruleus are believed to be the most important cellular events. This study tested the effects of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a major compound of green tea, on the development of morphine-induced withdrawal symptoms. All the naloxone-precipitated withdrawal symptoms in morphine-dependent animals were inhibited by an EGCG pretreatment in a dose-dependent manner, being forepaw tremor, rearing, teeth chattering, urination, and wet dog shake were more sensitive than jumping and ptosis. In addition, EGCG showed moderate inhibitory effects on the morphine-induced increase in the cAMP levels in the locus coeruleus at 100 mg/kg and the signaling of the dopamine $D_2$ receptor at 100 ${\mu}M$. Effects of EGCG on the sequestration of $D_2$ receptor were inconclusive. These results suggest that EGCG has strong pharmacological activity against the development of morphine dependence, which can be partly explained by its inhibitory effects on the morphine-induced increase in the cAMP levels in the locus coeruleus and the signaling of the dopamine $D_2$ receptor.

Ginseng Extract Regulates the Alterations of Sleep Architecture and EEG Power Spectra in Restraint Stressed Rats

Yuan MA,Jae Soon EUN,Shulong YANG,Kwang Seung LEE,Eun-Sil LEE,Chung-Soo Kim,Ki-Wan OH 고려인삼학회 2010 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.34 No.1

The present investigation was conducted to evaluate the regulation of sleep architecture by the red ginseng water extract (RGE) in acutely and chronically restraint stressed rats. Adult rats were fitted with sleep?wake recording electrodes. Following post-surgical recovery, rats were extensively habituated for freely moving polygraphic recording conditions. Polygraphic signs of sleep-wake activities were recorded for 24 h after RGE administration and induction of stress and were analyzed to understand the regulation of sleep architecture. Acute stress decreased wakefulness and increased total sleep, non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in both the daytime and nighttime recording. RGE shortened the daytime NREM and REM sleep, without changing the wakefulness and total sleep. RGE increased nighttime wakefulness, and decreased total, NREM and REM sleep. Chronic stress increased wakefulness and decreased total sleep in the daytime recording, and increased REM and decreased NREM sleep in both the day and night time recording. RGE ameliorated chronic stress and induced alterations of REM and NREM sleep in the day and night time sleep architecture. Acute and chronic stress could also induce alternations in cortex electroencephalogram (EEG) recording during NREM, REM sleep and wakefulness. These findings suggest that RGE may modulate the sleep behavior in acutely and chronically stressed rats and the ameliorating effect of RGE on the sleep architecture may involve in modulation of α-, θ- and δ- wave activities of the cortical EEG.

Tranquilizer-Like Effects of Sanjoinine A: Possible GABA/Benzodiazepine Receptors Complex Involvement

( Yuan Ma ),( Jae Soon Eun ),( Ki Wan Oh ) 한국응용약물학회 2008 학술대회 Vol.2008 No.1

Ginseng Extract Regulates the Alterations of Sleep Architecture and EEG Power Spectra in Restraint Stressed Rats

Ma, Yuan,Eun, Jae-Soon,Yang, Shulong,Lee, Kwang-Seung,Lee, Eun-Sil,Kim, Chung-Soo,Oh, Ki-Wan The Korean Society of Ginseng 2010 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.34 No.1

The present investigation was conducted to evaluate the regulation of sleep architecture by the red ginseng water extract (RGE) in acutely and chronically restraint stressed rats. Adult rats were fitted with sleep.wake recording electrodes. Following post-surgical recovery, rats were extensively habituated for freely moving polygraphic recording conditions. Polygraphic signs of sleep-wake activities were recorded for 24 h after RGE administration and induction of stress and were analyzed to understand the regulation of sleep architecture. Acute stress decreased wakefulness and increased total sleep, non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in both the daytime and nighttime recording. RGE shortened the daytime NREM and REM sleep, without changing the wakefulness and total sleep. RGE increased nighttime wakefulness, and decreased total, NREM and REM sleep. Chronic stress increased wakefulness and decreased total sleep in the daytime recording, and increased REM and decreased NREM sleep in both the day and night time recording. RGE ameliorated chronic stress and induced alterations of REM and NREM sleep in the day and night time sleep architecture. Acute and chronic stress could also induce alternations in cortex electroencephalogram (EEG) recording during NREM, REM sleep and wakefulness. These findings suggest that RGE may modulate the sleep behavior in acutely and chronically stressed rats and the ameliorating effect of RGE on the sleep architecture may involve in modulation of $\alpha$-, $\theta$- and $\delta$- wave activities of the cortical EEG.

Korea Red Ginseng Alters Electroencephalogram Spectra of Sleep-Wake Stage in Rats

Ma, Yuan,Eun, Jae-Soon,Cheong, Jae-Hoon,Rhee, Dong-Kwon,Hong, Jin-Tae,Oh, Ki-Wan The Korean Society of Ginseng 2008 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.32 No.3

The present investigation was performed to evaluate the homeostatic regulation of sleep architecture by the ethanol extract of Korea red ginseng (KRG), since the available data were often controversial. In addition, it was also interested in whether the sleep-wake stages were differently affected by low and high doses of KRG. Each adult Wistar male rat was implanted with a transmitter for recording EEG and activity via telemetry. After one week of surgery, polygraphic signs of undisturbed sleep-wake activities were recorded for 12 h (between 9:00 am and 9:00 pm) after KRG administration. KRG (10 and 100 mg/kg) increased non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep as well as total sleep. The total percentages of wakefulness were decreased comparably. KRG (10 mg/kg) decreased the power density of the ${\delta}-wave$ (0.75-4.5 Hz) and increased ${\alpha}-wave$ (8.0-13.0 Hz) in the NREM and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. KRG also decreased ${\delta}-wave$ power density in wake time. However, KRG (100 mg/kg) increased ${\delta}-wave$ and decreased ${\theta}-wave$ (5.0-9.0 Hz) power density in wake time, while showed little effect on the power density in NREM and REM sleep. In conclusion, low and high doses of KRG increase spontaneous sleep and NREM sleep and differently regulate the EEG spectra in REM and NREM sleep.

Korea Red Ginseng Alters Electroencephalogram Spectra of Sleep-Wake Stage in Rats

Yuan Ma,Jae Soon Eun,Jae-Hoon Cheong,Dong-Kwon Rhee,Jin Tae Hong,Ki-Wan Oh 고려인삼학회 2008 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.32 No.3

The present investigation was performed to evaluate the homeostatic regulation of sleep architecture by the ethanolextract of Korea red ginseng (KRG), since the available data were often controversial. In addition, it was also interested in whether the sleep-wake stages were differently affected by low and high doses of KRG. Each adult Wistar male rat was implanted with a transmitter for recording EEG and activity via telemetry. After one week of surgery, polygraphic signs of undisturbed sleep-wake activities were recorded for 12 h (between 9:00 am and 9:00 pm) after KRG administration. KRG (10 and 100 ㎎/㎏) increased non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep as well as total sleep. The total percentages of wakefulness were decreased comparably. KRG (10 ㎎/㎏) decreased the power density of the δ-wave (0.75-4.5 ㎐) and increased α-wave (8.0-13.0 ㎐) in the NREM and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. KRG also decreased δ-wave power density in wake time. However, KRG (100 ㎎/㎏) increased δ-wave and decreased θ-wave (5.0-9.0 ㎐) power density in wake time, while showed little effect on the power density in NREM and REM sleep. In conclusion, low and high doses of KRG increase spontaneous sleep and NREM sleep and differently regulate the EEG spectra in REM and NREM sleep.

Therapeutic Effects of Ginseng on Psychotic Disorders

Yuan Ma,Jae Soon Eun,Ki-Wan Oh 고려인삼학회 2007 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.31 No.3

Ginseng, the root of Panax species, a well-known herbal medicine has been used as a traditional medicine for thousands of years and is now a popular and worldwide used natural medicine. Ginseng has been used primarily as a tonic to invigorate weak bodies to help the restoration of homeostasis in a wide range of pathological conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, immune deficiency and hepatotoxicity. Although conclusive clinical data in humans is still missing, recent research results have suggested that some of the active ingredients ginseng exert beneficial effects on central nervous system (CNS) disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, suggesting it could be used in treatment of psychotic disorders. Data from neural cell cultures and animal studies contribute to the understanding of these mechanisms that involve inhibitory effects on stress-induced corticosterone level increasing and modulating of neurontransmitters, reducing Ca²? over-influx, scavenging of free radicals and counteracting excitotoxicity. In this review, we focused on recently reported medicinal effects of ginseng and summarized the possibility of its applications on psychotic disorders.