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성기영(Ki-Yeong Seong),전원태(Weon-Tai Jeon),조현숙(Hyun-Suk Cho),김충국(Chung-Guk Kim),정광호(Kwang-Ho Jeong),송득영(Duk-Young Song),최봉수(Bongsu Choi) 韓國雜草學會 2010 Weed&Turfgrass Science Vol.30 No.2
자생 살갈퀴는 천립중이 14.9g, 종자크기가 2.8mm로 헤어리베치 27.7g, 3.41mm보다 작으며, 종자는 경실종자로 헤어리베치보다 휴면성이 높았다. 자생살갈퀴는 수원의 경우 4월초순이 되면 생장을 시작하며 무한화서로 개화기는 5월 5일경이며 6월 1일경에는 고숙기가 되어 종자채종이 가능하였다. 5월 중순이면 살갈퀴의 생장이 정지되는데 초장은 46.6~60.9cm이며 보리와 혼파를 하면 101.1cm까지 자랐다. 분지수는 2~6개이며, 착협 마디수는 분지당 3.5~3.7개, 협수는 3.8~6.6개였다. 살갈퀴 생체중은 2,960~14,450kg ha-1로 헤어리베치 24,860kg ha-1에 비해 크게 떨어졌다. 그러나 논에서 재배한 살갈퀴는 질소함량이 61~65kg ha-1(생체중 13,600~14,450kg ha-1)으로 화학비료를 절감하는 녹비로서 이용할 수 있을 것으로 생각되었다. 또한 살갈퀴는 사양질 논토양에서 재발생율이 높은 특성이 있어 이에 대한 연구 가 기대된다. Vicia angustifolia L. is native plant of winter annual leguminous weed in Korea. Objective of this research was to investigate the effects of V. angustifolia as green manure for rice production in sustainable agriculture. Seed size of V. angustifolia was smaller than that hairy vetch as control plant, while seed number in same amount was approximately 1.4-fold higher. V. angustifolia started stem elongation in early April. In addition, flowering and dead-ripe stages of the plant reached at May 5th and June 1st, respectively. Growth of V. angustifolia-barley mixed cropping system in upland was promoted up to 101 cm of plant length compared to 46.6 to 60.9 cm that grown in paddy. Biomass yield of V. angustifolia was 14.5 kg ha-1 in single cropping system of paddy soil, and the amount of nitrogen was 65 kg ha-1. Moreover, self-reseedling of fallen seed from V. angustifolia grown in previous year in paddy soil was significantly higher than that hairy vetch plant. These results suggested that V. angustifolia can be uses as green manure in addition to reducing the mineral fertilizer application in rice production for sustainable agriculture.
콩과 피복작물 리빙멀치에 따른 옥수수 무경운 재배지의 잡초군락 변화
최봉수(Bong Su Choi),김충국(Chung Guk Kim),성기영(Ki Yeong Seong),송득영(Duk Young Song),전원태(Weon Tai Jeon),조현숙(Hyun Suk Cho),정광호(Kwang He Jeong),강위금(Ui Gum Kang) 韓國雜草學會 2011 Weed&Turfgrass Science Vol.31 No.1
이른 봄 녹비피복작물 생육에 따른 잡초의 발생은 헤어리베치구에서 크림손클로버구의 76%수준이었으며, 발생한 잡초총은 헤어리베치구에서 4종(냉이, 쇠별꽃, 점나도나물 및 꽃다지), 크림손클로버구에서 3종(냉이, 쇠별꽃 및 꽃다지)이었다. 두 피복작물 재배지에서 발생한 잡초 중 냉이는 다른 초종보다 현저히 많았고, 이에 따른 건물생산량도 가장 높았다. 크림손클로버구는 냉이 외에도 쇠별꽃의 개체수가 많았으며, 건물생산량도 쇠별꽃이 가장 높았다. 옥수수 생육중기의 경작지 발생 잡초는 관행구에서 9종으로 다양하였으며, 잡초의 개체수도 가장 많았다. 한편 헤어리베치구와 크림손클로버구의 발생 잡초는 각각 4종과 6종이었으며, 건물생산량은 각각 관행구의 18과 25% 수준으로 낮았다. 옥수수 수확 후 각 재배지 발생 잡초는 초종이 현저히 감소하여 바랭이를 비롯한 5종, 헤어리베치와 크림손클로버구에서 각각 5종과 4종이었다. 잡초의 건물율은 관행구에서 23.5%였으며, 헤어리베치와 크림손클로버는 각각 13.8과 14.7%로 관행구에 비해 현저히 낮았다. 한편 피복작물 재배구는 토양 피복에 의한 낮은 지온과 광차단 등으로 인하여 관행구에서 발생하지 않았던 쇠별꽃이 지속적으로 생육하였다. Cover crop can be used to suppress weeds by competition for light and nutrient. Objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of legume cover crops on change of weed community in no-till corn cultivation. Two legume cover crops, hairy vetch and crimson clover were grown in the field, and succeeding corn was sown on 4 May, 2010. The distribution of weed was surveyed at 15 April, 1 June, and 20 August. At 15 April, the weed biomass in hairy vetch field was higher than in crimson clover field. The dominant weeds were Capsella bursa-pastoris L. and Stellaria aquatica L. in hairy vetch and crimson clover fields, respectively. At vegetative stage of corn, occurred weeds in hairy vetch and crimson clover fields were four and six species, respectively, while the weed was occurred with nine species in conventional. Also the dry weight of weed was decreased by 82 and 75% in hairy vetch and crimson clover fields compared to conventional. On the other hand, after harvest of corn, occurred weed in hairy vetch, crimson clover and conventional was five, four and five species, respectively. Dry weight percentage of occurred weed in conventional was 23.5%, and the value was higher than 13.8 and 14.7% in hairy vetch and crimson clover fields, respectively. Stellaria aquatica L. as winter annual weed only occurred in cover crop field during corn growing season. It is these possibilities that low soil temperature and light interception by soil cover of legume cover crop.