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홍여신(Hong Yeo Shin),송미순(Song Mi Soon) 한국노년학회 1985 한국노년학 Vol.5 No.1
One of the greatest challenge that the world's societies are confronted with is the growing ratio of aged to total population. Aging population has multiple impacts on individual, and family lives and on the society as a whole. With aging, man experiences more health problems together with many social and psychological problems that are unique to an old age and functional to cultural variations. It should be an cooperative venture among individuals, families, professionals and society as a whole to help alleviate the problems of aged in each society. Nurses meet aged more frequently in recent years in their practice settings: Good gerontological nursing care should take account these multiple aspects of aging. Education of nursing student in gerontological nursing will not only enhance the quality of the care of the aged, but also is the most important part contributing for the development of the field of gerontology. Currently gerontological nursing is included in undergraduate nursing curricula in all 16 baccalaureate nursing programs that were surveyed. Six schools of nursing have established separate subject on gerontological nursing. For the rest of schools, gerontological nursing content are integrated into traditional nursing subjects in various degrees. The result of our survey and literature review as the background, we propose that gerontological nursing curriculum integrated in undergraduate nursing curricular in baccalaureate schools of nursing in Korea. The proposed principles of curriculum building in gerontological nursing is as follows : 1) The course of study in gerontological nursing should be developed in combination of a separate course and integrated courses. 2) For the effectiveness of study, the subject of gerontology as a discipline including the general characteristics of aging is developed in a separate course, and implication of aging in various practice fields will be integrated into current courses of study as applicable. 3) A parallel gerontological nursing clinical practicum should be developed as an integral part of current fields of practice. Students learn about normal aging by experiencing well elderly in the family and community setting in sophomore year to foster positive attitude toward aged and agings. In junior and senior years, the practicum include the care of ill and well elderly in institutions of care and as an integral part of field experience in community nursing.
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Community Based Nursing Service As An Alternative Background Forces and Current Practice
홍여신,이선자,Hong Yeo-Shin,Rhee Seon-Ja Korean Nurses Association 1980 대한간호 Vol.104 No.-
간호사업은 1970년대 후반부터 이제까지의 병원중심-환자중심의 간호사업을 수행해 오다가 지역사회에 기반을 둔 간호사업인 건강간호사업으로 전환되기 시작하였다. 세계보건기구에서도 지역사회에 기반을 둔 간호사업인 일차건강관리사업을 중점적으로 지원하기 시작한 것이다. 이러한 역사적 전환의 배경과 실태에 관하여 문헌고찰을 하여 앞으로 국민건강사업 체계에 대한 논의에 참고자료가 되게 하고자 본 논문을 시도하였다. 본 논문에서 얻어진 결과를 다음과 같이 요약한다. 고도의 과학문명의 발달과 물질적 풍요로 특징짓는 현대사회속에서도 인류의 건강문제는 영원히 충족되지 못한 상태로 대두되고 있는 실정이다. 전통적으로 60년대 중반까지는 의료지식 및 기계공업의 발달과 이를 뒷받침할 재정적 지원속에 세계적으로 치료의학분야에 획기적인 발전을 가져왔다. 다른 한편으로는 건강을 태생의 권리라고 규정하여 여러나라에서 사회보장제대로써 의료시해의 균점을 위한 각가지 방도를 마련하기에 이르렀다. 그리하여 60년대말기부터 70년대로 넘어오면서 치료의학의 발달만으로는 의료수가가 앙등되어 모든 국민이 이용할 수 없을 뿐만 아니라 나아가서는 모든 국민의 건강문제를 해결하기는 어렵다는 사실을 발견하기 시작하였다. 또한 지역사회의 건강문제를 요인별로 따져보면 복잡하여 사회경제적, 문화적, 환경적, 유전적 제요인과도 밀접한 관계를 맺고 있기 때문에 신체적인 질병의 치료만이 지역사회 건강문제를 해결하는 길이 아님을 알게 되었다 그리고 지역사회의 건강문제를 해결하기 위해서는 일차보건의료사업에 중점을 두어 노력하는 것이 가장 합리적인 개선방안이라는 의견이 경험적으로 이론적으로 뒷받침되기 시작하였다. 이러한 사조는 지역사회 건강문제가 복잡한 것과 같이 그 접근방법에 있어서도 여러보건요원이 팀이 되어 임해야만 하며 그중에서도 간호팀의 활동이 중추적인 역할을 담당해야 한다고 여러 전문가들은 주장하고 있다. 따라서 앞으로의 간호사업의 방향은 지역 사회에 기반을 둔 간호사업이 실시되어야만 국민건강문제 해결에 기여하게 될 것으로 고찰되었다.
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노인의 근력강화운동이 일상생활기능 및 삶의 질에 미치는 효과
김희자,홍여신,Kim, Hee-Ja,Hong, Yeo-Shin 한국지역사회간호학회 1995 지역사회간호학회지 Vol.6 No.1
An Effect of Muscle Strength Training Program on Muscle Strength, Muscle Endurance, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living and Quality of Life in the Institutionalized Elderly Recent statistics shows that the aged are the fastest growing segment of our population by increasing life span. The age group of over 60 shows multiple health problems and the most serious handicapping problem of these. are related to the changes in muscular skeletal system. With aging, people lose. their muscle mass and muscle strength resulting from biological changes and physical inactivity. Studies documented a 30-50% loss of muscle mass in an advanced age and thus, ordinary life activities can be seriously affected due to weakened muscle strength. Preservation of muscle strength of lower limb is especially important in the aged. Since it is readily affected from reduced physical activity in old age, sometimes to the detriment of moving or walking. So muscle strength exercise program designed for the elderly to improve leg muscle strength and leg muscle endurance. The research design used was nonequivalent control group pretest - protest design. The purposes of this study were to test the effect of muscle strength exercise program utilizing Leg Press on muscle strength, muscle endurance, instrumental activities of daily living(IADL), cognitive perceptual variables and quality of life. Forty nine subjects participating in this study consisted of twenty four male and twenty five female. Twenty four experimental group subjects were selected from C-institution in Chung Buk province, and twenty five control group subjects were selected from O-institution in Chung Nam province. The mean age of subjects was 72.8 years. Muscle strength training program utilizing Leg Press for the experimental group was carried out three times a week for 9 weeks. The data was collected from August, 1993 to October, 1993. Data were analyzed with $X^2-test$, t-test, ANCOVA test, Kruskal Wallis 1-Way ANOVA test using SPSS PC program. Results were obtained as follows : 1) The experimental group showed significantly higher scores on muscle strength (leg lift strength, back lift strength and grip strength) and muscle endurance than control group after the experiment $\ulcorner$F=52.35(p=.001), F=54.07(p=.001), F=6.97(p=.011), F=18.17(p=.001)$\lrcorner$ 2) Experimental group were significantly higher scores on IADL than control group(F=7.51, p=.009). 3) Experimental group showed significantly higher scores on economical state and self esteem aspects of the quality of life scale than control group $\ulcorner$F=10.59(p=.002), F=6.97(p=.011)$\lrcorner$. But there were no differences in emotional state, physical and functional state and relationship with reatives in the quality of life between groups. 4) Scores on IADL showed a significant difference with the level of muscle strength and muscle endurance $\ulcornerx^2=7.73(p=.025),\;x^2=8.86\;(p=.011)\lrcorner$ 5) Scores on self esteem and physical and functional state aspects of the quality of life scale showed a significant difference with the level of IADL $\ulcornerx^2=11.39(p=.003),\;x^2=9.02(p=.011)\lrcorner$. 6) Scores of experimental group after the experiment in cognitive perceptual variables (perceived benefit on exercise, perceived health status, self efficacy, emotion on exercise) were significantly higher than those of control group $\ulcorner$F=32.09(p=.001), F=5.07(p=.029), F=20.63 (p=.001), F=30.38(p=.001)$\lrcorner$. As a result of this study, the effect of strength training exercise program with Leg. Press had improved muscle strength, muscle endurance, IADL, and the perception of self esteem, physical and funtional state, and economical state. Thus strength training program could be beneficially applied for the prevention of disablity and promotion of health and wellbeing in the aged easily and safely. The subjects in
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