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최적 IT 환경제어를 위한 데이터센터의 공기분배(공조)시스템 선정에 관한 연구
조진균(Cho Jin-Kyun),정차수(Jeong Cha-Su),김병선(Kim Byung-Seon) 대한건축학회 2009 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.25 No.3
A critical goal of a data center cooling system is to separate the equipment exhaust air from the equipment intake air in order to prevent equipment from overheating. This separation also significantly increases the efficiency and capacity of the cooling system. When equipment power density increases, the corresponding increase in exhaust air volume and intake air volume makes it more difficult to prevent equipment from drawing exhaust air from itself or neighboring equipment into its intake. Cooling systems for data centers are primarily differentiated in the way they distribute air. Air supply systems have 4, and air return systems have 3 different configurations which can be combined to create 12 basic types of cooling systems. But the 6 combinations of flooded and locally ducted distribution make up the vast majority of all installations except fully ducted air distribution methods. Once the air distribution system is selected, there are other elements that must be integrated into the system design. These include layout of racks in alternating rows, location of CRAC/CRAH units, quantity and location of vents, sizing of ductwork and proper internal configuration of racks. In this research, the design parameters and IT environmental aspects of cooling system were studied with a multi-megawatt data center. CFD simulation analysis was carried out in order to compare the heat removal efficiency combined with six types of air distribution systems by Star-CD simulation program. And IT environment of actual operating data center is surveyed. A method for planning and design of the appropriate air distribution system was described. IT professionals versed in precision air distribution mechanisms, components and configurations can work more effectively with HVAC/cooling engineers to ensure the specification and design of optimized cooling solutions.
데이터센터의 공조효율 향상을 위한 공조파티션시스템 성능평가에 관한 연구
조진균(Jin-Kyun Cho),정차수(Cha-Su Jeong),김병선(Byung-Seon Kim) 대한설비공학회 2010 설비공학 논문집 Vol.22 No.4
In a typical data center, large numbers of IT sever racks are arranged multiple rows. IT environments, in which extensive electronic hardware is air-cooled, cooling system inefficiencies result when heated exhaust air from equipment prematurely mixes with chilled coolant air before it is used for cooling. Mixing of chilled air before its use with heated exhaust air results in significant cooling inefficiencies in many systems. Over temperatures may not only harm expensive electronic equipment but also interrupt critical and revenue generating services. Cool shield is a cost effective aisle partition system to contain the air in cold aisles and hot aisles of an IT server room. This paper focuses on the use of performance metrics for analyzing aisle partition system in data centers.
고밀도 내부부하 중심 건물의 에너지 절약적 공조방식에 대한 연구
조진균(Jin-Kyun Cho),정차수(Cha-Su Jeong),김병선(Byung-Seon Kim) 대한설비공학회 2010 설비공학 논문집 Vol.22 No.8
With the advancement of technology, the density of IT equipment, heat load and power consumption continue to increase in high density internal-load dominated buildings as datacenters. To improve the HVAC system’s energy performance and efficiency, there is a need to find methods of using outside air. Through cooling tower control that is based on outside wet-bulb temperature, the water-side economizer made it possible to achieve a maximum energy performance improvement of about 16.6% over the basic chilled water system, whereas the air-side economizer, through control based on outdoor air enthalpy, made it possible to achieve about 42.4% improvement.
초고층, 대규모 건물의 에너지 절약적 공조방식 선정을 위한 설계접근 방안에 대한 연구
조진균(Cho Jin-Kyun),정차수(Jeong Cha-Su),김병선(Kim Byung-Seon) 대한건축학회 2008 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.24 No.6
More than 60% of people all over the world are living in urban areas, and the people and buildings keep spending energy, and it makes excessive problems of global energy system. Currently, lots of attention is being paid for how to design HVAC(heating ventilating air conditioning) system in large-scale and high-rise buildings. Increasing awareness of energy use is main point of this research. HVAC systems' energy characteristics are not clearly identified and understood, so the optimal design of HVAC system is very important. Despite the fact that cold air distribution system, displacement air conditioning system, UFAD(under floor air distribution) system, cooling/heating radiation system, chilled beam system and DOAS(dedicated outdoor air system) have many energy conservational benefits and are being applied in the field in increasing numbers, there is need for fundamental understandings of several energy consumption factor of these HVAC systems. This study investigates the energy parameters of HVAC design that are system input energy, water/air moving equipments(pumps/fans) energy and outdoor air conditioning energy for IAQ. The purpose of this study is to provide the basic data for energy conservation strategies and it is a main target in the development of HVAC system selection/design guideline.
최적 IT 환경제어를 위한 데이터센터의 냉각(열원)시스템 선정에 관한 연구
조진균(Cho Jin-Kyun),정차수(Jeong Cha-Su),김병선(Kim Byung-Seon) 대한건축학회 2008 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.24 No.12
Today's data centers require precise, stable environments for sensitive IT equipments to operate optimally. As the latest computing equipment becomes smaller and uses the same or even more electricity than the equipment it replaced, more heat is being generated in data centers. There are 4 basic ways to collect and transport heat from the IT environment to the outdoor environment such as air cooled systems, glycol cooled systems, water cooled systems and chilled water systems. Each method uses the refrigeration cycle to transport or pump heat. When designing or selecting cooling system of data center, the existing facility infrastructure, the total power level of the installation, the geographical location, the physical constraints of the building and initial installation/operating costs should also be considered. In this research, the design parameters and economical aspects of cooling system were studied with the largest multi-megawatt data center that is recently completed in Korea. Energy simulation analysis was carried out in order to compare the energy consumption combined with four basic cooling systems by TRNSYS simulation program and energy saving effects of water-side economizer systems are reviewed. A method for planning and design of the appropriate cooling system was described. IT professionals versed in precision cooling mechanisms, components and configurations can work more effectively with HVAC/cooling engineers to ensure the specification and design of optimized cooling solutions.
그린IT 환경구현을 위한 데이터센터의 에너지 효율적 디자인 구현 및 평가방안에 대한 연구
조진균(Cho Jin-Kyun),정차수(Jeong Cha-Su),김병선(Kim Byung-Seon) 대한건축학회 2009 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.25 No.9
Environmental sustainability and climate change will present substantial opportunities and important risks for the IT industry in 2008 and beyond. Green design is the hot topic these days, and the concept is having an impact on the way people think about data centers. Large data centers are one of the most significant energy consumers, so any action to reduce this consumption will have a positive impact on environmental footprint. High energy costs and growing environmental awareness are the primary drivers of green data centers. A green data center is defined as one in which the architectural, mechanical, lighting, electrical and IT-computer systems are designed for maximum energy efficiency and minimum environmental impact. Data centers also focused on the use of performance metrics for analyzing air distribution systems and demonstrates four metrics. They provide an opportunity to judge the performance of cooling system. Data center managers are so much interested in LEED recently but there are few currently certified data centers in the U.S. While LEED is an excellent tool to provide a metric, it can't be a suitable driver for IT design. Now, there are several data center grading systems from grin greed and ASHRAE, but they are not complete evaluation tools, too. This paper closes that gap by outlining a green approach to energy reduction, based on quantitative analysis, that enables a 1.5 of PUE or greater reduction in data center energy consumption.