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1901년 제주민란에 관한 일고 : 소위 신축교난의 발생 원인을 중심으로
정진각 한양대학교 한국학연구소 1983 韓國學論集 Vol.3 No.-
The Cheju Revolt at the advent of this century is distinct from other civil uprisings of the late Choson dynasty in that it brought out hundreds of Catholic casualties, raising an international dispute. This revolt has mainly been ascribed to the Japanese residents of that island who perportedly instigated the islanders against the upsurging Catholic influence. This article to be intended reassessing that traditional belief, which an outcome of misunderstandings of the overall international situation around the Korean Peninsula, geographical remoteness of the setting of the island and the misdeeds of the Catholic priests and laymen. Cheju Island, have been under revere had many unfavorable conditions. Its soil was not appropriate for farming and forced most of the islanders to turn to fishing for their living, which was unstable and often risky. Thus the islanders were infested with superstitions and shamanism. The remoteness of the island made it uneasy for the influence of the central government and promoted corruption of the local administrators. Moreover, the 19 th century saw the increasing piracies of the Japanese fisherman. These internal and external exploitation induced the islanders to form an organization to protect themselves and through which to secure their interests. Sangmusa(商務社) was one of them. By 1901, the exploitation of the tax officers (Bongsegwan 捧稅官): became even more relentless and French-supported Catholics added their pillage on the islanders, It was against these exploitation that the islanders, gatheineg around the Sangmusa, uprose. The uprising quickly expanded when the Catholic priests, upon misjudging the situation, invited the commitment of the French Fleet and their followers shot the revolting islanders. This again resulted the bloody mass revenges of the islanders on the Catholics, bringing the casualties from both sides counted over seven hundred. Through the course of the revolt, no evidence of the Japanese residents, involvement is found. Nor could the persistent effort of Lolant Cre´mazy, a French lawyer, prove their commitment. The fact that the Japanese fishermen deserted the already devastated Cheju fishing grounds toward the coast of the Korean Penensula in the end of the 19th century supports the conclusion that there was no involvement of the Japanese. Overshadowed by the name of Religious Ordeal, which emphasizes the victims on the side of Catholics, the reality of the revolt has not hitherto been made clear. Of course, there did exist an element of a Religious Ordeal, in that Catholics had many causalities (that is also a result of unreasonable propagation on their side). But a more important meaning of the revolt should be found in its character as a civil uprising showing the islanders' unity and their spirit of independence, which refuses any foreign power's influence.
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