중국 위생검역규범과 WTO 관련 규범의 합치성

이양기(Yang-kee Lee) 한국국제상학회 2009 國際商學 Vol.24 No.1

China’s accession to the World Trade Organization in December of 2001 means that China’s trade and regulatory regime should reflect its WTO commitments. This paper outlines the developments and characteristics of the Chinese SPS related rules and regulations. Then, it assesses its conformity with international treaties. China has enacted many laws and regulations on food and agricultural production in order to adopt WTO SPS measures. But, many problems still exist in Chinese food safety rules and regulatory systems. First, domestic food regulations are usually inconsistent with or are less restrictive than international standards. Second, there is little coordination among the various government ministries and agencies when they establish agricultural standards and food safety controls. Third, the lack of technical, institutional, and managerial capacity to control and ensure compliance makes the regulations and standards ineffective. The conclusion is that China’s SPS regimes currently deviate considerably from WTO norms and China should amend its regulations to conform to WTO Commitments.

관세평가의 전자적 적용을 위한 통관제도의 개선방안에 관한 연구

이양기(Yang-Kee Lee) 한국관세학회 2011 관세학회지 Vol.12 No.1

Though the courtesy of the development of information technology, all related customs clearance procedures could be implemented electronically. This contributed to increasing efficiency, by decreasing the time and cost, for customs clearance procedures. But there are still a lot of outstanding matters in the process of estimating the value of a product at customs. The purpose of this paper is to provide improvement strategies of the customs clearance for the electronic application of customs valuation. In order to accomplish this purpose, we review both systems of customs valuation and electronic clearance of Korea, and examine the present condition and problems of post-evaluation of tax amount and operation of UNI- PASS system.

중소기업의 수출 지원을 위한 블록체인 수출 인증 시스템의 도입 필요성에 관한 연구

이양기(Yang-Kee Lee),이기영(Ki-Young Lee),강봉주(Bong-Ju Kang) 한국관세학회 2021 관세학회지 Vol.22 No.4

Today, the expansion of non-tariff barriers, such as certification, is adding to the difficulty of growing trade. In particular, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) face difficulties in preparing for non-tariff barriers due to a lack of professional manpower and experience, so appropriate solutions are needed. Design rights and overseas certifications require sufficient review and confirmation before signing a trade contract. However, it is true that most small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) focus only on product quality control and neglect information and management. After the conclusion of a trade contract, when goods arrive at the place of import or go through customs clearance for import, they face authentication problems. Unlike before, the expansion of non-tariff barriers is approaching another difficulty for the parties to trade transactions of SMEs, and to solve this problem, it is necessary to introduce a platform that can provide comprehensive trade information. And as the optimal technology required to implement such a platform, the technology of interest is the block chain. Blockchain technology has advantages in various aspects such as transaction transparency, transaction visibility, cost and time savings, and real-time information confirmation. This characteristic of blockchain can provide efficiency in trade transactions involving various parties. In addition, the introduction and construction of a blockchain-based smart contract platform that can provide information on overseas market research, import/export-related licenses, and various certifications and patents to SMEs using blockchain technology must be realized.

인코텀즈Ⓡ 2010의 법적지위와 실무적용상의 한계

이양기(Yang-Kee Lee) 한국관세학회 2012 관세학회지 Vol.13 No.2

Incoterms is intended to facilitate drafting of clear and concise sales contracts by providing comprehensive rules that the parties can easily integrate into their international contract of sale. Since the creation of the Incoterms rules by ICC in 1936, this globally accepted contractual standard has been regularly updated to keep pace with the development of international trade. There have been some significant changes to the Incoterms in Incotermsⓡ 2010 that should be of importance to buyers and sellers of goods in international and domestic commerce. This article firstly provides some background to the Incoterms 2010 as well as the purpose of this study, secondly introduces the legal status of Incotermsⓡ 2010, then discusses about major changes of Incoterms 2010 in respective of delivery terms, before commenting their practical applications and limitations and reaching a conclusion.

블록체인 기술에 의한 무역 패러다임의 디지털화와 향후 과제

이양기(Yang-Kee Lee),김진수(Jin-Soo Kim),이기영(Ki-Young Lee) 한국국제상학회 2020 國際商學 Vol.35 No.1

전자상거래의 성장과 전자적 용역 거래의 확대는 무역의 범위와 형태에 큰 변화를 가져왔고 디지털 무역이 성장하는 데 일조했다. 또한 제4차 산업혁명으로 인해 사물인터넷, 빅데이터, 인공지능뿐 아니라 블록체인 기술을 향한 관심이 고조되고 있다. 블록체인은 분산원장 네트워크다. 이를 통해 거래 당사자들은 정보를 저장하고 공유하기 때문에, 거래비용이 발생하지 않고 정보의 위변조가 일어나지 않는 등 안전한 거래가 보장된다. 블록체인은 의료, 공공서비스, 저작권, 유통이력, 고가품이나 부동산 거래, 문서공증, 선거, 전력시장, 사회복지 분야에서 이미 그 가치를 증명하고 있다. 그리고 현재 디지털 무역 환경의 변화 속에서 블록체인 기술은 그 활용가치가 더욱 높을 것으로 예상된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 먼저 블록체인 기술의 특징과 이로 인한 무역 패러다임의 디지털화를 검토하고, 자발적 거래생태계의 조성이나 중소중견기업(MSMEs)을 위한 환경 구축 등 향후 과제를 제시하고자 한다. Purpose : The purpose of this study is to examine the possible changes in trade transactions that blockchain technology would bring and present the future task of digital trade. Research design, data, methodology : This study used the method of analyzing the related literature reviews. Results : For the blockchain system to be applied efficiently, an appropriate transaction ecosystem is necessary. Besides, we need to prepare a solution for data problems and a long-term approach and policy. Conclusions : Through blockchain technology, digital trade can reduce transaction costs and secure transparency and visibility in transactions. In other words, blockchain technology can contribute to acceleration the trade paradigm to be digitalized.

TRIPS협정하의 의약품특허 강제실시권의 주요 쟁점과 판단기준

이양기(Yang kee Lee),박지은(Ji eun Park) 한국국제상학회 2015 國際商學 Vol.30 No.1

WTO체제에서는 회원국이 무역관련 지식재산권 협정(TRIPS협정)을 체결하여 지식재산권을 보호하고 경제, 문화 측면만이 아니라 의약품 특허에 대한 보호장치도 마련하고 있다. 이에 특허권자와 이용자 간에 적절한 이익의 균형을 맞추기 위하여 일정한 요건하에 강제로 특허권을 사용할 수 있는 제도를 두고 있는데 이것이 바로 강제실시권이다. 강제실시권은 공중보건이 위협을 받는 상황에서 의약품 특허에 대하여 시행되고 있으며 TRIPS협정에서는 제31조에 강제실시 요건들을 규정하고 있다. 각국에서는 이를 기반으로 강제실시를 시행하고 있다. 본 연구는 먼저 선행연구를 통하여 국제협정문에 규정되어 있는 강제실시권의 요건 및 내용을 고찰하였다. 그리고 제3장에서는 TRIPS협정 제31조에 따라 시행된 각국의 강제실시 사례를 분석하였고 제4장에서는 사례분석을 통하여 강제실시권을 행사함에 있어서 구체화된 주요 쟁점조항을 분석하여 동 규정을 보다 구체적이고 체계적으로 해석함으로써 그동안 논란이 되어왔던 TRIPS협정 규정의 해석상의 판단기준을 제시하고자 하였다. Purpose : The aim of this research is to suggest the methods of giving medical benefits to people through enhancing value of public health and value of free trade on TRIPS and patent to use compulsory licensing. Research design, data, methodology : This research analyzed the articles concerned with compulsory licensing regulated in Doha declaration and TRIPS agreement and reviewed the articles compulsory licensing regulated in the law of major countries. Results : The results of this research are as follows: one is systematically and specifically interpret the regulations of TRIP agreement article 31 (b) the principle of prior consultation and (h) reward principle and the other is to suggest the criterion of judgement which has been vague. Conclusions : There are three conclusions: one is to specifically make the period of prior consultation in the principle of prior consultation, another is to need to discuss on the scope of reward of reward principle, and the third is to need discussion on compulsory licensing on the precondition of prevention.

한미수입쇠고기협상의 국제법적 평가와 한국위생검역규범의 선진화 방안

이양기(Yang-Kee Lee) 한국무역학회 2008 貿易學會誌 Vol.33 No.5

국제안전관리규약이 해상보험에 미치는 법적 영향

이양기(Yang-Kee Lee),이우영(Woo-Young Lee) 한국무역학회 2010 貿易學會誌 Vol.35 No.5

국제선박 및 항만시설보안규약이 해상보험에서의 감항능력담보에 미치는 법적 영향

이양기(Yang-Kee Lee),이우영(Woo-Young Lee) 한국무역학회 2011 貿易學會誌 Vol.36 No.1

항해용선계약에서 체박손해금에 관한 사례연구: 국내 판결을 중심으로

이양기(Yang-Kee Lee),이기영(Ki-Young Lee),김진수(Jin-Soo Kim) 한국무역학회 2020 貿易學會誌 Vol.45 No.4