태풍 곤파스에 의해 발생한 풍도목 특성과 바람과의 관계 분석

윤호중 ( Ho Joong Youn ),박기형 ( Ki Hyung Park ),이명보 ( Myung Bo Lee ),원명수 ( Myoung Soo Won ),김경하 ( Kyong Ha Kim ) 한국임학회 2011 한국산림과학회지 Vol.100 No.2

본 연구는 2010년 9월 2일 강한 바람으로 우리나라 중부 지방에 영향을 미친 제7호 태풍 곤파스로 인해 피해를 입은 홍릉수목원 내 풍도목을 대상으로 풍도목의 특징, 임내·외 풍향 및 풍속의 특징을 구명하고자 실시하였다. 풍도목은 피해 유형에 따라 바람에 쓰러진 나무, 기울어진 나무, 수간이 부러진 나무 등 크게 세 가지로 구분하여 조사하였다. 바람이 불기 시작한 9월 2일 04시부터 바람이 완전히 멎은 12시까지의 풍속을 분석한 결과, 임내 평균풍속과 순간최대풍속은 각각 1.4 m/s와 3.5 m/s 이었으며, 06시 10분 임내 평균풍속과 순간최대풍속이 각각 3.4 m/s와 8.7 m/s로 최고치를 기록하였다. 곤파스의 피해를 받은 2010년 9월 2일과 강풍주의보가 발효되었던 과거 5일(2009년 2월 13일, 2월 20일, 4월 21일, 10월 16일, 2010년 3월 20일)의 평균풍속 차이와 파동을 비교 분석한 결과, 풍도목 발생 원인은 바람의 세기보다는 단위시간당 바람파동횟수와 관련이 깊은 것으로 사료된다. 풍향 분석결과 임내 평균풍향은 방위각 112.5°~180°(ESE-SE-SSE-S)와 247.5°(WSW) 방향에서 불어 들어왔으며, 임내·외 순간 최대풍향 모두 방위각 157.5°(SSE) 방향에서 강하게 불어 들어왔다. 풍도목의 도복 방향과 위치를 분석한 결과 84.0%의 풍도목이 방위각 270°~22.5°(W-WNW-NW-NNW-N-NNE) 방향으로 쓰러졌으며, 97.3%의 풍도목이 완경사지(경사15° 미만)와 경사지(경사 15°~20°)에서 발생하였다. 풍도목 중 침엽수가 45.3%를 차지했고, 활엽수가 54.7%를 차지하였으나, 임상별로 보면 풍도목은 활엽수림보다 침엽수림과 혼효림에서 주로 발생한 것으로 나타났다. This study was carried out to investigate the characteristics of wind damaged trees in the Hongneung Arboretumin Korea. Many trees in the Hongneung Arboretum were damaged by the ``Kompasu``, the seventh typhoon in the year of 2010 having strong impacts on the central region of Korea. Damaged trees were divided into 3 damage types: windthrow, slanted and broken trees. Most of damaged trees (97.3%) were found at low slope (below 15 degree) or medium slope (15~20 degree). The 45.3% of damaged trees were coniferous and 54.7% were deciduous trees. The wind speed was recorded for the duration of the typhoon from 04:00 AM to 12:00 PM on September 2. The average wind speed and the maximum instantaneous wind speed inside the forest were 1.4 m/ sec and 3.5 m/sec, respectively. The highest peak of the average and the maximum instantaneous wind speed inside of forest, 3.4 m/sec and 8.7 m/sec respectively, were recorded at 06:10 AM on September 2. To analyze relationship between wind characteristics and the damage types, the average wind speed and the frequency of wind wave was compared to those of pre-typhoon period (Feb. 13, Feb. 20, Apr. 21, Oct. 16, 2009 and Mar. 20, 2010). The results indicated that the damaged trees were affected by frequent wind wave rather than the wind speed itself. Also average wind direction inside the forest was analyzed to investigate the impact of wind direction on the damaged trees. The wind had mainly blown from SE and SW, and the maximum instantaneous wind direction was SE direction overall. Most of the damaged trees (84.0%) had fallen down to the NW or NE direction. This result showed that the fallen direction of the damaged trees and wind direction was highly related. Therefore, we found that the frequency of wind wave was the main factor of wind damages during the typhoon ``Kompasu`` and wind direction was highly related to the fallen direction.

원인 불명의 실신 환자의 진단에 있어서 Head - up tilt Test 의 유용성과 혈관미주신경성 실신 환자의 임상적 특징

윤호중(Ho Joong Youn),정욱성(Wook Sung Chung),백상홍(Sang Hong Baek),김철민(Chul Min Kim),박인수(In Soo Park),김재형(Jae Hyung Kim),최규보(Kyu Bo Choi),홍순조(Soon Jo Hong) 대한내과학회 1994 대한내과학회지 Vol.47 No.2

N/A Background: Syncope, defined as a transient loss of consciousness, is a frequently encountered symptom, but despite thorough clinical and invasive diagnostic investigation, the cause of syncope remains unexplained. In recent years, head-up tilt test has been of increasing interest as a diagnostic aids in patients with unexplained syncope. We studied to define the usefulness of various diagnostic test in the evaluation of patients with recurrent syncope, to assess the usefulness of head-up tilt test in the working of syncope of unknown origin and to evaluate the clinical characteristics of subgroups of patients with syncope induced by head-up tilt test. Methods: Between June, 1991 and November, 1992 at St. Mary`s hospital, 21 patients with history of syncope and 24 control subjects without history of syncope underwent 60° head-up tild test for 60 min. Results: 1) The definite cause for recurrent syncope were diagnosed in 10 of patients (47,6%) after clinical and invasive tests. 2) During head-up tilt test, vasovagal responses were provoked in 5 of 21 patients (23.8%) with recurrent syncope and 1 of 24 patients (4.2%) without syncope (p<0,05). 3) The head-up tilt test induced symptomatic bradycardia or hypotension in 3 of 10 patients (30%.) with negative electrophysiologic results. 4) During tilt induced vasovagal response, a) mean heart rate decreased to 42±24 beat/min from supine control of 70±12 beat/min (p<0. 05), b) mean systolic blood pressure decreased to 95±12 mmHg from supine control of 120±S mmHg (p<0,05), c) mean diastolic blood pressure decreased to 60±21mmHg from supine control of 72±13 mmHg (p<0.05), d) the time interval to onset of vasovagal response was 22±12 min. Conclusions: 1) In a large proportion of patients with recurrent syncope, the diagnosis remains unexplained despite a neurologic and cardiologic investigation including an electrophysiologic study. 2) Vasovagal responses are frequent cause in patients with recurrent unexplained syncope. 3) The head-up tilt test may be a simple, safe and highly yielding provocative test in the investigation of syncope of unknown origin.

항암제 심독성

윤호중 ( Ho Joong Youn ) 대한임상종양학회 2009 Korean Journal of Clinical Oncology Vol.5 No.1

Chemotherapy induced cardiotoxicity is a well-known side effect of several cytotoxic drugs, especially of the anthracyclines and may cause severe morbidity in surviving cancer patients. The mechanism of anthracycline induced cardiotoxicity, relatively well established, seems to involve the free radicals formation and the apoptosis of myocytes. Prevention of cardiac toxicity can be achieved by control of the cumulative dose. Furthermore, addition of the iron chelator to anthracycline therapy has shown to be helpful. Other cytotoxic drugs such as the taxoids, 5-fluorouracil, cyclophosphamide and trastuzumab are associated with cardiotoxicity as well, although little is known about the possible mechanisms. The pathophysiology of these adverse effects is similarly heterogeneous and the identification of potential mechanisms is frequently difficult since the majority of cancer patients is not only treated with multiple anti-cancer drugs but might also be exposed to potentially cardiotoxic radiation therapy. Further research is warranted to understand the mechanism of chemotherapy induced cardiotoxicity and to develop strategies to avoid this side effect.

암반사면 변위에 포함된 온도성분의 추출에 관한 연구

윤호중(Ho Joong Youn),복강호(Hiroshi Fukuoka),(Vladimir Greif),옥이길장(Yosbiaki Tamari) 한국산림과학회 2002 한국산림과학회지 Vol.91 No.1

N/A

산림의 토사유출 방지기능에 관한 연구

윤호중 ( Ho Joong Youn ),이창우 ( Chang Woo Lee ),정용호 ( Yong Ho Jeong ) 한국환경복원기술학회 2007 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.10 No.1

숲가꾸기가 산사태 발생에 미치는 영향

윤호중 ( Ho Joong Youn ),우충식 ( Choong Shik Woo ),이창우 ( Chang Woo Lee ) 한국임학회 2011 한국산림과학회지 Vol.100 No.3

숲가꾸기를 하여 산림건강성을 증진시키면 산사태 예방에 효과적이라는 것이 일반적으로 알려진 상식이다. 이를 객관화시키기 위해 GIS를 이용하여 숲가꾸기와 숲가꾸기 하지 않은 지역에서 발생한 산사태 발생개소수를 비교 분석하였다. 대상지는 2006년 7월 15일 인제군에서 태풍 ``빌리스``의 영향으로 발생한 산사태 집중지역이며, 인제 국유림관리소에서 획득한 숲가꾸기 자료를 이용하였다. 숲가꾸기 직후에는 산사태 발생이 일시적으로 증가했다가 점차 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 숲가꾸기를 실시하지 않은 지역은 영급에 따른 산사태 발생변화가 작지만 숲가꾸기를 실시한 지역은 영급이 증가할수록 점차 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. In general, forest tending work contributes to preventing landslides by enhancing forest health. In order to quantify beneficial effects of forest tending, landslide occurrences in forest tending area and those in non-forest tending area were compared and analyzed. The landslide had been hit hard in Inje and Pyeongchang county, Gangwon province, following Typhoon ``Bilis`` on July 15, 2006. Data on forest tending of Pinus koraiensis and Larix kaempferi stands were acquired from the Inje National Forest Station, North regional forest service. The rate of landslide occurrence was increased sharply just after forest tending work and was decreased as time goes by. The analysis also found that the change in landslide frequency was slight by age class in the non-forest tending area, while it decreased as age class increased in the forest tending area.

전나무림(林), 잣나무림(林) 유역(流域)에서 산림(山林)의 수질정화기능(水質淨化機能)에 미치는 산림시업(山林施業) 영향(影響)(III) -임외우(林外雨), 수관통과우(樹冠通過雨), 수간류(樹幹流)의 pH와 전기전도도(電氣傳導度)를 중심(中心)으로-

정용호,박재현,윤호중,김경하,Jeong, Yongho,Park, Jae Hyeon,Youn, Ho Joong,Kim, Kyong Ha 한국산림과학회 2000 한국산림과학회지 Vol.89 No.2

이 연구는 전나무림과 잣나무림에서 산림시업(山林施業)(간벌 및 가지치기)에 따른 산림(山林)의 수질정화기능(水質淨化機能)을 평가(評價)하기 위한 기초자료(基礎資料)를 제공(提供)하기 위하여 실시하였다. 1996년 3월부터 5월까지 산림시업을 실시한 광릉시험림 31, 33임반내 전나무림과 잣나무림 유역에서 1999년 5월 4일부터 1999년 11월 1일까지 강우(降雨), 임내우(林內雨)(수관통과우(樹冠通過雨), 수간류(樹幹流))의 수질동태(水質動態)를 분석(分析)하였다. 산림시업 후 약 3년 8개윌이 경과된 1999년 11월 현재, 전나무림과 잣나무림에서 임목의 평균수고(平均樹高)는 시업구(施業區)가 비시업구(非施業區)보다 모두 약 0.5m 더 높았으며, 평균흉고직경(平均胸高直徑)도 시업구가 비시업구보다 각각 약 3.5, 2.6cm 더 성장하여 전나무림과 잣나무림 모두 시업구가 비시업구보다 좋은 성장상태를 보였다. 전나무림과 잣나무림의 시업구, 비시업구에서 평균pH는 초기수관통과우와 초기수간류가 모두 총수관통과우와 총수간류보다 낮았으며, 평균전기전도도는 초기수관통과우와 초기수간류가 총수관통과우와 총수간류보다 높았다. 이와 같이 시업구와 비시업구의 pH와 전기전도도(電氣傳導度)에 대한 산림시업의 영향은 유의성검정결과(有意性檢定結果) 1% 수준(水準)에서 유의(有意)한 결과를 나타내어 전나무림과 잣나무림에서 산림시업(山林施業)으로 임내우(林內雨)의 완충효과(緩衝效果)가 증대(增大)되는 것으로 분석(分析)되었다. This study aims to clarify the effect of forest management practices(thinning and pruning) on water quality to get the fundamental information on the facility of cleansing water quality after forest operation. Rainfall, throughfall and stemflow were sampled at the study sites which consist of Abies holophylla and Pinus koraiensis in Kwangnung Experimental Forest for 6 months from May 4, to November 1, 1999. Average tree height in the management sites increased by 0.5m more than that in the non-management sites in Abies holophylla and Pinus koraiensis, respectively. Increment of average D.B.H. at the management sites grew 3.5cm and 2.6cm more in Abies holophylla and Pinus koraiensis compared with that at non-management sites. Average pH of the total amount for the event in throughfall and stemflow was higher than that of throughfall and stemflow of the beginning of the event at the management and non-management sites. Average electrical conductivity of throughfall and stemflow at the beginning of the event was higher than that of the total amount for the event at management and non-management sites. Water qualities of throughfall and stemflow were buffered more by the management practice in both. The forest management may affect purification of water quality of throughfall and stemflow in Abies holophylla and Pinus koraiensis.

실험적 답압처리에 (踏壓處理) 의한 임상환경변화 (林床環境變化) (Ⅰ)

우보명,오구균,윤호중 ( Bo Myeong Woo,Koo Kyoon Oh,Ho Joong Youn ) 한국산림과학회 1988 한국산림과학회지 Vol.77 No.1

This study was conducted to examine the effects of trampling intensity and frequency on the change of forest bed soil and vegetation by experimental trampling. 23 experimental lanes(0.3 × 5.0m) were established at non-trampled Quercus acutissima stand in Suweon, Gyunggi-Do, Korea. And soil compaction and ground vegetation were examined during and after 4 weeks trampling. Increasing in trampling intensity resulted in decreasing increment rate of soil compaction and after 400 passes of trampling, soil hardness showed 11.32㎏·㎝^(-2), (23.8㎜) which affected root growth badly. At the same trampling intensity, soil compaction was high where trampling was spread over a longer period of time. The difference of soil compaction by trampling frequency was not significant below 200 passes, but 16X(every other day trampling) type resulted in the highest soil compaction over 400 passes of trampling intensity. The relative coverage of vegetation was more severely decreased than the relative density by trampling, 16X type of Trampling frequency resulted in most servere vegetational change and difference among trampling frequencies showed significance in case of 200 passes, contrasting to soil compaction.

항공 라이다 자료를 이용한 토석류 발생지역의 지형복원기법 개발

우충식 ( Choong Shik Woo ),윤호중 ( Ho Joong Youn ),이창우 ( Chang Woo Lee ),이규성 ( Kyu Sung Lee ) 한국지리정보학회 2011 한국지리정보학회지 Vol.14 No.3

항공 LiDAR 측량으로 토석류 발생 전·후의 지형자료를 취득하는 경우 토석류로 인하여 유출 된 토사량을 알 수 있다. 그러나 토석류 발생지를 미리 예측하여 촬영하기가 힘들고, 토석류 발생지역의 과거 항공 LiDAR 자료는 존재가능성이 낮아 토석류 발생이전 지형자료를 이용하는 것은 어렵다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 토석류 발생지역의 토사량 추정을 위해 발생전 지형을 복원하고, 토사유출의 공간적 범위를 파악할 수 있는 지형복원기법을 개발하였다. 지형복원기법은 토석류 발생지역에서 추출한 선형 및 비선형 횡단면을 가우시안혼합모델로 수식화하고 중심점 추정방법과 근사정확도로 근사결과를 평가하여 토석류 발생이전의 지형을 복원한다. 지형복원기법은 토석류 발생 전·후의 항공 LiDAR 자료를 이용하여 두 가지 방법으로 검증하였다. 먼저 토석류 발생구간에서 추출한 각 횡단면을 지형복원하여 발생전 항공 LiDAR 자료와 비교하였다. 또한 토석류 발생지역에 지형복원기법을 적용한 뒤 지형자료를 제작하여 토석류 발생전 항공 LiDAR DEM과 비교하여 검증하였다. 지형복원기법의 검증한 결과 전반적으로 근사정확도가 0.5m에 가까운 높은 정확도를 나타냈다. The flowed soil is able to be estimated from topographic data of before and after the debris flow. However, it is often difficult to obtain airborne LiDAR data before the debris flow area. Thus, this study tries to develop a topographic restoration method that can provide spatial distribution of flowed soil and reconstruct the topography before the debris flow using airborne LiDAR data. The topographic restoration method can express a numerical formula induced from a Gaussian mixture model after extracting the cross sections of linear or non-linear in debris flowed area. The topographic restoration method was verified by two ways using airborne LiDAR data of before and after the debris flow. First, each cross section extracted from the debris flow sites to restore the topography was compared with airborne LiDAR data of before the debris flow. Also, the topographic data produced after the topographic restoration method applied to the debris flow sites was verified by airborne LiDAR DEM. Verifying the results of the topographic restoration method, overall fitting accuracy showed high accuracy close to 0.5m.

수량화Ⅱ 분석을 이용한 사방지 유지/해제 기준인자 선정

서준표 ( Jun Pyo Seo ),윤호중 ( Ho Joong Youn ),이창우 ( Chang Woo Lee ),우충식 ( Choong Shik Woo ),최두영 ( Doo Young Choi ),정선환 ( Seon Hwan Jeong ),권현정 ( Hyun Jung Kwon ),김경하 ( Kyong Ha Kim ),곽주린 ( Joo Rhin Kwak ) 한국임학회 2014 산림과학 공동학술대회 논문집 Vol.2014 No.-

본 연구는 사방지의 유지 또는 해제를 판단하기 위한 판정기준표의 인자를 선정하기 위하여 수행되었다. 연구에는 사방협회에서 실시하고 있는 사방시설 점검보고서의 최근 3개년 자료(1,387개소)를 이용하였다. 수량화Ⅱ 분석결과, 각 인자별 독립성 및 상관관계를 고려하여 최종적으로 판별적 중률이 가장 높게 나타나는 6개의 인자와 점수는 사방공작물 상태(1.5646)>초류의 피복상태(0.6971)>침식발생 여부(0.5405)>하부계류상태(0.4051)>식재목 생육상태(0.1139)>기타녹화시설 상태(0.0211) 순으로 나타났다. 사방지의 현재 상태를 유지군과 해제군으로 나누었을때 판별적중점은 0.0644로 나타났고, 이를 이용하여 유지군과 해제군의 실측치와 추정치로 재분류한 결과 오분류율은 유지군 10%, 해제군 3%의 오분류율로 나타나 전체 판별적중률 96.8%, 상관비 0.61로 나타났다. 이는 일반적 수량화Ⅱ류의 적중률 판단기준인 판별적중률 75%, 상관비 0.5보다 높은 적중률로 나타났다. 본 연구결과 효과적인 사방지의 유지 또는 해제 기준마련의 기초자료를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. This study was carried out to select the criterion factors for keeping or removing the erosion control district. We use the inspection reports of erosion control works during the last 3 years provided by sabang association. On the results of quantification Ⅱ analysis, the factors and scores showed the following order considering with the corelation and independence of each factor: the state of erosion control structures(1.5646) > the state of coverage(0.6971) > whether the erosion occur or not(0.5405) > the state of downstream(0.4051) > the state of growth of planted tree(0.1139) > the state of extra greening facilities(0.0211). The criterion score showed 0.0644 to decide whether the state of the erosion control district is keeping or removing. As the result of reclassification with two groups by using this score, the misclassification rate showed that keeping group was 10%, removing group was 3%. And overall hitting rate showed 96.8% and correlation ratio showed 0.61. This values are relatively high than the traditional standard that hitting rate is 75% and corelation ration is 0.5. This results of this research is useful to judge on keeping or removing erosion control district.