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수정된 유사체액 내에서 티타늄에 생성된 아파타이트의 고분해능 전자현미경에 의한 분석
김현욱,김우정,이갑호,홍순익,Kim, Hyun-Ook,Kim, Woo-Jeong,Lee, Kap-Ho,Hon, Sun-Ig 한국재료학회 2007 한국재료학회지 Vol.17 No.8
Process of the hydroxyapapite(HA) precipitation on bioactive titanium metal prepared by NaOH in a modified-simulated body fluid(mSBF) was investigated by high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) attached with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer(EDX). The amorphous titanate phase on titanium surface is form by NaOH treatment and an amorphous titanate incorporated calcium and phosphate ions in the liquid to form an amorphous calcium phosphate. With increasing of soaking time in the liquid, the HA particles are observed in amorphous calcium phosphate phase with a Ca/P atomic ratio of I.30. The octacalcium phosphate (OCP) structure is not detected in HRTEM image and electron diffraction pattern. After a long soaking time, the HA particles grow as needle-like shape on titanium surface and a large particle-like aggregates of needle-like substance were observed to form on titanium surface within needle-like shape. A long axis of needle parallels to c-direction of the hexagonal HA structure.
이단 병합 소화조에서 발생하는 악취유발 화합물에 관한 연구
김현욱 ( Hyun Ook Kim ),이인규 ( In Gyu Lee ),권순국 ( Soon Kuk Kwon ) 한국환경분석학회 2010 환경분석과 독성보건 Vol.13 No.1
In this study, odorous gases from acid-generating reactor and methane-generating reactor of a bench-scale two-phase anaerobic co-digester system for food waste and swine slurry were analyzed, and contribution of each gas to overall odor sensation was evaluated by calculating the odor index. For the feed, sulfur compounds including dimethyldisulfide and propyl mercaptan were found major contributors. On the other hand, indol, skatol, and cresol were found major odor-causing compounds for digested material. Since these three compounds have extremely low odor thresholds, the overall odor index for the effluent of the digesting system was higher than that of the influent, indicating digested material could be more odorous.
고상 미세 추출법을 이용한 가스시료 중 휘발성유기화합물의 정량 분석
김재혁(Jae Hyuck Kim),김현욱(Hyun Ook Kim) 大韓環境工學會 2013 대한환경공학회지 Vol.35 No.12
본 연구에서는 고상 미세추출법(HS-SPME)을 적용하여 대기환경시료 중 VOCs 분석을 위한 응용성을 평가하고자 하였 다. 광범위한 VOCs 검출을 위한 최적 HS-SPME 분석 조건(CAR/PDMS fiber, 30분 시료노출, 도출된 분석조건)에서 VOCs의 검출 한계 농도는 저분자량 화합물인 경우 1~3 ppbv 내외였고, BTEXs 계열 화합물들의 경우에는 0.0005 ppbv 이하의 매우 낮 은 농도까지 검출 가능하였다. 다만 fiber들 간의 흡착효율 재현성 평가결과, 동일 fiber에 대하여 1~9.2% (n = 3), 서로 다른 fiber들에 대하여서는 5.9~13.5% (n = 5)의 오차를 보였다. 도출된 분석조건을 이용하여 매립지 가스 중 BTEX를 포함한 35여 종의 VOCs를 성공적으로 정량분석하였다. The purpose of this study is to quantify volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in gas sample using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled to GC analysis. The optimal HS-SPME conditions was CAR/PDMS fiber and 30 min absorprion time for the analysis of various VOCs. In optimal conditions, 80 VOCs could be detected within 1 ppbv and even less than 0.0005 ppbv especially in the case of BTEX. However, fiber reproducibility on adsorption efficiency was 1~9.2% (between the same fiber) and 5.9~13.5% (between the other fiber). We successfully determined 35 VOCs in landfill gas with this method and found that VOCs of high concentration are emitting from vent pipe of closed/open landfill site under the HS-SPME conditions. This method may apply to VOCs/odor determination from various atmospheric environmental samples as well as landfills.
폐수처리장의 배출수 특성에 따른 COD(Mn) 자동측정기기 분석 평가
변주대 ( Ju Dae Byun ),김태동 ( Tae Dong Kim ),최익원 ( Ik Won Choi ),황유식 ( Yu Sik Hwang ),김현욱 ( Hyun Ook Kim ) 한국환경분석학회 2010 환경분석과 독성보건 Vol.13 No.4
From year 2008, the Korean Government has been continuously monitoring water quality of effluent from mid to large wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) with on-line analyzers at the discharging point of each plant. The water quality parameters under surveillance include pH, SS, COD or BOD, TN, and TP. For determining COD of wastewater, automated analyzers based on different chemical oxidants are being applied. Among them, the most frequently applied oxidants are permanganate and photo-oxidant. In fact, since wastewater COD can be determined with analyzers based on using different oxidants, sometimes results can be reported according to the wastewater characteristics; it is because they have different oxidation powers. In this study, on-line COD analyzers were applied to continuously monitor the water quality of effluent from three different industrial WWTPs to investigate their analytical characteristics. The WWTPs where the analyzers were installed are for livestock wastewater, for petroleum wastewater, and for electronic wastewater. In general, the analyzers produced relatively large errors according to wastewater characteristics. Therefore, it was concluded that it should be very cautious to select an COD analyzer for monitoring effluent water quality of a WWTP.