열처리 온도에 따른 Li 도펀트 ZnO 박막형 공진기의 주파수 특성

김응권,김용성,Kim, Eung-Kwon,Kim, Young-Sung 한국세라믹학회 2006 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.43 No.9

In order to study the influence of post-annealing treatment on the frequency characteristics of the Li doped ZnO(Li:ZnO) FBAR(Film Bulk Acoustic Resonator) device, we investigated the material and electrical properties of Li:ZnO films in the annealing temperature range from 300 to $500^{\circ}C$. In our samples, as annealing temperature was increased, Li:ZnO films showed the improvement of high c-axis orientation and resistance value with relieved stress and low surface roughness. In addition to, the return loss in the frequency property of fabricated FBAR was improved by annealing treatment from 24.9 to 29.8dB. From experimental results, the optimum post-annealing temperature for FBAR is $500^{\circ}C$ and it can obtain excellent Li:ZnO FBAR performance with stronger c-axis orientation, smoother surface, relieved stress, and lower loss factor.

H 시 초등학교 학동의 제 1대구치 치아우식 실태조사 연구

김응권 ( Eung Kwon Kim ),임순환 ( Soon Hwan Lim ) 한국치위생과학회 2002 치위생과학회지 Vol.2 No.2

치위생 교육과정 개발을 위한 치과위생사의 직무현황 및 교육요구도 분석

김응권 ( Eung Gwon Kim ),임순환 ( Soon Hwan Lim ),권미영 ( Mi Young Kwon ),최영윤 ( Young Yuhn Choi ),한지형 ( Ji Hyoung Han ) 한국치위생과학회 2014 치위생과학회지 Vol.14 No.1

본 연구는 치과병ㆍ의원에 근무하는 치과의료 종사자 144명을 대상으로 치과위생사 업무의 수행빈도와 중요도 및 교육의 필요성을 알아봄으로써 치위생 교육과정을 개발하는 데 참고자료가 되고자 실시하였다. 분석은 PASW Statistics 18.0을 이용하였으며, 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 응답자가 생각하는 직무별 수행빈도와 업무의 중요도, 교육의 필요성 정도를 알아본 결과 수행빈도는 경영관리지원이 4.14, 예방치과처치는 3.51, 치과진료협조는 3.41, 구강보건 교육은 3.28 순을 보였다. 업무의 중요 정도 및 교육의 필요성은 경영관리지원, 치과진료협조, 예방치과처치, 구강보건 교육 순이었다. 일반적 특성에 따른 직무별 수행빈도를 살펴본 결과 변수 간 유의미한 차이가 없었다. 일반적 특성에 따른 직무별 업무의 중요도를 살펴본 결과 구강보건교육은 연령에 따라 40대(p<0.05)가, 치과진료협조는 직종에 따라 치과위생사(p<0.05)가, 경영관리지원은 여자(p< 0.05)와 치과위생사(p<0.05)가, 또한 경력이 많을수록 중요하다고하였다(p<0.05). 일반적 특성에 따른 직무별 교육의 필요성을 예방치과처치는 성별에 따라 여자(p=0.014)가, 치과진료협조는 여자(p<0.001)와, 치과위생사(p<0.001)가, 경영관리지원은 지역에 따라 서울(p<0.05)이 가장 높았다. 수행빈도와 업무의 중요도, 교육의 필요성의 관련성을 알아본 결과 업무의 중요도와 교육의 필요성이 가장 높은 관련성을 보였다. 이상의 결과 현재 임상에서는 치과위생사의 업무영역 중 경영관리지원과 치과진료협조를 중요하게 생각하고 있으며, 직무역량을 기대하고 있다. 따라서 치위생 교육과정 개발 시 경영관리 및 진료협조에 대한 업무의 과목을 적절히 안배하고 임상에서 요구하는 치과위생사가 될 수 있도록 직무능력을 표준화시켜야 할 것이다. In this study we analysed frequency and importance of tasks, and education needs of 114 people working in dental clinics to be a reference of dental hygiene curriculum development. The results are as follow: The order of performance frequency is management support, preventive dental treatment, dental treatment assistance and oral health education, and the order of importance level of tasks and education needs is management support, dental treatment assistance, preventive dental treatment and oral health education. There is no statistically significant difference of performance frequency by general characteristics. The tasks considered most important level depending on general characteristics are oral health education in age of 40s (p<0.05), dental treatment assistance in dental hygienists (p<0.05), management support in women (p<0.05), dental hygienists (p<0.05), and more experienced workers (p<0.05). The most need for Educations depending on general characteristics are oral health education in women (p< 0.05), dental treatment assistance in women (p<0.001) and dental hygienists (p<0.001), and management support in Seoul region (p<0.05). The importance of tasks and education needs have correlations. The results showed management support and dental treatment assistance are considered important in dental clinics and most needed job competency for dental hygienists.

저온공정을 이용한 AlN 박막의 우선배향성과 모폴로지에 관한 연구

오수영,김응권,이태용,강현일,유현규,송준태,Oh, Su-Young,Kim, Eung-Kwon,Lee, Tae-Yong,Kang, Hyun-Il,Yu, Hyun-Kyu,Song, Joon-Tae 한국전기전자재료학회 2008 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.21 No.5

In this paper, we investigated the (002) preferred orientation and morphology characteristics of AlN thin film by using reactive rf sputtering. Additionally, AlN thin films grown in the range from 150 to 300 W were studied under room temperature without substrate heating and post annealing. Sputtered AlN thin films were well grown on Si substrates and the (002) main peak in XRD patterns showed the highest intensity at 300 W with $0.25^{\circ}$ degree of full width at half-maximum (FWHM). As increased RF power, the surface roughness was increased from 1.0 to 3.4 nm. In Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), $A_1$ (TO) and $E_1$ (TO) mode closed to AlN thin film confirmed the changes with increasing the intensity rate. From these results, we could confirm a chance of the growth of AlN thin film by only low temperature.

Al Doped ZnO 박막의 열처리에 따른 태양전지용 투명전도막 특성

김봉석,김응권,김용성,Kim, Bong-Seok,Kim, Eung-Kwon,Kim, Young-Sung 한국세라믹학회 2006 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.43 No.9

The annealing temperature effect of transparent conducting oxide film grown on glass substrate for solar cell application was studied in this paper. Using pulsed DC magnetron sputtering with 1 at% Al-doped ZnO target, TCO films were deposited on coming 7059 glass at room temperature. Al:ZnO thin films were annealed at 200, 400, Al $600^{\circ}C$ for 10 min and annealing resulted in lower biaxial compressive stress of about 1GPa and increased average crystallite size in all films. The as-grown film shows the resistivity of $1{\times}10^{-2}{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$ and transmittance under 80%, whereas the electrical and optical properties of film annealed at $400^{\circ}C$ are enhanced up to $5{\times}10^{-4}{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$ and 85%, respectively.

Ga doped ZnO 박막의 열처리 조건에 따른 구조 및 전기적 특성에 관한 연구

오수영,김응권,이태용,강현일,김봉석,송준태,Oh, Su-Young,Kim, Eung-Kwon,Lee, Tae-Yong,Kang, Hyun-Il,Kim, Bong-Seok,Song, Joon-Tae 한국전기전자재료학회 2007 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.20 No.9

In this study we present the effect of annealing temperatures on the structural, electrical and optical characteristics of Ga-doped ZnO (GZO) films. GZO target is deposited on coming 7059 glass substrates by DC sputtering. and then GZO films are annealed at temperatures of 400, 500, $600^{\circ}C$ in air ambient for 20 min. in this case of as-grown film, it shows the resistivity of $6{\times}10^{-1}{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$ and transmittance under 85%, whereas the electrical and optical properties of film annealed at $500^{\circ}C$ are enhanced up to $1.9{\times}10^{-3}{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$ and 90%, respectively.

식물플랑크톤 일차생산력의 새로운 시간 적분 알고리즘

박종규,김응권,Park, Jong-Gyu,Kim, Eung-Kwon 한국해양학회 2010 바다 Vol.15 No.3

해양 식물플랑크톤 일차생산력의 전 지구적 중요성에도 불구하고 자료 처리상의 어려움 때문에 국내에서는 신뢰할만한 자료가 많지 않다. 식물플랑크톤 일차생산력은 시간-수심 적분 과정을 거쳐 최종적으로 단위 면적당 하루 일차생산력을 구하지만, 시간 적분에 대한 연구결과는 많지 않은 편이다. 본 연구에서는 단위 시간당 일차생산력을 시간 적분하여 하루 일차생산력을 계산하는 수학적 모델을 제시하고 새만금호를 대상으로 모델의 실효성을 검정해 보았다. 검정 결과, 시간 적분 모델이 일사량 실측치를 대입하여 합산한 결과와 잘 일치하였다. 일차생산력 계산을 위한 기초 광량 자료는 변화가 심한 일 자료보다 한 달 또는 한 주간 평균 자료를 대입하는 것이 더 신뢰성 있는 결과에 도움이 되는 것으로 판단되었다. 일차생산력 수직적분은 수직적으로 불균일한 식물플랑크톤 분포 때문에 어려움이 있으나, 엽록소 분포를 몇 가지 유형으로 분류하여 수식화한 다음, 각 수식을 시간 적분한 일차생산력 모델과 합성하여 적분하면 해결할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. In spite of the global importance of primary production of phytoplankton, some primary production data in Korean coastal waters still need to be better processed. The daily rates of water column primary production is generally estimated by integrating the primary production per unit volume over time and depth, but efforts for time integration algorithm have been conducted insufficiently. In this study a mathematical equation evaluating daily primary production integrated over time of a day is proposed and the effectiveness of the model is tested on Saemangeum Lake. The daily primary productions computed with the proposed equation were nearly the same with the results numerically integrated by substituting solar irradiance data. It was suggested that better estimation of primary production would be obtained by using monthly or weekly means of solar irradiance rather than more variable daily data. Because of the vertically heterogenous distribution of phytoplankton, it's hard to integrate the equation over depth to give the daily rates of primary production per unit area of water surface. However, the problem would be solved if, after the vertical distribution of phytoplankton was classified into several patterns and reduced to mathematical formula, every composite function of time integrated equation and chlorophyll distribution equation was integrated successfully.

Li₂CO₃:ZnO를 이용하여 제조한 FBAR의 제작 및 열처리에 따른 구조적, 전기적 특성

김봉석,김응권,이태용,오수영,송준태,Kim, Bong-Seok,Kim, Eung-Kwon,Lee, Tae-Yong,Oh, Su-Young,Song, Joon-Tae 한국전기전자재료학회 2007 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.20 No.2

In this study, we fabricated FBAR(film bulk acoustic resonator) by using $Li_{2}CO_{3}:ZnO$ as a function of annealing temperature and concentrated on effect of frequency characteristic of FBAR. The results show that the annealing affects resistivity and crystallity. The optimum properties were observed for film annealed at $500^{\circ}C$. The resistivity was $1.5{\times}10^{11}\;{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$ and the roughness was 21.10 nm. And the return loss is improved from -24.9 at $300^{\circ}C$ to -29.8 at $500^{\circ}C$ without the resonant frequency change. We finally confirmed the improvement on the frequency characteristics of FBAR device by annealing process at the optimized condition.

통영 연안의 잠재독성 Pseudo-nitzschia 출현종

박종규,김응권,임월애,Park, Jong-Gyu,Kim, Eung-Kwon,Lim, Weol-Ae 한국해양학회 2009 바다 Vol.14 No.3

Pseudo-nitzschia 속의 일부 종은 신경독 domoic acid(DA)를 생산하여 기억상실성 패독을 일으킨다. 이들의 잠재적인 독성 피해에도 불구하고 국내에서는 아직 출현종의 조성과 그 출현 시기가 명확하지 않다. 본 연구에서는 통영 연안해역에 출현하는 Pseudo-nitzschia 속의 종조성과 출현 시기를 알아보기 위하여 2008년 5월부터 11월까지 격주 간격으로 시료를 채집하여 광학현미경과 전자현미경으로 관찰하였다. 조사기간 동안 출현한 종은 P. americana, P. brasiliana, P. caciantha, P. calliantha, P. cuspidata, P. delicatissima, P. micropora, P. multiseries, P. multistriata, P. pseudodelicatissima, P. pungens, P. subfraudulenta, P. subpacifica로 모두 13종이었다. 월별 출현종은 5월에 4종으로 가장 적었고, 그 이후 조금씩 증가하여 9월에 12종으로 최고에 이르렀으며, 9월 이후로 다시 감소하여 11월에는 5종만 출현하였다. 출현종 중 6종, P. americana, P. brasiliana, P. caciantha, P. calliantha, P. micropora, P. pseudodelicatissima는 5종만 출현하였다. 출현종 중 6종, P. americana, P. brasiliana, P. caciantha, P. calliantha, P. micropora, P. pseudodelicatissima는 국내 연안에서 처음 보고하는 종이며, P. calliantha, P. cuspidata, P. delicatissima, P. multiseries, P. multistriata, P. pungens 6종은 문헌상 DA를 생산하는 것으로 알려진 잠재 독성종이다. 통영 연안에서 이들의 독성 여부는 확인 하지 못하였다. Several species of the genus Pseudo-nitzschia produce the neurotoxin domoic acid (DA) known to be responsible for amnesic shellfish poisoning. In spite of the potentially toxic effects on marine ecosystem, even the representative Pseudo-nitzschia species occurring in Korean coastal waters have not been clearly reported. Plankton samples from several outer coastal sites of Tongyeong were collected fortnightly from May to November 2008 and the presence of diatoms of the genus Pseudo-nitzschia was examined using light and scanning electron microscopy. Thirteen species were observed, including P. americana, P. brasiliana, P. caciantha, P. calliantha, P. cuspidata, P. delicatissima, P. micropora, P. multiseries, P. multistriata, P. pseudodelicatissima, P. pungens, P. subfraudulenta, and P. subpacifica. The number of Pseudo-nitzschia species observed were only four in May, which was minimum during this survey, and then gradually increased attaining maximum, twelve, in September. After September it began to decrease again and got to five in November. Of these, P. americana, P. brasiliana, P. caciantha, P. calliantha, P. micropora, and P, pseudodelicatissima are new records for the Korean coastal waters and P. calliantha, P. cuspidata, P. delicatissima, P multiseries, P. multistriata, and P. pungens have been reported as DA producers around the world, but the potential toxicity of these species was not ascertained in Tongyeong area.

RF 마그네트론 스퍼터링법으로 증착한 ZnO 박막의 증착온도에 따른 구조 및 전기적 특성

오수영,김응권,이태용,강현일,이종환,송준태,Oh, Su-Young,Kim, Eung-Kwon,Lee, Tae-Yong,Kang, Hyun-Il,Lee, Jong-Hwan,Song, Joon-Tae 한국전기전자재료학회 2007 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.20 No.11

In this study we investigated the variation of the substrate temperatures using RF sputtering to identify the effect on the structure and electrical properties by c-axis orientation of ZnO thin film. ZnO thin films were prepared on Al/Si substrate. In our experimental results, ZnO thin film at $300^{\circ}C$ was well grown with (002) peak of ZnO thin film, the thin film showed the high resistivity with the value of $5.9{\times}10^7\;{\Omega}cm$ and the roughness with 27.06 nm. As increased the substrate temperatures, the grain size of ZnO thin films was increased. From these results, we could confirm the suitable substrate temperature of ZnO thin films for FBAR(film bulk acoustic resonator).