SIMILARITY OF THE MEASURED NIC OF A BIORID II DUMMY IN CAR-TO-CAR REAR END IMPACT AND SLED EXPERIMENTS

Yasuhiro Matsui,Masami Kubota,Shoko Oikawa 한국자동차공학회 2018 International journal of automotive technology Vol.19 No.1

The Japan New Car Assessment Program (J-NCAP) evaluates the performance of cars in terms of protection against whiplash injuries in rear-end collisions. In the test protocol, a simplified triangular acceleration is applied to the sled. This study clarifies whether biofidelic rear-impact dummy II (BioRID II) measurements obtained for simplified triangular acceleration reflect car-to-car rear-end impacts in real-world accidents in Japan. We conducted a car-to-car rear-end impact experiment and a simplified-triangular-acceleration sled test. Our results indicate that the time series of dummy responses were approximately consistent in the two test conditions. The neck injury criterion (NIC) and maximum acceleration of the head and T1 measured using the BioRID II dummy were similar in the car-to-car and sled experiments. This revealed that the J-NCAP test protocol using simplified triangular acceleration reflects the car-to-car rear-end impact experiment using Japanese cars, in terms of the NIC and maximum acceleration of the head and T1.

Vibration Analysis of Moving Agricultural Machines using Road Surface Criteria

( Yuya Aoyagi ),( Masami Matsui ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.1

Mitigating the negative impact of road surface roughness on the vibration of moving agricultural machines is important to ensure safe and comfortable farming. Herein, we developed a dynamical simulator for a tractor and rice transplanter. Using this simulator, the sensation of acceleration of the human body, when travelling on the road surface generated based on the ISO8608 road surface evaluation criteria, was calculated. The influence of the road surface frequency and surface roughness on the operator was considered by changing the maximum road surface frequency in the range of 3-10 c/m. Consequently, when evaluating the road surface roughness, it is suggested to consider frequencies of up to approximately 10 c/m owing to the influence of the frequency on the operator and the contact length of the wheels and road. Furthermore, the implementation of an appropriate anti-vibration mechanism is important because it is necessary to use the machines for a longer time during the agricultural season.

Investigation of Terrain Slope Information and Tractor Driving Simulation on Reconstructed Ground

( Soyoung Shin ),( Eiji Inoue ),( Muneshi Mitsuoka ),( Takashi Okaysu ),( Yasmaru Hirai ),( Masami Matsui ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.1

Despite the efforts of many researchers to improve the safety of agricultural machinery, fatalities have been caused by agricultural machinery annually. In Japan, about 50% of casualties caused by agricultural machinery are occurred by tractor rollover. In particular, the rollover of agricultural machinery causes major fatalities on the farm road. Agricultural machinery is easily rollover due to its high center of gravity when compared to other vehicles. In addition, when the implements are attached, the center of gravity moves according to the position of the implements, thereby exposing it to a greater risk of rollover. ROPS has been developed in an effort to reduce fatalities caused by tractor rollover accidents. The ROPS keeps the operator's space in case the tractor is overturned, preventing the operator from laying down from the tractor. Since 1997, ROPS has been mandatory for all riding tractors in Japan. Despite these efforts, however, there are fatalities caused by tractor rollover, and safety devices such as ROPS and seatbelts can not prevent fundamental accidents. In this study, we reconstruct the terrain images in front of the tractor using the stereo camera and analyze the slope of the reconstructed ground to predict the rollover accident of the tractor sensitive to the slope. The high center of gravity provides an opportunity to rollover in response to unexpected obstacles or steep slope. A stereo camera was used to record the frontal ground, and the obtained images were processed into a three-dimensional space through image processing in Matlab. The slope of the road surface on which the tractor is to be driven was identified, and the tractor maneuvering was identified through simulation of the motion model.

김치 熟成中 N - Nitrosamine의 生成要因에 관한 硏究

김수현(Soo-Hyun Kim),이응호(Eung-Ho Lee),河端俊治(Toshiharu Kawabata),石橋亨(Tohru Ishibashi),遠藤隆和(Tsugao Endo),松居正己(Masami Matsui) 한국식품영양과학회 1984 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.13 No.3

김치 熟成中에 NDMA, NDEA 및 NPYR 등 N-nitrosamine의 生成如否를 밝히고자 그 生成要因物質인 窒酸鹽과 亞窒酸鹽 및 amine類의 변화를 實驗考察하였다. 試料用 김치는 배추, 고추가루, 마늘, 생강만을 넣어서 만든 對照試料와 여기에 멸치젓과 새우젓을 넣은 것 모두 3個群으로 만들고, 5℃에서 75일간 熟成시키면서 15일 주기로 N-nitrosamine과 TMAO, TMA, DMA, 窒酸鹽, 亞窒酸鹽 및 ascorbic acid의 함량변화를 분석하였다. TMAO, TMA, DMA, 窒酸鹽, 亞窒酸鹽 및 ascorbic acid는 比色定量法에 의하였고, NDMA, NDEA와 NPYR은 GLC-TEA에 의하여 定量하였다.<br/> 멸치젓과 새우젓을 첨가한 김치의 熟成中에 總2級 amine은 현저하게 증가하였는데도 불구하고, 第3級 amine인 TMAO와 TMA는 거의 변화가 없었다. 그리고 이때 第2級 amine은 주로 DMA였음을 吸光曲線과 GLC-FTD에 의하여 확인하였다. 한편, 김치 熟成中에 窒酸鹽의 함량은 크게 감소하였음에도 불구하고 亞窒酸鹽은 증가하지 않았으며, N-nitrosamine의 生成量은 檢出限界미만이든가 흔적정도의 양이었다. 멸치젓과 새우젓을 첨가한 김치 熟成中에 DMA는 상당히 많은량이 함유되어 있으나 NDMA가 生成되지 않은 것은 NO₂-이 남아있지 않기 때문이라고 확신할 수 있었다. 그러나 김치 熟成中에 NO₂-가 生成되지 않은 것은 아니고, NO₃-에서 NO₂-가 生成되는대로 ascorbic acid나 아미노산과 같은 nitrosamine生成 沮害劑들에 의해 소비되어 버리는 것이라고 볼 수 있었다. The possibility of formation of carcinogenic N-nitrosamines such as nitrosodimethylamine(NDMA), nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) and nitrosopyrolidine (NPYR) during the fermentation of Kimchi was investigated. Three different types of Kimchi, formulated with chinese cabbage, red pepper powder and garlic, with or without one of both fermented shrimp and anchovy juice, were cured for 75 days at 5℃. The changes in contents of nitrates, nitrites, pH, ascorbic acid, secondary amines, trimethylaminoxide (TMAO), trimethylamine (TMA) and NDMA were analyzed periodically during the fermentation. TMAO, TMA. DMA, nitrate, nitrite and ascorbic acid were analyzed by colorimetric methods, and NDMA, NPYR and NDEA were determined by the method of GLC-TEA. Although the total secondary amines markedly increased, no significant changes in the levels of TMAO and TMA were observed during the fermentation Kimchi added with fermented shrimp or anchovy juice. The predominating component of secondary amines was confirmed to be dimethylamine by means of nitrosating technique coupled with gas chromatography. No appreciable increase in the level of nitrites was appeared although nitrate level in the Kimchi apparently decreased. Non detectable or trace level of nitrosamine formation was detected whereas the nitrates fairly decreased during the fermentation of Kimchi. This could be explained by the fact that the lack of nitrites was resulted in the system due to rapid consumption of nitrites formed from nitrates by the reactions with ascorbic acid and amino acids which have been known as inhibitors of nitrosation reaction.

Mucosal and Submucosal Thickening of Esophageal Wall Is a Promising Factor in the Development of Symptoms in Eosinophilic Esophagitis

Suzuki Yugo,Ochiai Yorinari,Hosoi Atsuko,Okamura Takayuki,Hayasaka Junnosuke,Mitsunaga Yutaka,Tanaka Masami,Odagiri Hiroyuki,Nomura Kosuke,Yamashita Satoshi,Matsui Akira,Kikuchi Daisuke,Ohashi Kenichi 거트앤리버 소화기연관학회협의회 2024 Gut and Liver Vol.18 No.1

Background/Aims: Asymptomatic esophageal eosinophilia (aEE) is considered to be a potential precursor of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). However, there are few clinical parameters that can be used to evaluate the disease. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the factors involved in the symptoms of EoE by examining the clinicopathological differences between aEE and EoE. Methods: We reviewed 41 patients with esophageal eosinophilia who underwent endoscopic ultrasonography and high-resolution manometry. They were divided into the aEE group (n=16) and the EoE group (n=25) using the Frequency Scale for the Symptoms of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease score. The patients’ clinicopathological findings were collected and examined. Results: The median Frequency Scale for the Symptoms of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease score was 3.0 in the aEE group and 10.0 in the EoE group. There was no significant difference in patient characteristics, endoscopic findings and pathological findings. The cutoff value for wall thickening was 3.13 mm for the total esophageal wall thickness and 2.30 mm for the thickness from the surface to the muscular layer (total esophageal wall thickness: 84.0% sensitivity, 75.0% specificity; thickness from the surface to the muscular layer: 84.0% sensitivity, 68.7% specificity). The high-resolution manometry study was abnormal in seven patients (43.8%) in the aEE group and in 12 (48.0%) in the EoE group. The contractile front velocity was slower in the EoE group (p=0.026). Conclusions: The esophageal wall thickening in the lower portion of the esophagus is an important clinical factors related to the symptoms in patients with EoE.