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Material Flow Analysis of End-of-Life Vehicles in Korea
( Sora Yi ),( Hisun Lee ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2019 ISSE 초록집 Vol.2019 No.-
The increase in the number of end-of-life vehicles (ELVs) has led to environmental problems from the ELV dismantling and recycling process such as improperly discarded wastes and wastewater discharge into nearby rivers. In this study, a waste resource flow analysis was conducted to identify the recoverable valuable resources and environmentally-detrimental residues in the ELV recycling process. The waste resource flow analysis looks at the lifespan of a product after it is discarded. In this study, the lifespan of ELVs was divided into five stages: discarding-collection/disposal-pretreatment-resource recovery-sale/export. Understanding the flow of the product after disposal, as opposed to the flow of each material, can be vital to the improvement of resource circulation, and thus, this study analyzed the flow of recoverable resources and the treatment of residues after each stage of resource recovery. The analysis showed that the recycling rate of ELVs was 88.7%. The residues remaining at the final stage of ELV recycling was the loss of the heat energy produced from formal sectors and final sludge, while losses in liquid waste, airbags, waste refrigerants due to destruction or releasement into the atmosphere during the recycling process were also found to occur. Valuable metal scraps, reusable parts, and ferrous and nonferrous metals were relatively well-recycled in the resource recovery stage, thus, what was revealed to be necessary is a measure to promote the recycling of less valuable materials such as plastic, glass, rubber, and sheet foam. Ferrous and nonferrous metals recovered through shredding or recycled automotive shredder residue (ASR) were being sold to steel refining and production companies, and the heat energy recovered through ASR recycling was being supplied to nearby industrial facilities. Further studies employing the waste resource flow analysis on ELV vehicles will help to identify the obstacles hindering the improvement of their recycling rate and to develop appropriate policy measures.
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( Sora Yi ),( Hisun Lee ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2019 ISSE 초록집 Vol.2019 No.-
There are four stages in the end-of-life vehicle (ELV) recycling process: dismantling, crushing, shredding, and waste gas treatment. Since the materials that can be recycled and treated differ by stage, an analysis on the economic value of the resources recovered at each stage of the ELV recycling process can enable important insights into the problems and appropriate treatment methods for recovering resources by stage. In this study, we reviewed the characteristics of the recycling policies adopted domestically and abroad to explore how Korea’s ELV recycling policy can be refined. An economic analysis of the ELV recycling process was performed to determine the specific policy measures for promoting the circulation of resources from ELVs. The analysis revealed that dismantling accounted for the largest portion in the ELV recycling process in Korea, which points to the need for policies providing financial support toward improving the ELV recycling rate by maximizing the efficiency of dismantling. Financial aid for dismantling companies was assessed to be the key for enhancing the dismantle of ELVs, and institutional measures should be prepared to promote the recycling of ELVs performed by dismantlers. There is also a present need for diversifying the treatment methods for recycled automotive shredder residue (ASR) at the post-dismantling stage as a means to expand ELV recycling. Placing a greater weight on the shredding stage of the ELV recycling process can be a way to reduce the current reliance on dismantling and increase the recycling of non-ferrous metals. However, institutional or financial support will be essential to assist with the initial investment costs for developing ASR treatment technologies and constructing new facilities.
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Upcycling strategies for waste electronic and electrical equipment based on material flow analysis
Sora Yi,Hisun Lee,Jeongmin Lee,Woong Kim 대한환경공학회 2019 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.24 No.1
Upcycling generally refers to the conversion of waste materials to something useful or valuable and is a useful concept that can be applied not only to the waste design industry but also to waste recycling and resource circulation. Our study highlights upcycling as the key concept for improving the value of waste by redefining the concept as “the recycling of waste materials and discarded products in ways that enhance their value.” Four upcycling strategies are linked to material flow analyses conducted on waste electronic and electrical equipment, specifically waste refrigerators and waste computers, to examine the technologies available for implementation and suggest guidelines for the promotion of upcycling. The amount of waste refrigerators collected by the formal sector was 121,642 tons/y and the informal sector, 63,823 tons/y. The current recycling ratio of waste refrigerators was estimated as 88.53%. A total of 7,585 tons/y of waste computers were collected by the formal sector and 3,807 tons/y by the informal sector after discharge. Meanwhile, the current recycling ratio of waste computers was estimated as 77.43%. We found that it is possible to introduce 28 upcycling technologies in the case of refrigerators, and 15 technologies are available to promote upcycling in the case of computers. By refining the broad concept of upcycling and looking at the stages of material flow, our approach presents universally applicable directions for incorporating upcycling in resource recovery and recirculation plans.
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주문솔 ( Munsol Ju ),이희선 ( Hisun Lee ),박정규 ( Jeonggue Park ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2019 한국폐기물자원순환학회 춘계학술발표논문집 Vol.2019 No.-
플라스틱에 의한 섭식장애, 조임, 갇힘 등으로 해양 생태계에 미치는 부정적인 영향에 대한 우려가 높아지고 있으며, 이러한 해양오염은 생태계 파괴뿐 아니라 결국 인간의 먹거리 안정성 및 건강 피해로 이어져 대책 마련이 요구되는 상황이다. 미세플라스틱의 정의는 통상적으로 5mm 미만으로 정의되며 발생유형에 따라 1차와 2차로 구분된다. 국제기구나 EU에서 규정하고 있는 1차 미세플라스틱은 연마나 물성변화를 위해 의도적으로 제품에 사용된 작은 입자 형태의 플라스틱을 의미하고, 2차 미세플라스틱은 5mm이상의 플라스틱이 광분해나 기계적 마모에 의해 미세화되어 발생하는 플라스틱을 의미한다. 반면, 이러한 2차 미세플라스틱은 다시 인간 활동(사용 중 마모 등)에 의해 미세화되는 것과 자연(광분해, 침식 등)에 의해 미세화되는 것으로 구분될 수 있으며 각 유형에 따라 관리 전략이 달라질 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 국내외에서 규정되고 있는 미세플라스틱의 정의와 발생유형을 살펴보고, 2차 미세플라스틱의 발생유형별 관리 전략에 대해 모색한다. 또한, 미세플라스틱 관리 관점에서 플라스틱에 대해 해양 환경 중 오염도, 분해특성, 소비량 등 우선 관리 대상 선정 기준을 논의한다.
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주문솔 ( Munsol Ju ),이희선 ( Hisun Lee ),박정규 ( Jeonggue Park ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2019 한국폐기물자원순환학회 추계학술발표논문집 Vol.2019 No.-
해양으로 유출된 매크로 플라스틱은 두 가지 측면에서 위해 특성을 보인다. 하나는, 해양으로 유출된 플라스틱이 광분해나 마모 등에 의해 마이크로 단위로 미세화 되는데, 이러한 미세입자의 자체 독성 혹은 미세입자에 흡착된 유해물질 이동·흡수되어 해양 생태계에 위해를 줄 수 있다는 점이다. 다른 하나는, 해양으로 유출됨과 동시에 매크로 크기에서도 조임, 갇힘, 섭식장애 등의 생물 위해가 직접적·즉각적으로 발생한다는 점이다. 이는 해양생물의 개체 수 감소나 먹이사슬을 통한 인간 건강 위해로 이어진다. 이러한 피해를 단시간에 효과적으로 감소시키기 위해서는 현재 유출된 품목의 위해성을 바탕으로 영향이 큰 품목부터 단계적으로 관리할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 육상기인 플라스틱 품목을 중심으로 해양 유출(노출)량, 재질 위해도, 구조적 위해도, 현재 관리정도 등을 기준으로 페트병, 각종 뚜껑, 비닐봉투, 일회용 용기 및 식기류, 불꽃놀이 잔해, 담배꽁초 등에 대해 향후 정책적 우선순위를 평가하였다.
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