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이광호 한국개혁신학회 2003 한국개혁신학 Vol.14 No.-
The purpose of this paper is to study ‘the priesthood of all believers theory’ in a critical way. Nowadays many people have has a misunderstanding of the traditional theory of the priesthood of all believers. Since the Reformation, this theory was headed up in the middle age churches. As we know, the Roman Catholic Church had priests who were different from other believers. Priests had more authority than others, and they had religious privileges for serving God. Priests were special mediums between God and normal believers. Because of that reason the position of priests was higher than normal believers. Reformation had changed their traditional thoughts of the priesthood. Martin Luther insisted on the priesthood of all believers. It means there is no difference between priests and other believers. All believers are the same before God. No other person is necessary to serve God or have fellowship with God. Every believers could talk to God directly whenever he wanted. Most present day scholars have no doubts about the priesthood of all believers theory. But we must study this theory again. I do not agree individual believers can be independent priests. All believers must be under the universal body of the church. It means an individual believer can not handle his own faith by himself. If that happens, we could say that different faiths or confessions can exist in the same church. But it is not possible. We can only say that all church members must have the same faith before God. All church members must stand under community of the church authority. Therefore, the priesthood of all believers cannot be adopted for the individual believers but only for individual local branch churches. Individual local churches have specific members who are baptized by the witness of the same community. That local church must have regular Sunday service. All believers who attend the church service make one body through the Word of God and Holy Communion. So, the church community is one body in Jesus Christ. By this we could know that the individual local church has the godly authority of the Word, Baptism, and discipline before God. In this paper the writer tried to say that the priesthood of all believers theory must be adopted by the individual local churches not by the individual believers. It is true that up to now most scholars agree with the priesthood of all believers theory in the traditional way. But the writer expects to discuss the new aspect of this theory again.