Analysis of Satisfaction Level of Beneficiaries of the Samurdhi Poverty Alleviation Program in Sri Lanka

Hwang Hancheol(황한철),Bandara Nalin(반다러 날린) 한국지역사회생활과학회 2013 한국지역사회생활과학회 학술대회 자료집 Vol.2013 No.4

수도권 농촌지역의 토지거래 실태 및 개발행위 허가 분석 - 경기도 안성시 공도읍 사례 -

황한철 ( Hancheol Hwang ) 한국농공학회 2010 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2010 No.-

본 연구에서는 전국의 어느 농촌보다도 가장 활발하게 토지이용 변화가 일어나고 있는 수도권 농촌지역을 중심으로 농촌토지의 거래 실태 및 개발 행위를 조사·분석하여 합리적인 농지제도 개편을 위한 기초자료를 마련하고자 한다. 사례지역은 최근 활발한 개발이 진행되고 있는 경기도 안성시 공도읍을 대상으로 하였으며, 자료는 최근 5년간의 관련 통계자료 및 행정자료 등의 문헌조사와 행정 담당자 면담조사 및 현지조사를 병행하였다. 토지거래 현황은 최근 경제 상황의 어려움 등으로 토지거래의 감소가 전국적인 현상으로 나타나고 있으나 안성시의 경우 전국과 경기도에 비해 상당히 높은 감소 추세를 나타내고 있다. 용도지역별로 살펴보면 도시계획구역 내의 거래량은 높은 반면 자연환경보전지역은 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 또 전, 답, 임야 등에서는 현저히 감소하는 경향이 두드러지는데, 이는 토지투기세력이 점차 줄어들고 있는 것으로 사료된다. 지가 변동률은 연평균 12.5%(최고가 기준: 10.5%, 최저가 기준: 13.5%)로 매우 큰 폭으로 상승하여 공도지역의 개발 수요가 매우 높음을 반증하고 있는 것으로 판단된다. 주로 농경지나 임야는 연평균 증감률이 주상복합용이나 주거용, 공업용 등에 비해 월등히 높은 증가율을 보이고 있는데, 이는 비교적 가격이 낮은 농경지에 대한 선호도, 즉 개발압력이 높은 것으로 풀이된다. 공도지역의 개발행위허가 현황을 살펴보면 도시지역내의 녹지지역에서(면적기준 47%) 가장 많은 개발행위가 이루어지고 있는데, 이는 전, 답, 과수원 등 가격이 비교적 저렴하고 개발이 비교적 용이한 것이 원인인 것으로 판단된다. This study aims to analyze the actual land deals and development permit in rural area around the capital region where land use has been rapidly changed in Korea. Research materials were collected in the case area of Gongdo-eup, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do. The amount of land deals in Anseong-si showed a steeper decline, particularly in Natural Environment Conservation Area. There were mainly development permits in the Green Area where is a part of Urban Area.

농촌체험마을 사무장의 사무장제도에 대한 인식조사 연구

황한철 ( Hancheol Hwang ),유병석 ( Byungsuk Yu ) 한국농공학회 2014 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2014 No.-

본 연구는 농촌체험마을 활성화를 위하여 도입된 농촌마을사무장 제도의 실태를 파악하기 위하여 이해당사자인 마을사무장의 관점에서 본 마을사무장 제도의 추진 실태 및 성과를 평가하고 문제점을 분석하여 발전방향을 제시하고자 한다. 농촌마을사무장제에 대한 만족도는 보통을 약간 상회하는 수준으로 사무장들은 적은 보수와 과다한 업무로 상대적으로 만족도가 낮았으며, 사무장직 수행 의향도 보통인 것으로 나타나고 있어 사무장들의 만족도를 높이기 위한 정책적인 노력이 필요한 것으로 판단된다. 마을사무장제도의 활성화 및 성과 제고를 위해서는 상대적으로 성과가 높게 평가되고 있는 프로그램개발 및 운영, 행사기획, 홍보, 고객관리 위주의 활동에서 마을주민의 사업이해도 및 참여도 향상, 주민의 역량강화, 주민 간 갈등관리 등 주민관점의 활동을 강화하여 궁극적으로 주민소득 증가에 기여하는 선순환 구조가 정착될 수 있도록 제도 운영, 사무장 교육 및 역량개발의 관점으로 전환할 필요가 있을 것으로 사료된다. 마을사업 주체들이 정부나 지자체의 지원에 의존하지 않고 내발적인 자생력을 제고할 수 있도록 마을사무장의 역할 및 역량 개발의 초점을 전환할 필요가 있을 것으로 사료된다. 마을사무장제의 개선방안(지원금의 증액 등 4개 항목)은 공통적으로 지원금의 증액을 가장 선호하고 있었으며 또한 지원기간의 확대를 다음으로 선호하고 있었다. 사무장이 주인의식을 갖고 소신껏 자기 역량을 발휘할 수 있도록 하려면 마을주민들이 사무장을 그저 대가를 주고 채용한 직원으로만 생각하지 말고 마을사업의 파트너로 인정하고 신뢰와 성원을 해주는 것이 가장 중요하다. 그리고 사무장은 주인의식을 갖고 업무에 충실하고 모든 주민이 평등한 혜택을 누릴 수 있도록 세심한 배려와 설득력 있는 사업 추진력으로 마을 발전에 기여할 때 마을사무장제도의 활성화가 제대로 이루어질 것으로 사료된다. The Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, to lead a successful performance of the rural tourism project, has introduced the village manager system since 2005 with some successful outcomes visualizing. Whereas some other villages are showing slower performance along with problems, requiring improvement. In this context, with the critical mind on the effects of the village manager system on the rural tourism village project, the research seeks to investigate awareness of village managers in order to propose how to improve the village manager system.

가나 북부 농촌발전프로그램의 농업인에 미치는 영향

아쿠데길버트센요 ( Gilbert Senyo Akude ),황한철 ( Hwang Hancheol ) 한국농공학회 2019 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2019 No.-

Ghana has benefited from the implementation of various agricultural programmes. Agriculture is seen as a tool that can be employed to alleviate poverty among rural farmers in Ghana. The quality of implementation of these agricultural programmes determines the degree and extent to which the aim of reducing poverty among rural farmers can be realized. The Northern Rural Growth Programme was officially implemented from 2009 to 2016. This study examines the impact of the programme in terms of reducing poverty and increasing income among farmer households in Ghana. Raw data was collected from beneficiary farmers through structured questionnaires, personal interviews and observations. Data was collected on commodity chain development, rural infrastructure development, farmers’ access to financial services and the overall impact of the programme on economic and social welfare of farmers. Simple random sampling was used to select 150 respondents. The relationship between participation and access to financial services, poverty reduction were analyzed using the Pearson correlation analysis. Also social and economic welfare were evaluated using the Chi-square test, likert value and paired-sample t - test for increased in farmer income. The survey revealed that farmers’ access to market have improved considerably, transportation time and cost have reduced significantly while quantity of produce transported have greatly increased by up to 35%.

방글라데시의 친환경농업개발과 정부의 역할

엠디마피줄이슬람 ( Md. Mafizul Islam ),황한철 ( Hancheol Hwang ) 한국농공학회 2011 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2011 No.-

본 연구는 방글라데시의 친환경농업개발을 위한 정부의 역할을 규명하기 위하여 일반 농가와 유기농가로 구분하여 친환경농업개발에 대한 농민들의 의사를 조사ㆍ분석하고 친환경농업정책의 문제점을 도출하고 이를 바탕으로 정부의 역할을 제시하였다. Objectives of the study were to review and assess the role of government in environment friendly agriculture (EFA), to find out farmers' attitude toward EFA and to know the effect of EFA on rural livelihood in Bangladesh. Data were collected from randomly selected 100 conventional and 100 default organic farmers of two sub-districts of Tangail district of Bangladesh. Government of Bangladesh is struggling to ensure food security of over populous country with degrading soil and environment. Government has taken extensive programs on Integrated Pest Management (IPM), Integrated Crop Management (ICM), soil fertility improvement, and controlling crops' pests using pheromone trap and natural enemies etc. to ensure sustainable agricultural development. According to farmers' opinion, government plays positive role in EFA but policies and programs are not sufficient. The study revealed that only small portion of conventional farmers practiced environment friendly agricultural practices, and lack of technical knowledge and inputs availability were their main barriers of practicing EFA practices. Among the conventional farmers, 39% respondents were agreed to practice organic agriculture but main obstacles were lack of marketing facilities and risks of production failure. Only small portion of conventional farmers (17%) received training on IPM from Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE). Farmers suggested for government's initiatives to take extensive programs on farmers training, IPM, organic manure, pheromone traps and natural enemies, and to formulate clear policies on EFA. Government has no initiatives in organic agriculture and this sector is progressing steadily with the supports from NGOs. Comparatively young, literate and small farmers were likely to practice organic agriculture. Average organic farm size, farming age and increased farming income were 0.246 hectare, 7.63 years and 11.4% respectively whereas small farmers received higher profit. Lack of consumer's trust, marketing facilities and producers' cooperative organizations were the main risks of organic farmers, and they felt necessity of government's certification body to maintain equal standard of organic products. Organic farmers expected more government's initiatives to enhance marketing, extension services, exporting and incentives facilities.

짐바브웨의 보조금 비료의 효율적 배분 방법

뮤냐니찰스 ( Munyanyi Charles ),황한철 ( Hancheol Hwang ) 한국농공학회 2011 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2011 No.-

본 연구는 짐바브웨의 소농을 대상으로 하는 보조금 비료를 효율적으로 배분하기 위한 방안을 마련하고자 지역의 농민을 대상으로(N=100) 비료 보조금 정책에 대한 농민들의 의사를 설문을 통하여 조사ㆍ분석하고 관련 정책의 문제점 도출과 비료 보조금 정책의 합리적인 대안을 마련하였다. The Zimbabwean government in an attempt to target the poor as major beneficiaries of subsidized fertilizers has been distributing subsidized fertilizers by targeting the small holder sector. The assumption being that it’s where the majority of the poor farmers are located. The purpose of this study was to examine whether subsidized fertilizers destined for the poor in the smallholder farming sector is not being acquired by relatively better off farmers in this particular sector. The investigation also sought to answer the following questions i) Whether subsidized fertilizers in the smallholder farming sector is not being acquired by households who have capacity to purchase the fertilizer on the commercial market. ii)The general perception of farmers towards the Zimbabwean fertilizer distribution program. 100 households in Muzvezve 11 area in Kadoma district of Zimbabwe were randomly sampled and a questionnaire was administered to the households head. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square test were used for analysis. A Chi-square test was performed to examine relation between household per capita income and access to these fertilizers. The relationship was found to be insignificant (p=0.3). In order to explore if some beneficiaries of these fertilizers have capacity to purchase fertilizer on the open market a Chi-square test was performed on the relationship between buying of fertilizer on the open market as a coping strategy against per capita income and the relationship was significant(p=0.0037). For the households interviewed all farmers (100%) were in agreement that being productive is not a characteristic considered for acquiring the fertilizers. 88.89% of the farmers had the perception that in order to get the fertilizers you have to be rich. The results from this study shows that unlike in other sub-Saharan African countries were most subsidized fertilizers is captured by the wealthier farmers the Zimbabwean case might be different.

아프카니스탄 국가연대프로그램의 영향평가

아바디모하마드이사 ( Mohammad Ishaq Abady ),황한철 ( Hwang Hancheol ) 한국농공학회 2019 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2019 No.-

This research describes the result of impact evaluation of National Solidarity Program (NSP) through comparative study and cross-national investigation of three rural development programs including Afghanistan’ National Solidarity Program (NSP), Korea’s Saemaul Undong (SMU) and India’s Community Development Program (CDP). The main objectives of the study were to explore the impact of NSP projects, particularly irrigation and transportation sectors’ projects, on households’ income generation, agricultural production and poverty reduction. The study found out that only the SMU and CDP itself could not achieved the increase in agricultural production and households incomes, and there were some complementary strategies such as adoption of green and white revolution, agricultural mechanization, improvement of agricultural higher education, establishment of effective agricultural research institutions for undertaking of agricultural scientific research and extension, establishment of agricultural cooperatives, designing and implementation of land reform policy, improvement of agricultural marketing system and some other effective strategies that applied before and during the SMU and CDP implementation which significantly increased the success chances of these programs. Out of all aforementioned strategies, the appliance of green and white revolution was the fundamental factors that helped these countries to reduce nationwide poverty through increasing agricultural production and household incomes. The comparative study findings indicate that the rural development programs which are not supported by these complementary strategies, will not be successful to achieve increase in agricultural production and households incomes.

몽골 관광에 대한 외국 관광객들의 태도 분석

투무르숙체벨마 ( Tsevelmaa Tumursukh ),황한철 ( Hancheol Hwang ) 한국농공학회 2012 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2012 No.-

본 연구는 몽골의 관광산업에 대한 외국 관광객의 만족도를 증가시키고 관광산업 활성화를 위한 대안을 모색하기 위하여 외국인 관광객을 대상으로 관광 태도를 분석하였다. 여행 유형, 체류기간, 목적, 여행경비, 행선지 등 관광객의 여행 속성에 따른 만족도 분석은 물론, 연령별 성별, 직업별, 국적 등 인구학적 특성에 따른 여행 만족도의 관계 분석 등을 실시하였다. 그 결과 관광 마케팅이나 관광개발 전략을 수립하는데 기여할 수 있는 기초자료를 마련하였다. The main objectives of this study were to assess the Mongolian tourism industry and to find out international tourists’ fundamental attitudes toward Mongolian tourism. In order to achieve these objectives, different approaches were used. This study attempted to investigate the relationship between tourism destination attributes and tourists’ satisfaction, and to identify the relationship of international tourists’ satisfaction with their demographic characteristics and travel characteristics. It was necessary to identify international tourists’ demographic and travel characteristics that affect their attitude. Tourists’ demographic characteristics focused on in this study include age, gender, occupation and nationality. Tourists’ travel characteristics include type of travel mate, length of stay, purpose of travel, expenditure of travel, and source of information about travel destinations. In order to assess international tourists’ specific preference in choosing their outbound travel in Mongolia, a questionnaire survey was conducted with major tourist generating places. Data were collected from 100 respondents sampled at random among international tourists in Mongolia during the summer in 2011. Based upon the results of this study, suggestions were made to increase the number of tourists as well as to increase international tourists’ satisfaction with the Mongolian tourism industry. First, understanding what tourists seek at tourist attractions will help tourism marketers understand their customers better. Second, identifying the attributes of tourists’ satisfaction will help tourism planners develop appropriate strategies to attract their customers and serve them effectively. Third, knowing how to satisfy tourists may help reduce marketing costs and maintain the sustainability of tourist destinations.

The Impact Evaluation of Pro-poor Value Chain Development Project in the Maputo and Limpopo Corridors (PROSUL) in Mozambique 2012-2019

멜바클로틸마필렐레 ( Melva Clotilde Julio Mapilele ),황한철 ( Hwang Hancheol ) 한국농공학회 2020 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2020 No.-

The Mozambique Government defined the agricultural sector as the priority sector of the country, in this context various programs are developed to increase the livelihood and welfare among the beneficiaries transforming subsistence agriculture into commercial agriculture. However, the Pro-poor Value Chain Development Project in the Maputo and Limpopo Corridors in Mozambique (PROSUL) was developed to achieve the goals of the Strategic Plan for Agricultural Development (PEDSA) aimed to increase the agricultural production, food security and income households. This present research its focussed on PROSUL’s evaluation regarding to the livelihood’s improvement and welfare in the beneficiaries on horticulture, cassava and red meat value chain through increased income, increased production volumes and quality as well as improved market linkages. Both qualitative and quantitative data was collected through the questionnaire as primary data conducted in 150 households’ farmers were 75 from the project beneficiaries and the remain 75 from non-beneficiaries selected randomly in three districts, thus, Statistical Packages of Social Science (SPSS) and excel are using to evaluate the changes in farmers livelihood and welfare. Therefore, the research can show that the beneficiaries’ farmers are satisfied due to the project interventions in them households by increasing the livelihood and welfare as well as the income and market access, in addition to that the non-beneficiaries as comparison group they face more difficulties in the production and market access thus contributing to the lower income and welfare. However, several challenges were faced to conduct the experiment in the field due to the novel pandemic COVID-19 resulting in a slight delay in data collection.

농경지 토양에서 암모니아 배출에 미치는 요인들의 특성

김건엽(Gun-Yeob Kim),이연진(Yeon-Jin Lee),조은지(Eun-Ji Cho),이재인(Jae-In Lee),임은채(Eun-Chae Im),황한철(Hancheol Hwang),김상윤(Sang-Yoon Kim),홍성창(Sung-Chang Hong),김진호(Jin-Ho Kim),박성직(Seong-Jik Park) 대한환경공학회 2022 대한환경공학회지 Vol.44 No.11

목적 : 토양에서 암모니아 배출에 미치는 영향에 관한 문헌 고찰을 통하여 주요 요인들을 파악하고, 암모니아 배출감소를 위한 대책을 설립한다. 방법 : 농업, 암모니아, 미세먼지 등의 키워드를 활용하여 학술검색을 수행하였으며, 수집된 문헌에 대하여 토양의 특성이 암모니아 배출에 미치는 영향에 대해서 각 항목별로 정리하였다. 결과 및 토의 : 암모니아의 대기 중으로 배출은 잠재적으로 농업인의 경제적 수익을 감소시킬 뿐만 아니라 초미세먼지(PM2.5) 형성에 전구물질로 작용하여 대기 환경에 부정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 국내 암모니아 주요 배출원 중에서 농업이 차지하는 비중은 78% 정도로 보고되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 토양에서 암모니아 배출은 암모니아 비료의 종류, 토양수분, pH, 온도, 양이온교환용량, 유기물, 토성에 영향을 받는다. 토양수분의 증가는 암모니아 배출량을 증가시킨다. 토양 pH가 증가함에 따라서 암모니아 배출량이 증가하는데 특히 7.5 이상에서 크게 증가한다. 토양 온도의 증가는 요소의 가수분해 속도와 암모니아 가스로 전환하는 속도를 증가시켜 암모니아 배출이 증가한다. 양이온교환용량이 큰 토양은 암모늄을 흡착시켜서 암모니아 배출을 감소시킨다. 점토 함량과 토양 유기물 함량이 높은 토양은 토양 pH 변화에 완충성이 커서 암모니아 배출을 감소시킨다. 결론 : 토양에서 암모니아 배출에 대한 기작 및 원인에 대한 이해를 바탕으로 최적의 토양 관리 및 환경 관리를 통해서 대기 중으로의 암모니아 배출을 저감 할 수 있다. Objectives : Major factors affecting ammonia emission from the soil and strategies to reduce ammonia emission were investigated through literature surveys. Methods : An academic search was conducted using keywords such as agriculture, ammonia, and fine dust, and the effects of soil characteristics on ammonia emission were summarized for each factor. Results and Discussion : Emissions of ammonia into the atmosphere can reduce economic returns for a farmer and negatively impact the atmospheric environment by acting as a precursor to PM2.5 formations. It is reported that agriculture accounts for 78% of the total ammonia emission sources in Korea. Ammonia emission from the soil is affected by the type of ammonia fertilizer, soil moisture, pH, temperature, cation exchange capacity, organic matter, and soil texture. An increase in soil moisture increases ammonia emissions. As soil pH increases, ammonia emissions increase, noticeably above 7.5. An increase in soil temperature increases the rate of hydrolysis of urea and the rate of conversion to ammonia gas, resulting in increased ammonia emissions. Soils with high cation exchange capacity adsorb ammonium to reduce ammonia emissions. Soils with a high clay content and soil organic matter content are more buffered to changes in soil pH, reducing ammonia emissions. Conclusion : Based on understanding the mechanisms and causes of ammonia emission from the soil, it is possible to establish soil and environmental management to reduce ammonia emissions into the atmosphere.