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미국 서부 해안 IMPROVE 측정소에 대한 대기 중 PM<SUB>2.5</SUB>의 오염원 기여도 추정
황인조(InJo Hwang),김동술(Dong-Sool Kim),Philip K. Hopke 한국대기환경학회 2008 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.24 No.1
In this study, the chemical compositions of PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> samples collected at the Redwood National Park IMPROVE site in California from March 1988 to May 2004 were analyzed to provide source identification and apportionment. A total of 1,640 samples were collected and 33 chemical species were analyzed by particle induced X-ray emission, proton elastic scattering analysis, photon induced X-ray fluorescence, ion chromatography, and thermal optical reflectance methods. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was used to develop source profiles and to estimate their mass contributions. The PMF modeling identified five sources and the average mass was apportioned to motor vehicle (35.8%, 1.58 ㎍/㎥), aged sea salt (23.2%, 1.02 ㎍/㎥), fresh sea salt (21.4%, 0.94 ㎍/㎥), wood /field burning (16.1%, 0.71 ㎍/㎥), and airborne soil (3.5%, 0.15 ㎍/㎥), respectively. To analyze local source impacts from various wind directions, the CPF and NPR analyses were performed using source contribution results with the wind direction values measured at the site. These results suggested that sources of PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> are also sources of visibility degradation and then source apportionment studies derived for PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> are also used for understanding visibility problem.
PMF를 응용한 구미시 PM-10 오염원의 정량적 기여도 추정연구
황인조(InJo Hwang),조영혁(Young Hyuck Cho),최우건(Woo Gun Choi),이혜문(Hye Moon Lee),김태오(Tae Oh Kim) 한국대기환경학회 2008 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.24 No.1
The objective of this study was to quantitatively estimate PM-10 source contribution in Gumi City, Korea. Ambient PM-10 samples were collected by a high volume air sampler, which operated for 84 different days with a 24-h sampling basis, from June 14, 2001 though May 19, 2003. The filter samples were analyzed for determining 13 inorganic elements, 3 anions, and a total carbon. The study has intensively applied a receptor model, the PMF (Positive Matrix Factorization) model. The results from PMF modeling indicated that a total of seven sources were independently identified and each source was contributed to the ambient Gumi City from secondary sulfate (34%), motor vehicle (26%), soil relation (5%), field burning (3%), industrial relation (3%), secondary nitrate (22%), and incinration (7%) in terms of PM-10 mass, respectively.