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황원중(Won-Joong Hwang),권구중(Goo-Joong Kwon),이성재(Sung-Jae Lee),박형수(Hyung-Su Park),김남훈(Nam-Hun Kim) 한국산림바이오에너지학회 2002 산림바이오에너지 Vol.21 No.1
본 연구에서는 굴참나무(Quercus variabilis BLUME), 신갈나무(Quercus mongolica FISCH.), 물푸레나무(Fraxinus rhynchophylla HANCE), 벚나무(Prunus sargentii REHDER)재의 목재와 전통식 탄화로에서 생산된 백탄 및 흑탄의 조직구조를 주사전자현미경으로 관찰하여 상호 비교하였다. 목탄의 구성요소는 목재에 비해 치수가 크게 감소되었고, 도관은 접선방향 직경이 감소되어 타원형을 나타냈다. 따라서 목탄의 제조과정 중 탄재량에 비해 목탄의 수율이 크게 감소하는 것은 목재성분의 일부 손실뿐만 아니라 구성세포 치수가 감소하기 때문으로 생각되었다.<br/> A comparative study on the structure of wood and charcoals was examined by scanning electron microscopy. Four species as Quercus variabilis BLUME, Quercus mongolica FISCH., Fraxinus rhynchophylla HANCE and Prunus sargentii REHDER were used for this experiment. Cell dimensions of charcoals showed more higher shrinkage than those of wood. Shape of vessels was slightly changed due to become smaller in tangential diameter. Therefore, it was considered that the decrease of charcoal yield was caused by decrease of cell dimensions as well as loss of wood components. <br/>
LiOH/Urea 수용액을 이용하여 제조한 재생 셀룰로오스 겔의 공극분포 및 중금속 흡착 특성
권구중(Gu-Joong Kwon),양지욱(Ji-Wook Yang),황교정(Kyo-Jung Hwang),황재현(Jae-Hyun Hwang),황원중(Won-Jung Hwang),김대영(Dae-Young Kim) 한국펄프·종이공학회 2016 펄프.종이기술 Vol.48 No.4
This experiment was carried out to study the pore distribution of regenerated cellulose gel (RCG) prepared by using a LiOH/urea solution and the adsorption characteristics of a lead and cadmium. The specific surface area of RCG was higher in the 2% cellulose concentration with a higher number of beads type than the film type. In the case of pore distribution, they were between 50-150 nm of film type RCG. However, large pore, which are more than 150 nm also existed on the beads type RCG. The adsorption characteristics of cadmium and a lead showed the removal efficiency of the beads type RCG was superior to the film type RCG. The heavy metal removal, based on a pH value of 5-6, showed slightly higher efficiency. Moreover, the rate of removal of lead appeared highly comparable with that of cadmium. According of the FT-IR spectrum analysis, heavy metal adsorption of RCG appeared to be due to the absorption of heavy metals by the hydroxyl group within the cellulose.
권구중 ( Gu Joong Kwon ),권성민 ( Sung Min Kwon ),장재혁 ( Jae Hyeok Jang ),황원중 ( Won Joung Hwang ),김남훈 ( Nam Hun Kim ) 한국목재공학회 2011 목재공학 Vol.39 No.6
본 연구에서는 탄화과정 중에 탄화로에서 발생되는 폐열을 활용하기 위해서 친환경건조시스템을 개발하여 그 특성을 검토하였다. 친환경건조시스템은 화석연료를 전혀 이용하고 있지 않고, 버려지는 폐열을 이용하기 때문에 환경친화적이다. 친환경건조시스템의 열원으로 이용되는 열수는 3개의 탄화로에 서로 연결되어 폐열을 회수하고 있고, 지속적인 열원의 공급으로 건조기내의 온도와 습도변화는 크지 않았다. 친환경건조시스템 설치가 목탄의 특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 고정탄소, 정련도, 경도, 발열량, pH, 단위중량당 발열량, 수탄율을 분석하였다. 그 결과로부터 친환경건조시스템 설치가 목탄의 특성에 크게 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 버려지는 폐열을 회수하여 에너지로 이용하는 친환경건조시스템은 에너지절감과 농산물의 건조품질을 향상시켜 농가의 수익을 극대화할 수 있는 효과가 있을 것으로 생각된다. This study was preformed to investigate the characteristics of the green drying system for utilizing heat wasted during carbonization process. The green drying system utilizing waste heat is one of environment-friendly equipments because it needs no other energies from fossil fuel and etc. In this study, waste heat from three kilns was collected by stainless connection pipe, and in the green drying system the temperature and humidity was hardly changed. Charcoal charecteristics as fixed carbon, refining degree, hardness, pH, calorific value, and charcoal yield were analyzed to investigate kiln performance due to installation of green drying system. As a result, the green dry system installation hardly affected the characteristics of charcoal. In conclusion, the green drying system can be applied to maximize the profit of the farm household income and contribute to reduce fossil energy.
개량형탄화로를 이용한 제탄과정 중 탄화로 내,외벽 온도변화 및 목탄 특성
권구중 ( Gu Joong Kwon ),권성민 ( Sung Min Kwon ),장재혁 ( Jae Hyuk Jang ),황원중 ( Won Joung Hwang ),김남훈 ( Nam Hun Kim ) 한국목재공학회 2011 목재공학 Vol.39 No.3
본 연구는 개량형 탄화로를 이용하여 제탄과정 중 탄화로 내 · 외벽체의 온도변화를 측정하고. 제탄된 목탄의 특성을 조사하였다. 공시탄화로의 탄화과정은 8일정도 소요되었다. 탄재탄화시 탄화로 내부온도는 720℃ 정도였고. 정련단계에 이르기까지 탄화로 내부온도는 점점 증가하여 정련단계에서는 l. 000℃ 이상의 고온에 달하였다. 연통부는 착화시 90℃였고. 서서히 증가되어 정련단계에서는750℃까지 상승하였다. 이 때 탄화로 벽체의 온도변화는 제탄과정 중의 탄화로 내부의 온도변화 경과곡선과 비슷한 경향을 보여주었다. 제탄과정에서 나타난 탄화로 벽체의 최고 온도는 500℃ 정도였다. 적외선 열화상카메라를 이용하여 체탄전 탄화로의 내 · 외벽체의 온도분포를 측정한 결과, 출탄 후 시간이 다소 경과되어도 상당한 양의 잠열이 탄화로 벽체와 천장에서 감지 되었다. 출탄된 목탄의 고정탄소은 85.9∼89,9% 였다, 점련도는 1, 경도는 12, 발열량은 7.047~7.456 kcal/kg. pH는 9.0∼9.9였다. 목탄의 수탄율은 13.8% 정도로 가존의 탄화로에 얻어진 수탄을 9.8∼12.3%에 비해 1.5% 정도 향상되었다. The study was performed to investigate the characteristics of charcoal and temperature change of a kiln`s inner and outer walls in carbonization process using improved kiln. In this kiln system, carbonization process was completed in eight days In the kiln, the ignition temperature was kept about 720°C And then the temperature were increased gradually prior to be refined. Finally, the temperature in refining process was reached to maximum point, 1,000°C In the chimney, the temperature was increased gradually from 90°C at ignition to 750°C at refining. The temperature change of the kiln wall resembles a temperature change progress curve during a carbonization process The highest temperature of the kiln wall that appeared hy a carbonization process was around 500°C As a result of having measured an inner wall and the outer wall of the kiln using an infrared thermography camera, it was judged with there being considerable latent heat on kiln wall and ceiling. Fixed carbon contented of charcoal was 85.9~89.9%. Refining degree of charcoal, hardness, calorific value and pH were I, 12, 7,047- 7,456 kcal/kg, 9.0~9.9, respectively. The yield of wood charcoal was 138% and compared to conventional kiln`s yield increased 1.5%.
횡복직근 유리 피판술로 재건된 가슴에서의 감각 회복에 대한 임상적 고찰
안희창,성건용,최승석,황원중,Ahn, Hee-Chang,Sung, Kun-Yong,Choi, Matthew Seung-Suk,Hwang, Won-Joong 대한미세수술학회 2005 Archives of reconstructive microsurgery Vol.14 No.2
The purpose of this study is to introduce a sensory restoration in reconstructed breast with free TRAM flap to evaluate recovery aspect and recovery quantity. 144 patients underwent breast reconstruction with free TRAM flap by authors and were followed up at the out patient clinique. We discovered that sensory of operated breast was recoverd. We divide the breast into 5 region (upper medial, lower medial, upper lateral, lower lateral, nipple areolar complex) for examining the sensory restoration. Sense of upper medial region & upper lateral region is recovered more quickly than other region. Touch sensation was recovered more quickly than pain sensation, temperature sensation, vibratory sensation. After about 1 year all protective sensation was recovered in all patient. We discovered that severe postop scar and irradiation of breast is related to delayed sensory recovery, age and size of flap is not related to sensory recovery.
알칼리 용제를 이용하여 제조한 셀룰로오스 겔의 카드뮴 흡착특성
황교정(Kyo-Jung Hwang),권구중(Gu-Joong Kwon),양지욱(Ji-Wook Yang),황원중(Won-Jung Hwang),황재현(Jae-Hyun Hwang),김대영(Dae-Young Kim) 한국펄프·종이공학회 2015 펄프.종이기술 Vol.47 No.6
This study was carried out to investigate the characterization of cadmium adsorption by cellulose hydrogel and aerogel. Hydrogel and aerogel were made from ashless pulp dissolved in alkali hydroxide-urea aqueous solution and manufactured in film and bead types. After regeneration of cellulose, hydrogel went through the process of substitution of organic solvent and freeze-dry in order to make aerogel. SEM was used to analyze the microstructure of hydrogel and aerogel. Experiment was conducted in various concentrations and pH conditions to find out the characteristic of cadmium adsorption. After that, EDS was used to identify existence and distribution of cadmium in hydrogel and aerogel. The result from comparisons of cadmium adsorption shows that bead type aerogel has the maximum cadmium adsorption and film type hydrogel has the minimum cadmium adsorption.
국산 참나무屬 數種의 위스키 원액 저장용 목통으로의 활용성 평가
김남훈(Nam-Hun Kim),황원중(Won-Joong Hwang),최인화(In-Hwa Choi) 한국산림바이오에너지학회 2002 산림바이오에너지 Vol.21 No.2
위스키 숙성용 木桶으로서 한국산 참나무속 목재의 이용 가능성을 검토하기 위하여 도관직경, 방사조직 밀도, 방사조직 높이, 타일로시스의 존재 유?무 등 해부학적 특성과 알콜 침지 중의 밀도, 색농도 변화 및 흡수량을 조사하였다. 본 실험에 사용된 참나무속 목재는 모두 환공재였고, 단열방사조직과 광방사조직으로 구성된 복합방사조직을 가지고 있었으며, 방사유세포는 대부분이 평복세포였다. 타일로시스는 루부라참나무를 제외한 공시재 모두에서 존재하였다. 목재 밀도는 알콜 침적 후 많이 감소하였다. 알콜 색 농도는 떡갈나무와 갈참나무가 다른 수종보다 더 짙은 황갈색을 나타냈다. 흡수량은 변재가 심재보다 높았고, 특히 red oak가 white oak보다 더 크게 나타났다. 결론적으로 국산 참나무속 수종은 위스키 숙성용 木桶으로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.<br/> This paper describes experimental results on the utilization of some Korean oak woods for whisky aging barrel.<br/> Some anatomical characteristics as vessel diameter, ray spacing, ray height, existence of tyloses, water absorption and color change of alcohol during immersing of wood samples were examined. The oak woods used in this study were ring-porous. The type of ray was a compound ray consisted of uniseriate ray and broad ray. The ray parenchyma cells were almost procumbent, tyloses were presented in white oak(Quercus aliena, Quercus variabilis, Quercus dentata, Quercus mongolica), but absented in red oak(Quercus rubura). Density of wood samples decreased during immersing in alcohol.<br/> Alcohol color in Quercus dentata and Quercus aliena presented more darker than other samples. Water absorption of sapwoods was higher than that of heartwoods. Especially, red oak showed more higher water absorption than white oak. Consequently, Korean white oak woods can be used as the whisky aging barrel. <br/>
LiBr 수용액으로 용해시켜 제조한 거대억새 홀로셀룰로오스 용해 및 재생 필름특성
양지욱(Ji-Wook Yang),권구중(Gu-Joong Kwon),황교정(Kyo-Jung Hwang),황원중(Won-Jung Hwang),황재현(Jae-Hyun Hwang),김대영(Dae-Young Kim) 한국펄프·종이공학회 2015 펄프.종이기술 Vol.47 No.6
In this study, dissolution characteristics of 60% LiBr aqueous solution for Miscanthus sinensis holocellulose in accordance with heating time and characteristics of regenerated films were analyzed. Miscanthus sinensis holocellulose was made by peracetic acid method. During the dissolution of 60% LiBr solution for the holocellulose, the dissolution was started from the tip of the cellulose fiber after about 7 minutes, and proceeded as it swollen like a balloon. A lot of Si was identified by analyzing hollocellulose regenerated film through SEM/EDS. Cross section of regenerated film as dissolution time till 40 minutes of dissolution showed multilayered structure and fiber orientation. But after 40 minutes, multilayered structure and fiber orientation was not observed. The crystal structure of the holecellulose was transformed cellulose I into cellulose II. Therefore, dissolution for 20 minutes with 60% LiBr solution in the condition of 190℃ hot plate was shown as an optimum condition to manufacture the holocellulose regenerated film.