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홍희기(Hiki Hong),최준영(Junyoung Choi),임신영(Shin Young Im) 대한설비공학회 2017 설비공학 논문집 Vol.29 No.10
Most European economies, Japan, and many governments have made it a major policy to expand the green business by disseminating heat pump technology, which has a large CO2 reduction effect. The heat pump of all heat sources has been recognized as renewable energy and the policy to encourage has been implemented. In the recently revised Renewable Energy Law, the hydrothermal source (surface sea water) heat pump was newly included in renewable energy. In addition, the scope of application of heat pumps has expanded in the mandatory installation of renewable energy for new buildings, remodeling buildings, and reconstructed buildings based on this law. However application to heat pumps using all natural energy as heat source has been put off. In this revision, the ratio of renewable energy to the total energy produced by the heat pump was fixed at 73%, which depends on coefficient of performance of heat pump. The ratio of renewable energy is 1-1.8/COPH, and should be calculated including the coefficient of performance of the heat pump. Using a high efficiency heat pump or a high-temperature heat source increases the coefficient of performance and also reduces CO₂ emissions. It is necessary to expand the application of heat pumps as renewable energy equipment and to improve the correct calculation of renewable energy production.
홍희기(Hiki Hong),김영균(Young Kyun Kim) 대한설비공학회 2011 대한설비공학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.7
Low temperature ondol heating has a lot of advantages; efficiency increase of condensing boiler, COP increase of heat pump and collection efficiency in solar thermal heating. We showed the possibility to apply a real situation of an apartment housing by simulation. As a result, heating energy consumption during one week was the same though the supply hot water temperatures are changed, but the elaped time to a set room temperature becomes longer.
홍희기(Hiki Hong),김시환(Sihwan Kim) 대한설비공학회 2010 설비공학 논문집 Vol.22 No.6
Ondol heating, a kind of radiant floor heating, is a main method used in housing units in Korea. Building energy simulation including ondol and relevant facilities has not been performed due to its complexity. For evaluating energy consumption and indoor temperature variation, a new method should be proposed. At the present work, a dynamic simulation on ondol heating was tried by combining TRNSYS and EES. Characteristic functions for a pump, hot water coils and a gas boiler were simutaneouly solved by EES, and calculated flow rates and supply temperature of hot water were provided as inputs of the active layer of TYPE 56 in TRNSYS. The results by the simulation on a typical housing unit in Korea shows a good trend in a viewpoint of actual behavior of ondol heating.
통전가열 ( Ohmic Heating ) 처리조건에 따른 사과주스의 가열속도 변화
홍희도(Hee Do Hong),김경탁(Kyung Tack Kim),최희돈(Hee Don Choi),김성수(Sung Soo Kim) 한국응용생명화학회 1998 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.41 No.6
The optimum ohmic heating condition of apple juice was investigated with model solution. The temperature rise of model solution was found to be 7.8, 21.0, 47.4℃/min when the distances between electrodes were 29, 22, and 17mm, respectively. The heating rate increased proportionally with the numbers of electrode pairs, 1 to 3 and highly dependent on applied voltage. The heating rate was not affected by the frequencies ranged from 60 ㎐ to 60 KHz and the wave form of applied alternating electric current. The apple juices prepared by ohmic heating sterilization revealed similar physicochemical properties to that by commercial sterilization.
HPLC를 이용한 고려인삼 중 진세노사이드 Rb₁, Rf 및 Rg₁의 신속분석 방법 개발
홍희도(Hee-Do Hong),최상윤(Sang Yoon Choi),김영찬(Young-Chan Kim),이영철(Young-Chul Lee),조장원(Chang-Won Cho) 고려인삼학회 2009 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.33 No.1
진세노사이드 Rb₁, Rg₁의 경우 인삼의 주요 지표성분으로서 건강기능식품법 등 국내 주요 규격 뿐 만 아니라 Codex 등 국제 규격에서도 주요한 품질지표 인자로 활용되고 있다. 그러나 최근 기술표준원에서 발표한 KS 방법 및 2008년 8월부터 실효된 개정된 건강기능식품법에 제시되어 있는 HPLC를 이용한 Rb₁, Rg₁ 분석법의 경우 분석시간이 각각 90분, 70분으로 매우 길다는 단점이 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 기존에 제시되어 있는 HPLC 방법을 개선하여 진세노사이드 Rb₁, Rg₁ 및 고려인삼 특이 진세노사이드 Rf를 단시간(50분)에 분석할 수 있는 새로운 방법을 개발한 후 개발된 분석법에 대한 평가를 수행하였다. 컬럼은 μ-Bondapak C18 column(3.9×300 ㎜, 10 ㎛), 이동상 용매는 water, acetonitrile로 기울기 용리를 사용하였으며, 검출파장은 203 ㎚, 이동상의 유속은 1.6 mL/min이었으며 분석온도는 35oC, 시료주입량은 20 ㎕로 설정하여 분석하였다. 확립된 분석조건에서의 각 진세노사이드 머무름 시간(RT)은 Rg1(17.6분), Rf(18.2분), Rb1(39.1분)이었다. 진세노사이드 3종에 대한 표준검정곡선은 0.01~1.00 ㎎/mL 농도범위에서 상관계수가 0.9997 이상의 양호한 직선성을 나타내었다. 회수율은 0.125~0.575 ㎎/mL의 농도범위에서 101.1~115.0%으로 양호하였으며, 일내(intra-day)와 일간(inter-day) 정밀도(RSD)는 0.1~2.8%, 0.7~3.2%이었다. 따라서, 확립된 분석방법은 인삼 중의 진세노사이드 Rb₁, Rg₁, Rf를 신속하고 효과적으로 분석하는데 이용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. A simple gradient HPLC method for rapid determination of major ginsenosides (Rg₁ and Rb₁) and unique ginsenoside (Rf) of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) was developed. Within 50 min, three ginsenosides have been separated and identified on μ-Bondapak C18 column (3.9×300 ㎜, 10 ㎛) with gradient elution using water and acetonitrile as a mobile phase. The method was validated in terms of linearity, accuracy, and precision. The correlation coefficients (r²) for calibration curves of ginsenosides were over 0.9997. The developed HPLC method was successfully applied to the analysis of ginseng samples and the recoveries of ginsenosides were in the range of 101.1~115% with RSD<3.2%. The developed method could be used for rapid evaluation of the ginsenosides Rg₁, Rb₁, and Rf.
홍희기(Hiki Hong),김시환(Sihwan Kim) 대한설비공학회 2009 대한설비공학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.-
Ondol heating, a kind of radiant floor heating, is a main method used in housing units in Korea. Building energy simulation including ondol and relevant facilities has not been performed due to its complexity. For evaluating energy consumption and indoor temperature variation, a new method should be proposed. At the present work, a dynamic simulation on ondol heating was tried by combining TRNSYS and EES. Characteristic functions for a pump, hot water coils and a gas boiler were simutaneouly solved by EES, and calculated flow rates and supply temperature of hot water were provided as inputs of the active layer of TYPE 56 in TRNSYS. The results by the simulation on a typical housing unit in Korea shows a good trend in a viewpoint of actual behavior of ondol heating.